Technology Transfer and Industrial Change in Europe

288 Pages·2000·1.728 MB·English

by  Helen Lawton Smith (auth.)

Technology Transfer and Industrial Change in Europe
Also by Helen Lawton Smith
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT REGULATION (editor with Nick Woodward)
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN TRANSFORMING ECONOMIES: The Case
of Poland (editor with Piotr Jasinski)
PRIVATIZATION AND DEREGULATION OF TRANSPORT (editor with Bill
Bradshaw)
Technology Transfer and
Industrial Change in
Europe
Helen Lawton Smith
Reader in Local Economic Development
Centre for Local Economic Development
Coventry Business School
Coventry University
and
Senior Research Associate
School of Geography
University of Oxford
First published in Great Britain 2000 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
Acatalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-39179-0 ISBN 978-0-230-59542-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230595422
First published in the United States of America 2000 by
ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lawton Smith, Helen
Technology transfer and industrial change in Europe / Helen Lawton Smith
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Technology transfer—Europe. 2. Research, Industrial—Europe.
I. Title
T174.3 L38 2000
338.9406—dc21
99–053642
©Helen Lawton Smith 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-60458-8
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written
permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P0LP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained
forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
Preface and Acknowledgement x
List of Abbreviations xi
Introduction 1
Part One: Background
1 Territories of Innovation: Innovation as a Collective
Process and the Globalization of Competition 15
Erik Swyngedouw
2 The Regulatory Context: International, National and
Regional Components 34
3 Industry, University and National Laboratory Links 69
Part Two: Industrial Change
4 The Organization of Industry Filieres in the Flow
Measurement and Electronic Component Industries 99
Part Three: Comparative Analysis
5 Externalization Patterns in the Flow Measuring Industry 131
6 The Views of Universities and National Laboratories: the
Flow Measurement Industry 159
7 Externalization Patterns in the Electronics Component
Industry 178
8 The Views of Universities and National Laboratories: the
Electronic Components Industry 205
Part Four: Conclusions
9 Innovation Filieres and the Geography of Innovation 227
v
vi Contents
References 253
Appendix 265
Index 267
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Second EC Framework Programme on Research
and Development in Enabling Technologies 39
Table 2.2 Fourth EC Framework Programme on Research
on Development in Enabling Technologies 40
Table 2.3 Distribution by participant types in Second
Framework Programme 41
Table 2.4 R&D expenditure by source of funds as
percentage of GDP in 1991 44
Table 2.5 Industrial Funding £ (1991) per capita of the
workforce using OECD ppp currency exchange
rates 45
Table 3.1 National laboratories in the UK, France and
Belgium with expertise relevant to the two
sectors in the study 84
Table 3.2 Sources of funds of UK universities 86
Table 4.1 EEC electronic components markets in 1990 109
Table 4.2 The Belgian electronic components industry
showing number of firms by ownership 112
Table 4.3 Employment in the flow measuring industry and
the electronic components industry 113
Table 5.1 The flow measurement sample showing date of
formation, employment and markets 135
Table 5.2 The flow measuring industry sample: links with
the PSSB and government support 140
Table 5.3 The UK flow measuring industry sample: forms
of links with universities and national
laboratories 141
Table 5.4 Motivation for contact with the PSSB by flow
measurement sample 145
Table 5.5 Forms of assistance from universities and
national laboratories by the flow measurement
sample 147
Table 6.1 Sample PSSB institutions with research in flow
measurement in the UK, France and Belgium 160
Table 6.2 The PSSB sample’s interaction with industry 167
vii
viii List of Tables
Table 7.1 The electronic components industry sample,
employees, date of formation and major markets 179
Table 7.2 The electronic components industry sample’s
links with universities and national laboratories
and government funding 185
Table 7.3 The electronic components industry sample’s
links with universities and national laboratories,
and their location 188
Table 7.4 The electronic components sample’s motives for
collaboration with universities and national
laboratories 191
Table 7.5 The electronic components sample’s forms of
assistance with universities and national
laboratories 192
Table 7.6 The electronic components sample research
support 194
Table 8.1 Sample PSSB institutions with research in
electronics in the UK, France and Belgium 206
Table 8.2 Sample departments’ relationships with industry 215
Table 9.1 The flow measuring industry and electronic
components samples: links with universities and
national laboratories 231
Table 9.2 Most common motives for interaction in the two
sectors 233
Table 9.3 Most common forms of assistance in the two
sectors 234
Table 9.4 Links with PSSB within and external to national
innovation system 244
Table 9.5 Funding arrangements in the two industrial
samples 246
Table 9.6 Funding arrangements in the two PSSB samples 247
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Map of Belgium showing main regions, major
universities and location of sample 62
Figure 3.1 Changing proportion of funding between
fundamental and applied research at KUL
between 1987 and 1991 94
Figure 4.1 Employment in flow measurement in the UK 114
Figure 4.2 Employment in electronics components industry
in the UK 115
Figure 4.3 Location of production in the electronic
components industry in France 116
ix