Technology for Combating WMD Terrorism

160 Pages·2004·1.604 MB·English

by  Michal Bartoszcze, Marcin Niemciewicz (auth.), Dr. Peter J. Stopa, LTC Zvonko Orahovec (eds.)

Technologyfor CombatingWMDTerrorism
NATO Science Series
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Series II:Mathematics,Physics and Chemistry – Vol.174
Technology for Combating WMD
Terrorism
edited by
Peter J.
Stopa
US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center,
APG MD, U.S.A.
and
Zvonko Orahovec
Ministry of Defense,
Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
Springer -Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Technologyfor CombatingWMDTerrorism
Hunt Valley, MD, U.S.A.
19–22 November 2002
A C.I.P.Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-2682-9 ISBN 978-1-4020-2683-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-2683-6
Printed on acid-free paper
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No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
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DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to all those that have died senselessly at the hands of terrorists.
And to my mother, Hedwig J. Stopa, who taught me the joy of writing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dedication v
Preface ix
Introduction xi
List of Authors xiii
Foreword xvii
REPORTS
Section I. The WMD Terrorist Threat 1
Biological Threats: Aerosol, Food, Water, and Unconventional 5
Michal Bartoszcze and Marcin Niemciewicz
Biological Warfare Agents, Toxins, Vectors and Pests as biological Terrorism Agents
1 1
Slavko Bokan and Zvonko Orahovec
An Evaluation of Bioregulators/Modulators as Terrorism and Warfare Agents 29
Slavko Bokan and Zvonko Orahovec
The Problems of Chemical Terrorism
41
Christopher Dishovsky
Section II. Supporting Science and Technology 45
Challenges to the Design of New Detection Devices 49
Marie Jose Espona
Technical Approaches to Biological Agent Detection 53
Peter J. Stopa, John Walther, and Jeff Morgan
ATP Bioluminescence for the Detection and Identification of Biological Threats 67
Michal Bartoszcze and Agata Bielawska-Drozd
A Rapid Method for Detecting Bacteria in Drinking Water 75
Jiyoung Lee and Rolf A. Deininger
Strategies for the Development of Nucleic Acid Probes for WMD Agents 81
Vito G. Del Vecchio
Chemical Warfare Agent Sampling and Detection 91
Peter J. Stopa
viii
New Generations of Protective Equipment for Rescue Operations Following Terrorist
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Attacks 95
Jiri Matousek
Personal Decontamination Following a Terrorist Chemical, Biological, and Radiological
Attack 103
Jiri Matousek
Four Week-Long Tabun Low Level Exposure in Rats 111
Milos P. Stojiljkovic, Zoran A. Milovanovic, Vesna Kilibarda, Dubravko Bokonjic,
Danka Stefanovic, and Biljana Antonijevic
Paradigm Shift in Developing Countermeasures to Biological and Chemical Threats 119
Walter L. Zielinski and Steven Kornguth
Section III. Systems Integration 125
Defense Against Terrorism 129
Alfred Madhi
Basic Requirements for the Development of an Integrated Management and 131
Technology System for Combating WMD Terrorism
Bozidar Stojanovic
Components of Preparedness- Importance of Disease Reporting and 145
Epidemiology Capacity
Filiz Hincal
Automated Decision Aid System for Hazardous Incidents (ADASHI) 149
James A. Genovese and Arthur Stuempfle
PREFACE
This book presents international perspectives on chemical and biological terrorism. It consists of a
compendium of reports and commentaries that were presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop
(ARW) entitled “Technologies for Combating WMD Terrorism”. This workshop was held in Hunt Valley,
Maryland in November 2002 and was held concurrently with the Joint Scientific Conference on Chemical
and Biological Defense Research. The ARW was funded by the NATO Scientific Affairs Committee and
was also partly supported by the Joint Science and Technology Panel for Chemical and Biological Defense
of the US Department of Defense. Several corporate sponsors also provided funding for several of the
attendees and presenters. The authors would like to thank everyone that contributed to this successful
workshop.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors and the organizing committee wish to thank the NATO Scientific Affairs Committee and the
Joint Science and Technology Panel for Chemical and Biological Defense for their generous support and
encouragement. The organizers would also like to thank the following individuals for their participation
and contributions to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Slavko Bokan (Croatia), Michal
Bartoszcze (Poland), Rocco Cassagrande (USA), Rolf Deininger (USA), Vito Del Vecchio (USA),
Christoph. Dishovsky (Bulgaria), Maria-Jose Espona (Argentina), James Genovese (USA), Filiz Hincal
(Turkey), Steven Kornguth (USA), Illya Kurochkin (Russia), Alfred Madhi (Albania), Stanislaw
Majcherczyk (Poland), Jiri Matousek (Czech Republic), Bozidar Stojanovic (Yugoslavia), and Milos
Stojilkovic (Yugoslavia).
DISCLAIMER
This book reflects the personal opinions of the authors. In no way does it reflect any policies, doctrines, or
views of any of the Governments of the authors nor does it reflect an official policies, doctrines, or
procedures of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) or of the NATO Scientific Affairs
Committee.
ix
INTRODUCTION
Dr. Peter J. Stopa of the US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD,
USA, and LTC Zvonko Orahovec of the Croatian Military Academy, Laboratory for NBC Protection, NBC
Training Center, Zagreb, Croatia, convened the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) entitled
“Technologies for Combatting WMD Terrorism”. The workshop was held during the third week of
November 2002, at the Hunt Valley Inn, Hunt Valley, MD, which is approximately 20 miles north of
Baltimore, MD. This ARW was held concurrently with the Joint Scientific Conference on Chemical and
Biological Defense Research. The purpose of this workshop was to convene international experts in the
field chemical and biological defense and discuss potential approaches that can be used to combat terrorism
that arises from weapons of mass destruction (WMD), such chemical, biological, nuclear, and radiological
agents.
The events of the Fall of 2001 united the world in the quest to combat terrorism in all of its forms. One of
the main effects has been the re-examination of the approaches to combating terrorism associated with
weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Prior doctrines were largely strategic in nature; however, the
anthrax attacks in the US and the increased frequency of hoax events throughout the world have caused
governments and other entities to re-baseline their programs and worry about the tactical, rather than the
strategic threat posed by weapons of mass destruction.
A key piece of successful national and international defense is the integration of science, policy, and
procedures. The intent of this workshop was to integrate scientists and policy-makers in their quests to
combat this form of terrorism. The opening session of the research conference saw policy makers from the
United States and Central Europe (Majcherczyk) present their views on what needs to be done – an over
arching strategy on both the global and national level. Subsequent papers discussed potential threat agents
and some of the problems that these materials could pose to detection and mitigation (Orahovec; Espona;
Bokan; Bartoszcze; Matousek). Chronic and acute effects from the exposure to chemical warfare agents
were also present (Stojilkovic; Dishovsky). A variety of technologies that could be used to detect and
mitigate WMD materials were discussed (Kurochkin; Orahovec; Deininger; Stopa; Matousek;
Cassagrande; Del Vecchio). Arguments were also presented on the need to change investment strategies in
this area (Kornguth). Finally, systems integration approaches were presented that could be used as
paradigms for both the medical and non-medical communities (Hincal; Genovese; Stojanovic; Madhi).
The participants felt that this workshop and the subsequent publication of the proceedings are a good first
step. The opinions and discussions of this group of experts could serve as a template for future directions
in the strategies in the fight against WMD terrorism.
xi
LIST OF AUTHORS
Directors
Dr. Peter J. Stopa
US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
5183 Blackhawk Road
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
21010-5424
LTC Zvonko Orahovec
Croatian Military Academy
Laboratory for NBC Protection
NBC Training Center
Ilica 256b
HR-10 000, Zagreb Croatia
Contributors
Dr. Slavko Bokan
Croatian Military Academy
Laboratory for NBC Protection
NBC Training Center
Ilica 256b
HR-10 000, Zagreb Croatia
Dr. Habil. Michal Bartoszcze
Center for Biological Terrorism and Countermeasures
ul. Kubelska 2
24-100 Pulawy, Poland
Prof. Rolf Deininger
Professor of Environmental Health Sciences
School of Public Health
The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Prof. Vito G. Del Vecchio
Research Director
Insitute for Molecular Biology and Medicine
University of Scranton
Scranton, PA
Prof. Christopher Dishovsky
Military Medical Academy
Department of Experimental Toxicology
3 St. G. Sofiiski str.
Sofia 1606 Bulgaria
Dr. Maria-Jose Espona
Presidencia de la Nacion Argentina
Sanchez De Bustamante
2173, Piso 17 Depto J
C.P. 1425
Capital Federal, Argentina
xiii