Table Of ContentTECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
AND INDUSTRIAL DYNAMICS
Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation
VOLUME 10
Series Editors
Cristiano Antonelli, University ofT orino, Italy
Bo Carlsson, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
Editorial Board:
Steven Klepper, Carnegie Mellon University, USA.
Richard Langlois, University ofC onnecticut, USA.
1.S. Metcalfe, University ofM anchester, UK
David Mowery, University ofC alifornia, Berkeley, USA.
Pascal Petit, CEPREMAP, France
Luc Soete, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
The titles published in this series are listed at the end oft his volume.
TECHNOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS AND
INDUSTRIAL
DYNAMICS
Edited by
BOCARLSSON
Weatherhead School of Ma1lllgement
Case Westem Reserve University
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from
the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-7923-9972-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-6133-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-6133-0
Copyright c 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Origina11y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1997
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Printed on acid-free paper
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Bo Carlsson vii
List of Contributors ix
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xiii
1. Introduction
Bo Carlsson
2. Sweden's Technological Profile
Staffan Jacobsson and Joakim Philipson 23
3. The Technological System for Factory Automation
Bo Carlsson and Staffan Jacobsson 37
4. Sweden's Technological System for Electronics and Computer
Technology
Staffan Jacobsson 61
5. The Development of Beta Blockers at Astra-Hlissle and the
Technological System of the Swedish Pharmaceutical Industry
Rikard Stankiewicz 93
6. The Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Competence Bloc and
the Development of Losec
Gunnar Eliasson and Asa Eliasson 139
7. Mapping the Cognitive and Institutional Structures of an Evolving
Advanced-Materials Field: The Case of Powder Technology
Anders Granberg 169
8. General Purpose Technologies, Industrial Competence and Economic
Growth - with Emphasis on the Diffusion of Advanced Methods of
Integrated Production
Gunnar Eliasson 201
9. Micro-Macro Simulation of Technological Systems: Economic
Effects of Spillovers
Bo Carlsson, Gunnar Eliasson, and Erol Taymaz 255
VI
10. Four Technological Systems: What Have We Learned?
Eo Carlsson 279
11. In Search of Useful Public Policies: Key Lessons and Issues for
Policy Makers
Eo Carlsson and Staffan Jacobsson 299
Author Index 317
Subject Index 321
PREFACE
This volume consitutes a summary of several years' multi-disciplinary research by a
group of Swedish researchers. The project 'Sweden's Technological Systems and
Future Development Potential' was initiated by the Swedish National Board for
Industrial and Technical Development (NUTEK) and has been carried out at the
Department of Industrial Management and Economics at Chalmers University of
Technology in Gothenburg, the Research Policy Institute at the University of Lund, the
Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research (lUI) in Stockholm, and the
Department of Industrial Economics and Management at the Royal Insitute of
Technology, Stockholm, under the direction of Bo Carlsson, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio.
The project group decided early on to focus fIrst on the technological system
for factory automation - a relatively mature system of great importance to Swedish
industry and in which Sweden has reached a leading position internationally - and then
to shift the attention to other systems in various stages of development and with varying
Swedish strength. The work on factory automation resulted in numerous papers and
publications, summarized in a volume published in 1995 (Technological Systems and
Economic Performance: The Case ofF actory Automation, ed. Bo Carlsson. Dordrecht.
Boston and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers). The present book constitutes the
second volume, summarizing our work on all four technological systems studied thus
far (electronics and computers, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, and powder
technology, in addition to factory automation). The book also contains a brief analysis
of Sweden's technological profIle, a survey of the literature on technological spillovers,
a presentation of the results of simulations of the macroeconomic effects of spillovers,
and a discussion of key lessons for public policy. A third volume, focusing on the
methodological aspects of our work, is currently in preparation.
On behalf of the entire project group I would like to thank NUTEK for
generous fInancial support throughout this project, and Lennart Elg in particular for his
interest and involvement as the NUTEK representative on the project team. Financial
support from the Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research (FRN)
is also gratefully acknowledged. I would also like personally to thank each of my
colleagues in the research group for all their efforts to make this project a success. The
potential hurdles of geographic distance and different disciplinary backround were
viii
cheerfully overcome in a spirit of cooperation which made the research experience
enjoyable as well as productive.
Cleveland in March, 1997
Bo Carlsson
Project director
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Bo Carlsson, Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Programs and William E.
Umstattd Professor of Industrial Economics, Weatherhead School of Management, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Ph.D. in Economics, Stanford
University, 1972).
Gunnar Eliasson, Professor ofIndustrial Economics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Stockholm. Formerly President, Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research,
Stockholm (Fil. Dr. and Docent in Economics, University ofUppsala, 1968).
Asa Eliasson received her Fil.Dr. in Microbiology at the Biomedical Centre (BMC) at
the University of Uppsala in 1996. She is currently doing post-doctoral research at
IBMP-CNRS in Strasbourg, France.
Anders Granberg, Director and Senior Research Associate, Research Policy Institue,
University of Lund (Fil.Dr. in Sociology, University of Lund, 1988).
Staffan Jacobsson, Professor, Department of Industrial Management and Economics,
Chalmers University of Technology (D Phil in Economics, University of Sussex, 1985,
and docent in Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, 1990).
Joakim Philipson received his M.Sc. from Chalmers University of Technology in 1992
and is currently working for Ericsson Radio Systems in Stockholm.
Rikard Stankiewicz, Professor of Technology Dynamics, Department of Industrial
Economics and Strategy, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Formerly Associate Professor, Research Policy Institute, University of Lund (Fil.Dr. in
Sociology, 1980, and Docent in R&D Management, 1987, University of Lund).
Erol Taymaz, Professor of Economics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkey, and former Research Associate, Industrial Institue for Economic and Social
Research, Stocholm (Ph.D. in Economics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
Ohio, 1989).
