Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 882
Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan
Mohd Hafizi Zohari
Kumaran Kadirgama
Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed
Amir Aziz Editors
Technological
Advancement in
Instrumentation &
Human Engineering
Selected papers from ICMER 2021
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume 882
SeriesEditors
LeopoldoAngrisani,DepartmentofElectricalandInformationTechnologiesEngineering,UniversityofNapoli
FedericoII,Naples,Italy
MarcoArteaga,DepartamentdeControlyRobótica,UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico,Coyoacán,
Mexico
BijayaKetanPanigrahi,ElectricalEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi,NewDelhi,Delhi,India
SamarjitChakraborty,FakultätfürElektrotechnikundInformationstechnik,TUMünchen,Munich,Germany
JimingChen,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China
ShanbenChen,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai,China
TanKayChen,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,NationalUniversityofSingapore,
Singapore,Singapore
RüdigerDillmann,HumanoidsandIntelligentSystemsLaboratory,KarlsruheInstituteforTechnology,
Karlsruhe,Germany
HaibinDuan,BeijingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics,Beijing,China
GianluigiFerrari,UniversitàdiParma,Parma,Italy
ManuelFerre,CentreforAutomationandRoboticsCAR(UPM-CSIC),UniversidadPolitécnicadeMadrid,
Madrid,Spain
SandraHirche,DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandInformationScience,TechnischeUniversität
München,Munich,Germany
FaryarJabbari,DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,
USA
LiminJia,StateKeyLaboratoryofRailTrafficControlandSafety,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing,China
JanuszKacprzyk,SystemsResearchInstitute,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland
AlaaKhamis,GermanUniversityinEgyptElTagamoaElKhames,NewCairoCity,Egypt
TorstenKroeger,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA,USA
YongLi,HunanUniversity,Changsha,Hunan,China
QilianLiang,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,UniversityofTexasatArlington,Arlington,TX,USA
FerranMartín,Departamentd’EnginyeriaElectrònica,UniversitatAutònomadeBarcelona,Bellaterra,
Barcelona,Spain
TanCherMing,CollegeofEngineering,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore,Singapore
WolfgangMinker,InstituteofInformationTechnology,UniversityofUlm,Ulm,Germany
PradeepMisra,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,WrightStateUniversity,Dayton,OH,USA
SebastianMöller,QualityandUsabilityLaboratory,TUBerlin,Berlin,Germany
SubhasMukhopadhyay,SchoolofEngineering&AdvancedTechnology,MasseyUniversity,
PalmerstonNorth,Manawatu-Wanganui,NewZealand
Cun-ZhengNing,ElectricalEngineering,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ,USA
ToyoakiNishida,GraduateSchoolofInformatics,KyotoUniversity,Kyoto,Japan
LucaOneto,DepartmentofInformatics,Bioengineering.,Robotics,UniversityofGenova,Genova,Genova,Italy
FedericaPascucci,DipartimentodiIngegneria,UniversitàdegliStudi“RomaTre”,Rome,Italy
YongQin,StateKeyLaboratoryofRailTrafficControlandSafety,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing,China
GanWoonSeng,SchoolofElectrical&ElectronicEngineering,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,
Singapore,Singapore
JoachimSpeidel,InstituteofTelecommunications,UniversitätStuttgart,Stuttgart,Germany
GermanoVeiga,CampusdaFEUP,INESCPorto,Porto,Portugal
HaitaoWu,AcademyofOpto-electronics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China
WalterZamboni,DIEM-UniversitàdeglistudidiSalerno,Fisciano,Salerno,Italy
JunjieJamesZhang,Charlotte,NC,USA
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Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan
(cid:129)
fi
Mohd Ha zi Zohari Kumaran Kadirgama
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed
(cid:129)
Amir Aziz
Editors
Technological Advancement
in Instrumentation & Human
Engineering
Selected papers from ICMER 2021
123
Editors
MohdHasnun ArifHassan MohdHafizi Zohari
Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive
Engineering Technology Engineering Technology
Universiti Malaysia Pahang Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Pekan,Pahang,Malaysia Pekan,Malaysia
Kumaran Kadirgama NikAbdullah NikMohamed
Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive
Engineering Technology Engineering Technology
Universiti Malaysia Pahang Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Pekan,Malaysia Pekan,Malaysia
Amir Aziz
Faculty of MechanicalandAutomotive
Engineering Technology
Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Pekan,Malaysia
ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Electrical Engineering
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Foreword
Research in the Mechanical Engineering field has evolved into becoming a mul-
tidisciplinary field that isnot only focusing on Mechanical Engineering per se,but
also integrating knowledge in electronics, instrumentation, programming, signal
processing,materialsscience,andsoon.Thisisduetothefactthatthesolutiontoa
problem nowadays does not only rely on a single discipline approach, but often
requires an integration with other disciplines. Take a car for example, a purely
mechanical system in the past has now been highly integrated with electronics,
control system, artificial intelligence, and so on that results in only 50% or less
componentsinacarbeingpurelymechanical.Thisisjustoneofmanyexamplesof
what was then a purely mechanical system, now has evolved into an integrated
system that involves other disciplines.
Technological Advancement in Instrumentation & Human Engineering gathers
selected papers presented in the International Conference on Mechanical
Engineering Research 2021 (ICMER 2021) that covers topics related to human
engineering, instrumentation, materials, modelling and simulation, and signal
processing. This proceeding book symbolizes the multidisciplinary Mechanical
Engineering research has evolved into. It is hoped that this book will promote
multidisciplinary research in the Mechanical Engineering field towards a more
efficientandcomprehensivesolutiontoaproblemathand.Asawisemanwhogoes
bythenameofIsaacNewtononcesaid,“IfIhaveseenfurther,itisbystandingon
the shoulders of giants”.
Regards,
Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan
Corresponding Editor
vii
Contents
Human Engineering
Driving Data Analysis for the Development of Kuala Terengganu
Driving Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
I. N. Anida, J. S. Norbakyah, W. N. J. H. W. Yussof, P. Walker,
and A. R. Salisa
Investigation on Lane Changing Manoeuvres of an Autonomous
Vehicle by Using Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Proportional-
Integral-Derivative Control (PID) for Steer-by-Wire (SBW) System . . . 15
P. M. Heerwan, N. E. Z. Mohamad, M. A. Zakaria, M. I. Ishak,
and S. M. Asyraf
Improvement of Brake Response Time on Trailing Vehicle:
A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Norrizal Mustaffa, Syabillah Sulaiman, Fathul Hakim Zulkifli,
Khairu Kamarudin, and Shaiful Rizal Masrol
The Validity of Football Skills Test for 12-Year-Old Male Players . . . . 41
Adjah Naqkiah Mazlan, Mohd Hairul Azam Mesnan,
Mohamad Rasidi Pairan, and Mohd Hizwan Mohd Hisham
Factors Contributing to the Pedal Error or Pedal Misplacement
Among Malaysian Car Drivers: A Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Mohamad Zairi Baharom, Zulkifli Ahmad, Nursya Mimie Ayuny Ismail,
Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, Juffrizal Karjanto,
and Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim
Preliminary Study on the Influence of Boot Studs on Rugby Players’
Sprinting Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Sharul Hadi Turiman, Zulkifli Ahmad, and Nasrul Hadi Johari
ix
x Contents
Ergonomic Chair Design in Minimizing MSD Chassis Assembly
Workers Complaints Using Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD). . . 73
Nelfiyanti, Nik Mohamed, M. F. F. A. Rashid, and Chon Chin Seik
ARackandPinionIntegratedMechanismforGymForearmMachine
Power Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Ammar A. M. Al-Talib, Ain Atiqa, and Lih Jing Soo
Drowsiness Detection for Safe Driving Using PERCLOS
and YOLOv2 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Ngo Kah Lock, Weng Mun Ng, Norrabiatul Adawiyah Jusoh,
Nazhatul Hafizah Kamarudin, Rizauddin Ramli, and Zuliani Zulkoffli
A Study of the Effect of Industrial 4.0 on Improving the
Manufacturing Performance: A Case Study in Miri and Bintulu. . . . . . 113
Mohd Adzrie, Brandon Chagat, Radhika Lahei Arechinan, Sri Tharunan
Naidu, and Umar Abdul Karim
Instrumentation
Design and Fabrication of Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
Hydroponic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
MohdRafiuddinRozilan,AnaSyahidahMohdRodzi,AhmadFaizZubair,
Abdul Rahman Hemdi, Rasdi Deraman, and Nor Diyana Md Sin
PerformanceofFoodDehydrator Using Different Type of Distributor
Base Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Muhamad Hakimi Mokhtar, Muhamad Helmi Ashraf Termizi,
A. S. M. Yudin, and A. Alias
Comparing Industry Training Using Virtual Reality Against
Conventional Training: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Christian Stark, Salome Wiener, and Jeng Feng Chin
IoT Enabled Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Floormat. . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Chong Lye Lim, Hashwinni Rajaretnam, Sarina Tajudin,
and Mohammed W. Muhieldeen
Dynamic Modelling of Drone Systems Using Data-Driven
Identification Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Osama Yaser Osman Suliman, Ir. Fahri Heltha, Ts. Muhamad Faliq,
and Aulia Rahman
Design of Intelligent Mixer Machine for Food Applications. . . . . . . . . . 213
A. S. F. Mahamude, D. Ramasamy, W. S. W. Harun, K. Kadirgama,
J. Mogan, Suhelmy Azhar Bin Said, and Kaniz Farhana
Temperature Profile of Mixed Mode Solar Cabinet Coconut Dryer. . . . 231
KeithYvonneB.Diez,JaoPhilipA.Yap,andCresencioP.GenobiagonJr.
Contents xi
Performance of Solar Cabinet Dryer Utilizing Thermosyphon
Water Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Cresencio P. Genobiagon Jr.
Development of Small-Scale PETE Plastic Bottle Shredder with
Electronic Sensor Controls for Cap Separation: Basis for Reverse
Vending Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Alec Christian M. Cervantes, Ace Vann Cardiff T. Aleria,
Christian Carlo B. Taer, and Cresencio Jr. P. Genobiagon
Design of Flora Inspired Savonius Wind Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Apple Jee P. Ladao and Delan S. Bacus
Arduino-Based Electronic Bicycle Transmission Switching System . . . . 275
Lance Gabriel M. Atencio, John Stephen E. Cena, Ian U. Opalla,
and Randy E. Angelia
A Review on the Bolted Flange Looseness Detection Method. . . . . . . . . 287
Mohd Padzly Radzi and Mohd Hafizi Zohari
Pedestrian Lane Control System with Alert System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Emmanuel V. Galang, Noel R. Portillo, and Jetron J. Adtoon
Design and Analysis of 6 Degree of Freedom Robotic
Whiteboard Cleaner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Mark Ryan M. Estrera and Cresencio P. Genobiagon
Materials
Study on Mangrove Barks Activated Carbon (MBAC) for Fibre
Reinforce Plastic (FRP) Rehabilitation Pile Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Z. Salleh and T. M. I. A. T. Mazlan
Preliminary Tensile Investigation of FDM Printed PLA/Coconut
Wood Composite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
J. Kananathan, K. Rajan, M. Samykano, K. Kadirgama, K. Moorthy,
and M. M. Rahman
Preliminary Tensile Investigation of FDM Printed
PLA/Copper Composite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
A. Kottasamy, K. Rajan, M. Samykano, K. Kadirgama, K. Moorthy,
and M. M. Rahman
ANarrativeReview:BambooFiberasanAlternativeSourceforPulp
and Paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
MohdFaizalEsa,NorMazlanaMain,MohdNazrulRoslan,NorainiMarsi,
Khairu Kamarudin, and Latifah Jasmani
