Table Of ContentGuangfu Tang · Yifeng Cai ·
Rongbing Gan · Yaodong Zhao
Techniques
and System Design
of Radar Active
Jamming
Techniques and System Design of Radar Active
Jamming
· · ·
Guangfu Tang Yifeng Cai Rongbing Gan
Yaodong Zhao
Techniques and System
Design of Radar Active
Jamming
Guangfu Tang Yifeng Cai
Xihua University Southwest China Research Institute
Chengdu, Sichuan, China of Electronic Equipment
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Rongbing Gan
Southwest China Research Institute Yaodong Zhao
of Electronic Equipment Southwest China Research Institute
Chengdu, Sichuan, China of Electronic Equipment
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ISBN 978-981-19-9943-7 ISBN 978-981-19-9944-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9944-4
Jointly published with National Defense Industry Press
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Preface
In 2014, Dr. Laizhao Hu proclaimed good news to everyone that academician Xiaoniu
Yang and researcher Jian Meng were leading the writing of a series of books on
electronic warfare. Upon hearing this news, we were all much excited. For a long
time, electronic warfare-related books were rather fragmented, and there was a lack of
systematic introduction of electronic warfare-related technologies. We felt honored
to be involved in the writing of this series. But at the same time, we also felt pressured
because it is not easy to write a good book and much of the content was previously
lacking in refinement, lest there be something inappropriate to mislead readers and
bring negative impact to the industry. Eventually, with the encouragement of our
colleagues, we started, and on top of that, we had a large intellectual collective that
provided suggestions for the book to be better completed.
Before writing this book, we summarized the existing electronic warfare-related
books, especially those related to radar countermeasures. The previous books mainly
introduced the basics of electronic warfare, such as EW 101: A First Course in
Electronic Warfare by David Adamy, translated by Wang Yan; Principles of Radar
Countermeasures by Prof. Zhao Guoqing, and Introduction to Modern Electronic
Warfare Systems by Andrea De Martino, translated by Jiang Daoan, etc., which
provided a good explanation of the basics of electronic warfare but lacked guidance
for practitioners on how to design jamming systems. Therefore, considering that the
content of the book should be as rich as possible, and adding the author’s actual
research field, we chose the research content of the book in the category of “radar
active jamming”. Finally, we decided the title of the book as Techniques and System
Design of Radar Active Jamming.
In the rewriting process, we have referred to several previously published books on
electronic countermeasures, consulted experts in specialized fields such as antennas,
receivers, jamming sources, transmitters, and system control, and combined our
understanding from practical work. From their perspective, designers or ongoing
ones, this book seeks to know about radar active jamming techniques and system
design. Positioned as a guide for designers of radar active jamming systems, the
book is divided into ten chapters starting from basic concepts and focusing on the
v
vi Preface
description of requirements analysis, key indicators, and design methods for radar
jamming system design and each subsystem design.
Chapter 1 introduces the concepts related to radar jamming. Based on the basic
concepts, combined with the author’s understanding, the author analyzes the related
concepts, introduces the typical applications of radar active jamming systems, as
well as briefly reviews the development of radar jamming.
Chapter 2 introduces the principle of radar active jamming technology. The author
introduces the principle of radar detection and radar jamming, gives a mathematical
model description of multi-false target, and summarizes the latest radar anti-jamming
and jamming technologies.
Chapter 3 mainly focuses on the overall design method of radar active jamming
system, which includes the basic concept of radar jamming system, design process,
design requirement analysis, overall scheme design, design of key technical indica-
tors and engineering design principles, etc. Finally, it introduces the typical radar
active jamming systems and its development trends.
Chapters 4–8 respectively introduce the design of antennas, receivers, jamming
sources, transmitters and system control extensions, and introduce their requirements
analysis, design, index calculations, development trends, etc.
Chapter 9 introduces the relevant theories and methods of radar jamming effect
evaluation which mainly includes the role of jamming effect evaluation, evaluation
criteria, evaluation indicators along with evaluation methods.
Chapter 10 introduces the frontier technology of radar and radar active jamming.
The author introduces the development of radar technology and the development of
radar jamming technology, respectively.
Researcher Gan Rongbing planned and arranged the content of the book and
wrote Chaps. 1, 5, and 8. Senior engineer Zhao Yaodong is responsible for the draft
of this book and wrote Chaps. 3 and 6. Dr. Tang Guangfu from Xihua University
wrote Chaps. 2, 9, and 10. Senior engineer Lan Zhu wrote Chap. 4. Professor Guan
Zhaohui wrote Chap. 7.
The writing of this book was carried out under the unified deployment of academi-
cian Yang Xiaoniu and researcher Meng Jian. During the writing, we have received
guidance from senior experts in electronic warfare, academician Zhang Xixiang, Dr.
Hu Laizhao, and researcher Yi Zhenghong, receiver technology expert He Weiguo,
antenna technology expert Tang Yimin, senior engineer Hou Lingli, signal processing
expert Wang Dazhao as well as other experts, and we have received the enthusiastic
help from leaders and peers such as editor Wang Xiaoguang of National Defense
Science and Technology Press and Hua Yun, Gu Jie, He Juncen, Liu Jiang, Xiao
Xia of Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Control. The content of the book
involves some of the research achievements of colleagues such as Zheng Kun, Chang
Jindan, An Hong, Yang Li, Gao Youbing, Shi Xiaowei, Wu Guangjie, Xu Wang as
well as others. Master Yuan Rufang collected and processed a large amount of infor-
mation during the writing of this book. Thank them for their help in writing and
publishing this book.
Preface vii
Due to the limited level and experience of the authors, there are inevitably some
improprieties or errors in the book, and relevant experts and readers are welcome to
criticize and correct.
Chengdu, China Guangfu Tang
May 2019 Yifeng Cai
Rongbing Gan
Yaodong Zhao
Translators’ Note
In January 2020, this book was first published in China and was given a high eval-
uation by peers in the field of radar active jamming. To make this book a reference
for more peers around the world, the writing group of this book decided to translate
this book into English for publication.
Dr. Guangfu Tang from Xihua University, as one of the authors of the original
book, translated Chaps. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10, as well as drafted the translation
of the entire book. Dr. Yi feng Cai translated Chaps. 1, 5, and 8. The authors of
the original book, Dr. Rongbing Gan and Dr. Yaodong Zhao, have provided many
valuable suggestions and guidance on the translation of this book. Two graduate
students of Xihua University, Zhu Shu and Zhou Yunchun, have also provided a lot
of help in the translation of the book.
Due to the limited level of translators, there are inevitably some improprieties in
this book. We urge peers to criticize and correct.
Translators
September 2022
ix
Contents
1 Summary of Radar Jamming ................................... 1
1.1 Basic Concept ........................................... 1
1.1.1 Basic Concept of Electronic Warfare ................. 1
1.1.2 Basic Concept of Radar Jamming ................... 3
1.2 Role of Radar Jamming in the Military Struggle .............. 4
1.2.1 Role in the Air Force Penetration .................... 5
1.2.2 Role in the Warship Defense ....................... 7
1.2.3 Role in the Air Defense for Strategic Points ........... 8
1.2.4 The Development History of Radar Jamming ......... 10
1.2.5 Radar Jamming from 1941 to 1945 .................. 10
1.2.6 Radar Jamming from 1946 to 1990 .................. 11
1.2.7 Radar Jamming from 1991 to the Present ............. 12
References .................................................... 13
2 Principle of Radar Active Jamming Technology .................. 15
2.1 Basic Principles of Radar Detection ......................... 15
2.1.1 The Physical Model of Radar Detection .............. 16
2.1.2 Radar Equation ................................... 22
2.1.3 Radar Technology ................................ 23
2.1.4 Typical Technology of Radar Anti-jamming .......... 33
2.2 Model of Radar Jamming .................................. 40
2.3 Equation of Radar Jamming ............................... 43
2.4 Principle of Radar Active Suppression Jamming .............. 45
2.4.1 Noise Blanket Jamming ............................ 46
2.4.2 Multi-false Target Blanket Jamming ................. 48
2.5 The Principle of Radar Active Deception Jamming ............ 49
2.5.1 Range Deception Jamming ......................... 49
2.5.2 Velocity Deception Jamming ....................... 50
2.5.3 Angle Deception Jamming ......................... 51
2.5.4 Multi-parameter Deception Jamming ................ 52
References .................................................... 53
xi
xii Contents
3 System Design of Radar Active Jamming ........................ 55
3.1 Overview of Radar Active Jamming System .................. 56
3.1.1 Information Model ................................ 56
3.1.2 Basic Composition ................................ 58
3.1.3 Processing Flow .................................. 62
3.1.4 Technical Indicators ............................... 66
3.2 Design Criterias of Radar Active Jamming System ............ 68
3.3 Design Process of Radar Active Jamming System ............. 71
3.4 Design Method of Radar Active Jamming System ............. 72
3.4.1 Requirement Analysis from Radar ................... 72
3.4.2 Requirement Analysis from Operation ............... 80
3.4.3 System Modeling and Capability Analysis ............ 88
3.4.4 Selection of Key Technology ....................... 93
3.4.5 Design and Decomposition of Key Technical
Indicators ........................................ 105
3.4.6 Engineering and Product Design .................... 113
3.5 Typical Radar Active Jamming Systems ..................... 119
3.5.1 Airborne Electronic Jamming Pods .................. 119
3.5.2 Airborne Self-protection Jammers ................... 121
3.5.3 Naval Radar Active Jamming Systems ............... 122
3.5.4 Ground-Based Radar Active Jamming Systems ....... 123
3.5.5 Airborne and Outboard Active Radar Decoys ......... 125
3.6 Development Trend of Radar Active Jamming System ......... 127
3.6.1 Distribution and Cooperation ....................... 127
3.6.2 Intelligentization ................................. 128
3.6.3 Miniaturization ................................... 129
3.6.4 Synthesis and Reconfigurable ....................... 130
3.6.5 High-Power and Precision Control .................. 130
References .................................................... 131
4 Antennas of Radar Jamming System ............................ 137
4.1 Technical Indicators of Antenna ............................ 137
4.1.1 Directionality and Antenna Pattern .................. 138
4.1.2 Beamwidth of Antenna ............................ 139
4.1.3 Gain of Antenna .................................. 140
4.1.4 Efficiency of Antenna ............................. 142
4.1.5 Bandwidth of Antenna ............................. 142
4.1.6 Polarization of Antenna ............................ 143
4.1.7 Impedance of Antenna ............................. 144
4.1.8 SWR of Antenna ................................. 144
4.2 Requirements Analysis of Antenna ......................... 145
4.2.1 Working Frequency Range and Bandwidth
Requirements .................................... 146
