Table Of Content—
Con(r.Univ.MichiganHerb.25:235-239.2007.
TAXONOMICANDNOMENCLATURALCHANGESIN
AMERICANEUPHORBIACEAESENSULATO
GradyL.Webster'
Herbarium,SectionofPlantBiology
UniversityofCalifornia,Davis95616
Abstract. NamechangesofspeciesingeneraofEuphorbiaceaesensulatoaffectedbyrevisionsof
generaandsupragenerictaxaaredocumented.ThegenusRevenhonia(Phyllanthoideae-Phyllanlheac)is
reducedtoasectionofPhyllanthus,andanewname,Phyllantlniswamockn,isprovidedforReverchonia
arenarki.IntheAcalyphoideae-Plukenetieae,thegenusBiaisrecognizedasseparatefromTragia.withtwo
sections,BiaandZuckertia;severalnewcombinationsareproposed:Biacordala,B.falla.x,andB.fendleri.
IntheCrotonoideae-Codiaeae,^/Jomfl/ocfl/v-visreducedtoasynonymofDodecastigma.anditssingle
speciesisnownamedDodecastigmaiileana.IntheEuphorbioideae-Hureae,Tetraplandraisaccommo-
datedinAlgernoniaassubgenusTetraplandra,andthespeciesaretransferredtoAlgenwnia:Algernonia
amazonica.A.hahiensis,A.dimitrii,A.kuhhnamui,A.leandrii,andA.riedelii.
DuringareviewofthegeneraandsupragenerictaxaofEuphorbiaceaesensu
lato ithas become evidentthat a large numberoftaxonomicandnomenclatural
changesarenecessary.Thesechanges,whichincludeboththerelegationandresur-
rectionofgenera,necessitatenewcombinationsornewnamesforspeciesinsomeof
thegeneraaffected.ThesequenceofgenerafollowsthatofWebster(1994).
Phyllanthoideae-Phyllantheae
PhyllanthussectionReverchonia(A.Gray) G.L.Webster,stat.nov.Reverchonia
A.Gray,Proc.Amer.Acad.Arts16:107.1880. Type:Reverchoniaarenaria
A.Gray[^PhyllanthuswarnockiiG.L.Webster].
InhisdescriptionofReverchonia,Gray(1880)noted"Therelationshipofthis
planttoPhyllanthusissoclosethatwereitnotforacombinationofcharacters,it
mightbetakenforaberrantPhyllanthus:''JohnstonandWarnock(1963)wereem-
phaticinquestioningitsgenericdistinctness.Inthesameyear,WebsterandMiller
(1963)publishedadetailedstudyofReverchoniaandnotedanumberofmorphologi-
calsimilaritiestoPhyllanthus.Wepointedoutinparticularthatthebasicchromo-
somenumberof8suggestedanaffinitywithPhyllanthussubg.Isocladus.Although
Ipreviously(Webster1994)maintainedReverchoniaasdistinct,because"itwould
appearexcessivelyforeignifplacedinthatgenus,"furtherconsiderationleadsmeto
concludethatmaintainingitasadistinctgenuswouldmakePhyllanthusevenmore
paraphyleticthan italreadyis.Inaddition,molecularphylogeneticstudiesclearly
demonstrate that Reverchonia isnested within Phyllanthus (Kathriarachchi et al.
2005;Katriarachchietal.2006).
Phyllanthus warnockii G. L. Webster, nom. nov. Reverchonia arenaria A. Gray.
Proc. Amer.Acad. Arts 16: 107. 1880, non Phyllanthus arenarius Beille,
1927.—Type:U.S.A.Texas:BaylorCo.,Sep1879,Reverchon876(lectotype,
designatedbyWebsterandMiller,1963:GH;isolectotypes:F,MO).
'ThemanuscriptforthisarticlewasfoundamongunpublishedworkbythelateGradyWebster;it
wasrevisedandsubmittedforpublicationbyVictorW.Sleinmann.
235
236 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
ItisappropriatetonamethisspeciesinhonorofBartonWarnock(1911-1998),
anoutstandingauthorityontheplantsoftheTexasBigBendcountry,whodoubtless
wasfamiliarwiththespeciesduringhisdecadesofbotanicalrambling.
Acalyphoideae-Plukenetieae
BiaKlotzsch,Arch.Naturg.7(1):189.1841.—Type:BiasellowianaKlotzschexBaill.
[-BidalienataDidr.J.
This neotropicalgenusoffivespecies,although not recognized asgenerically
distinctfrom TragiabyPaxand Hoffmann(1919)orrecentauthors(e.g.,Miilgara
deRomero&GutierrezdeSanguinetti 1989),appearsdistinctinitslargerstamen
number (8-40) and distinctive bifurcate inllorescences with staminate and pistil-
late llowersondifferentaxes.Furthermore,apreliminaryanalysisbasedon DNA
sequencedatasuggeststhatBia,asrepresentedbyT.fa[laxMiill.Arg.,isnotsister
totheremainingspeciesofTragiaincluded(Wurdacketal.2005).Iproposetwosec-
tionsthataredistinguishedonthebasisofdifferencesinthestaminateflowerand
pollenmorphology(seeGillespie 1994);oneoccursinSouthAmericaandtheother
inMexicoandCentralAmerica.
I.BiasectionBia.—Type:BiasellowianaKlotzschexBaill.[=BiaalieiiauiDidr.].
Staminateflowerswithadissecteddisk;stamens8-20,anthersmuticous;pollen
spheroidaltoellipsoid-spheroidal,inaperturate;SouthAmerica.
1.BiaalienataDidr.,Kjob.Vidensk.Meddel.(1857):131.1857.Tragiaalienata(Didr.)
Mulgara& Gutierrez,Candollea46:523. 1991.—Type:Bra/ii.SaoPaulo:
Hytu[Itu],Feb1834,Lunds.n.(holotype:C).
BiasellowianaKlotzschexBaill.,EtudeGen.Euphorb.502.1858.Tragiasellowi-
ana(KlotzschexBaill.) Mull.Arg.,Linnaea34: 178. 1865.—Type:Brazil.
RiodeJaneiro:Sellows.n.(lectotype,heredesignated:G).
Although Tragiasellowianahasbeengenerallyusedasthenameforthisspe-
cies,itwaspublishedbyKlotzschasanomcnnudum,andBaillon'svalidationwas
preemptedbytheearliernameofDidrichscn.
2.Biafallax(Mull.Arg.)G.L.Webster,comb.nov.Tragiafalla.xMiill.Arg.,Linnaea
34:179. 1865.—Type:Peru.Pavons.n.(holotype:G).
TragiajapurensisMull.Arg.,Fl.brasil.11(2):404.1874.—Type:Brazil.RioNe-
gro:''adMaribiinditioneJapurensi,"Martinss.n.(holotype:M?).
3.Biafendleri(Miill.Arg.)G.L.Webster,comb.nov.TragiafendleriMull.Arg..Lin-
naea34: 179. 1865.—Type:Venezuela.Aragua:Biscaina,3000feet,Fendler
/2ttS'(holotype:G).
4.BialessertianaBaill.,EtudeGen.Euphorb.502.1858[as"le.sseriana'].Tragiales-
sertiana(Baill.) Mull.Arg.,Linnaea34:178.1865.—Type:Brazil.Without
localityorcollector(holotype:G).
—
2007 WEBSTER:EUPHORBIACEAE 237
II.BiasectionZuckertia(Baill.)G.L.Webster,stat.nov.ZuckertiaBail!.,EtudeGen.
Euphorb.495. 1858. Tragia section Zuckertia (Baill.) Miill.Arg.,Linnaea
34: 178. 1865.—Type:Zuckertia cordata Baill. [=Bia cordata (Baill.) G. L.
Webster].
Staminateflowerswithoutadisk;stamens30-40,anthersapiculate;pollenoblate-
spheroidal,tricolpate;CentralAmericaandMexico.
5.Biacordata(Baill.)G.L.Webster,comb.nov.ZuckertiacordataBaill.,EtudeGen.
Euphorb.496,t.10,figs.10-13.1858.TragiabaillonianaMiill.Arg.,Linnaea
34:178.1865.—Type:Mexico.Tabasco:Teapa,Lindens.n.(holotype:P).
Crotonoideae-Codiaeae
DodecastigmaDucke,Notizbl.Bot.Gart.BerlinU:343.1932.—Type:Dodecastignui
aniazonicumDucke.
AnomalocalyxDucke,Notizbl.Bot.Gart.BerUn 11:344.1932.—Type:Anoma-
localyxuleanus(Pax&K.Hoffm.)Ducke[^Dodecastigmauleanum(Pax&
K.Hoffm.)G.L.Webster].
Ducke (1932,1933) recognizedtwospeciesofDodecastigma:D. amazonicum
DuckeandD.integrifolium(Lanjouw)Lanjouw&Sandwith.Inthesamepublica-
tions,hecreatedthemonotypicgenusArwmalocalyx.Bothgenerawereacceptedby
Secco(1990)inhisthoroughrevisionofSouthAmericanCrotonoideae.InWebster
(1994),Anomalocalyxwasevenplacedinaseparatetribe (Aleuritideae) because
ofitscharacteristicstaminateflowerswithsepalsfusedinthebud;however,further
studyofflowerstructureinCrotonoideaesuggeststhatfusionofstaminatesepals
maywell be a homoplasious character.Although the plants also differ in pubes-
cence,stylarconfiguration,and foliarglands,theyagree in othercharacters (mal-
pighiaceoustrichomes,connatestaminatesepals,numerousstamenswithintrorse
anthers,andwoodycapsularwafls).Anomalocalyxcouldbetreatedasasubgenus
ofDodecastigma,butthereseemslittlepointinrecognizingsubgenerainagenusof
onlythreespecies.
Dodecastigmauleanum(Pax&K.Hoffm.)G.L.Webster,comb.nov.Cumiriauleana
Pax&K.Hoffm.,Pflanzenr.IV.147.XIV.AdditamentumVI(Heft68):51.
1919.
Euphorbioideae-Hureae
Algernonia Baill.,Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, 9: 198. 1858; Etude Gen. Euphorb. 546.
1858. Type:AlgernoniabrasiliensisBaill.
Baillon described Algernonia and Tetraplandra as distinct genera, and both
wererecognizedbyMiiller(1866).Bentham(1878)pointedoutthatthedistinction
betweenthetwogeneramadebyMiillerwasbasedonafictitiousinterpretationof
theandroecium,andinGeneraplantarum (1880),he unequivocallydemoted Tet-
raplandratoasynonymoiAlgernonia.PaxandHoffmann(1912)admittedthatthe
. .
238 CONTR.LNIVERSITYOI MICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
twogenerawereveryclose,butretainedTetraplandraasadistinctgenus,adecision
followedbyEmmerich(1981)inliercriticalrevisionofHureaeinBrazil.Taxonomic
inertia hasso farkept Tetraplandra afloat,and itwasstill maintainedinWebster
(1994).Yet,thereisclearlynosignificantgapbetweenthetwo,anditisnowclearthat
recognitionoftwoseparategeneracannolongerbesupported,althoughIbelieve
thattheywarrantrecognitionassubgenera.
I.AlgernoniasubgenusAlgernonia.
—
Filaments of the stamens free; styles connate halfway or more. Subgenus
Algernoniaincludessixspecie?,:AlgernoniahrasiliensisBaill.,/l.gihhosa(Pax&K.
Hoffm.) Emmerich.A.glazioviiEmmerich,A. ohovata(Mull.Arg.) Mull.Arg.,A.
pardinaCroizat(adubiousspecies),andA.paiilaeEmmerich.
II. Algernonia subgenus Tetraplandra (Baill.) G. L. Webster, stat. nov. Tetrap-
landra Baill.,Ann.Sci.Nat.,ser.4,9:200.1858;EtudeGen.Euphorb.549.
1858.—Type:TetraplandraleandriiBaill.[^Algernonialeandrii(Baill.)G.L.
Webster].
Filamentsofthestamensconnate;stylesconnatelessthanhalfway.—Thesixspe-
ciesofsubgenusTetraplandra^allfromBrazil,areenumeratedbelow.
1.Algernoniaamazonica(Emmerich)G.L.Webster,comb,novTetraplandraamazo-
nieaEmmerich,Arq.Mus.Nac.RiodeJaneiro56:95. 1981
2.Algernoniabahiensis(Emmerich)G.L.Webster,comb.nov.Tetraplandrabahiensis
Emmerich,Arq.Mus.Nac.RiodeJaneiro56:95.1981.
3.Algernoniadimitrii(Emmerich) G.L.Webster,comb.nov. Tetraplandradiniitru
Emmerich,Arq.Mus.Nac.RiodeJaneiro56:96.1981.
4.Algernoniakuhlmannii(Emmerich)G.L.Webster,comb.nov.Tetraplandrakuhl-
manniiEmmerich,Arq.Mus.Nac.RiodeJaneiro56:96.1981
5.Algernonialeandrii(Baill.)G.L.Webster,comb.nov.TetraplandraleandriiBaill..
EtudeGen.Euphorb.550.1858.
6.Algernoniariedelii (Mull.Arg.) G. L.Webster,comb. nov. Tetraplandra riedelii
Miill.Arg.,Fl.bras.11(2):534.1874.
Emmerich(1981)relegatedtoadubiousstatustwospecies.Algernoniapardina
CroizatandTetraplandraanomalaPax&K.Hoffm.Thereappearstobenofurther
evidencetodeterminewhethereithertaxonisaspeciesofAlgernonia.and1have
refrainedfromproposinganewcombinationforTetraplandraanomala.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thefollowingherbariaallowedaccesstotheircollections:C.F,G,GH,M.MO,P.
(ThispaperwaspreparedlorpublicationbyVictorSteinmann.whothanksananonymousreferee
forathortnighreviewoftheoriginalmanuscript,andPaulBerry.LynnGillespie,PetraHoffmann,and
KennethWurdackfortheircommentsandsuggestions.]
2007 WEBSTER:EUPHORBIACEAE 239
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