Taking Place: Rebar's absurd tactics in generous urbanism

19 Pages·2010·1.97 MB·English

InsurgePnutb liScp ace
Guerruirlblaan ainsdmt hree making
ofc ontempocriatriye s
EditbeydJ effrHeoyu
I �
��o�;!�n��:up
LONDON AND NEW YORK
x Noteosn c ontributors
SawakOon oi sPo rfesosfoL ran dcsapAer hctietcuer atC hibUani evrs.i Hteyr
Preface
reseafriceihlst d h ceul traulh itsoroyfg adre.nS shei ses pieaycli tlnreestiend
thoepe nimnegch naisomfgs a drenwsh,i acehrp irmaiyrle nclo.sH eerdp irnipcal
puibclantsii noclFuldoew er-viinEe dwoai nnWdge Wanta P arLki kTeh is.
AndrePwa siksD riecrto oft hVea nocuvePrub clS ipaecN etowr(kPV SNa) n,on ­
porfoigtr ainztainob aseid nB riistChol umibaT.ri aenda s aantnho rpolotga inds
ubranp lnaernP, ashka wso rkeodn u branis suse,c ommuni-tbysaedr esrehca,
desigannp dl angnp oirjnecitncs i taicoerssCs a nadIano.fr mtainoo nt hVePS N Thiboso ckam et ob eiinnagw ayt hawtas unnoitelkt hset oriaedso- choi,ffno rmal,
canb ef ounadt h tt:w/p/ww.pvsn..c a incrmeentlaa,n yde ptu proselaf cutnisto hayotu a era obutto r eaIdn2. 00 7I,sm ai
DevoGn.P eriiaPs or fesros foA ntohprloogaynd A meircna EtnhiSct duieastt he KnioshaintIdap utt ogetheapr a netlti,l e"Vdra iianotso n tPhulebc iR ealma,tt" h e
UniverosfWi atsyihg nton,a nidF sou ndr/ePreisdeonftt h Aec euqiIasn ittuHtee . 6tCho nferoeftn hcPeea icfRiicmC o mmutnyiD egsniN etwokr,w hipcorhd cued
itsh aeut hoorfs evrleab ooktsh,me o srte cebnetiM negx icAamne ricaanndts h e thiein itasle otf w oriknpgap ersT.h Pe acifRiicmC ommutnyiD eisng Netwroki s
EnvironTmieenyrt Vr:ia d pau,lib shbeydt h Uen iverosfAi rtoiynz Paer ss. al ooseclonyne ctgeodru p ofc ommuint-ybeadsa tcitvsai nssdc ohlsaa roruntdh e
JeannPernzey blisyAs soskciita eP orfesros foI tneridlpiisycnS atruisdea tt hSea n PaciRfmii wch om eeetv etrwyoy easro rs ot oe cxhanagned b datetehp ear ctiocfe
FrnaicscAor tIs ntitautnedE xecuDtirievcreto oft hSean F arncicosB ueraouf commuintdyesi ng.C ocneivbeyTd ac ihGio twoi,t shu ppfoorrmtR andHye st,et rhe
UbranSe craep tusl,bi actr usdoti andt hnikt nakd ediactetdoe pxolirntgh e netwrokw asfo rmlayll anuched in1 99a8ta w orikncgon fenrceaet t hUen ievrsity
mutillpciitoyf u branp astasnd chtairntgh mea inoflfdu rteuosf c it(ihettsp: // ofC aloirfnBiear,ek yef,lol olwedb yc onesquentm eetinignJsp a anT,ai awnH,on g
wwwb.uerauofrubnasecr.eotrsg). KongS,ae ttl,ae nd ChinIaa .m i dnebtetodm yc olelaugesf rmo thnee twofrork
MichaReiloi ssA ssinstPt orafesisnot rhD eep atrmenotfE vnrionmentDaesli gn thienp sriaitnosa nldse osnosv etrh yeea sr einng iangcgii zteannscd om munitiine s
att hUen ievrsoiftC yal oirfnDiaav,iP serv.ui lsoyh,e t uagthi nt hSec oholo f garsosortpsl angna indndes i.gT nhdei csousreo fi nsguernptu ibcsl paccoue lndo t
Archeitctuer andLa ndcsaepA rcheitctuer atT hPee nnyslnviaSat aUtneie vrtsyi, haeve megredw ituhtto hgee nreouss hriang eaxncadhn gsoe fi daesa mongth ose
wheer hew asi nauurgadilr eocftt ohrHe a mreC entfeorrC o mmutnyiD eisgn withitnh nee towrkS.p eicftihcka sng ot o DAabnar mson fors perahaedgi tnhe
form1 99t9o2 007. ograinaztnio oft h2e00 7c onfenrceieQn u nazohut htas onwblaeldi tnot hpiorsj ect.
JameRso jiaassn aotniayr leolcginzeudbr anp lnanerw hoe axmiesnL taiocn utlural Folloiwngth e2 007c onfenrece,I w asi vnitbeydM inJ aKya nga nd other
ifnulenceosn u bradnes ing.Hi isfn uletnilMa assacushetItsnst ieot ufTte hcnoolgy colalgueesa tt hOerg anizaftoriU obrnan R e-(sOU Rst)o l eaadw o rikgng orup as
thseiosn t heLta niob utie lnivornmneth asbe ewni decliyt eFdor.t hpea st patro ft h"eD ot--oIYurseDlesfi,ng inY angmnihsanCh aertrtien"Ta i epiT,ai wan.
egihteeyne aMrr.sR oajsh alsce trueedx tensainvwder liyt tetnh sioubsnj ect. The idgecnsh rarebtortueg tth ogethetref nca ultmye mberasn odv efri fsttdyue tns
Ryoko SisaA stosoci taeP orfesastoE rhi me UniverisniJ tpayan .S het ecahse frodmfi ferueninvte trissei inT aiwna andth Ue nievrsoiftW yas hgitnoTnh.ef ive­
touirsamnd communitdye vpemloenti nt hfeca ultoyfl aawn dlt ierraetH.ue r dy-aworksehxaompni ed ways trtnaofs ormt hfeor mer iAcmnae mirltirayh ouisng
mairne seaitrnecrhe isntcslp uatdrnese hprisb etweuebrna annd rruale aaasrn d qutaerirsnS anziuh,oo noef tlshatge e resnp acients h dee nem setorplosi,it no a
commuintdyev elmoepnwti tfhra mesr'm arkeSthswe.o rkaesdaj uonraliusntti l spafcorec ommuinetsia ncdii etznTsh.ee px erimateinaotnndd si csuisnod uirgnt he
sprin2g0 09. chaertrtteh acte nteornte hde maokfDi o-n-IgoYt ursle(fD IuYbr)a snp acseolsii fdied
JanSnoir enisAses ns instPt orafesris nto hDee pratmeonfGt eo garphayn d tEha r thceon cepotfi snugrenptu lbiscp aacnetd hmeo taitvnit oo ttuhrienin tsieaotlf
Scieesan tct hUen iverosfNi otrtyhC aroilnCah,ra lotSthere.e ceihverPe hDd in 2007c onferpeanpscei ertn o bao ko.
Ubraann Rde iognaPalln ngif nrotmh Ueni verosfIii ltonlsyi, U brana-hCapmaig.n Toe pxantdh sec oopfet hbeo okIi, in teidaa tc alflor p apesrt ot hoosueti sde
Shweo rkweidt thh Eea tss tL.ou siA ctiRoensr ecaPhor jeacttt h Ueni verosfi ty thnee twosrekvr,leao fw hom int urintnor duecdo tehrtsoj iont hciols loarabtive
Iloliisn. efrfotM.ys inctehnraskeg ot oB laMienkreea rn Dda vHiodh ecnhasuw,h omIg otto
EriVcikl lagiosamf eouzn ndgie diotra tr e:plmaacgzeani eH.e aines d uc,a tor knorwe specattti hvDeees liygA nc tivsiysmompsu ima tB erkoegrlaneiyez db yR andy
inpdeenednrte srehcae,ar nddes igwnietrih ne treisnth su masnet tleenmst aalt l Hestaenrtd h 5et Cho nferoeftn hcPeea fciiRci Cmo mmuniDtyes igNnet wrokt hat
sclaeHsi.ps rv iatpear tccieM,e tiDsesi gBnui lidds, ed icattoea d co lloaarbitve Io grainzeidnS eatBtolteph.u mte i nto uchw itthhi erre speccoltailgveeusi e nS an
anedc oogliacylr leosnpsiabplrpoea ctho tdhesei gannc don tsrtuincoo fp alecs. Farnicso acndV anocuve.Tr haed dointacilo ntrihbauevti omremnss ewliyd ednt ehe
PinWua gardautefdrm o thGer aadtuIent siuttoefB iulidnagn Pdal nngi,Nn atoinal beradatnhpd e rspecotfit vhepisors j eWcitt.eh a cnhew autohra nd nepwt ecrh a
Taiawn iUvnieyrt.Ss haesl or eceaim vaetsde rd'egrse iePn u bPloliyica c ndU bran thattle lass t ofrorym a d fiferseoinclata ncdu ltrulac ontewxeft ur,t heatrrci ulate
PlainnnagtH avrardU niveyr.Ss hileti kteows al akor unidnt hceti yo,bs evrea,n d ancda prteu wtihde-ae rnggii nntsnaecso fi snurgepnubti lcsp aicne itcnhreei anysg l
enjloiyif nteh peu lbcis paces. itneorncenctgeodlb avllig laes.Ia m agtfrelut ot hceon rtbiuitnagut horwsh,o se
xii Preface
itnenpsases iaonnid tn ereisntt h weo rko fi snugrenptu ibcls pachea kse ptth is CHAPTE1R
porjegcoitn Igh .o pteh bioso ikos n ylt hbeeg innoifon ugcr ol loaarbitno.
Theraeer m ayno thienriid vdluasan idnt sitnustti hoawter aelo c siritacilnm aikng
(Noyto)u erv erypduabyl sipca ce
thibso oak r eltaiyS.p ecaillf,yti hcbeo ockou lndo hta veb eecnom plteewdi htout
thJeoh nstona/tsiHnsPg ubclaoitniS uppforrottm h Ceol elgoef B uiElvntoi rnmenst
att hUen iverosfWi atsyh itnognin S etaltIet .hn akD enaD aineFlird emafnor h is
genoesirtayn dsu ppoofrt th piosrj ecIat m.a sloi nedbtetdoM akr Frnacisa nd JeffrHeoyu
SegroiP alrlonewih oa sstiesmde e arylo ni nse enkgfi unidnsgu ppfoorrt tih psor ject.
Duirntgh mea yny eaorfts e cahianttg h Uen iveorfsW iasthyi tnong,m yc olelaguse
inth Deep atrmeonftL andcsapAer chcitrtueeh aevp orvidde mwei tahne ngiangg
ands upporetniivorvnmee ntth aetn alsbe met op usruteih swo kr.T hanyko u, Witahs ixt-efeosonttta uoefV ladiLemnnis irtn adiinnags trceoertn, e rsala avgde
JoAnneE dawrsd,K irisntHali lJ,lu iJeoh nson,L nyneM anoz,K elylP eagnaoV,i cky rocksetitit nogn toofpa buildian cga-,reti antgor lclar wilnugn dear b ird,g e
Reyelsa,Ri obner tns,oN ancRyo lt,teL uanenS mitBhe,nS penc,De arvSitdr ieeatlfd, Frenmtoi su ndoubteldoyn oef t hmeo setc ecntcrn ieihgbohrodosi nSe taltOen.e
NhonT orunFgr,iW tagzne ,rT haiaWs ayD,a ineWlin teortobtm,a nKde Ynoc om. daiy n2 001t,h nee hiboghroo(d.a k.tah.Cee ntoeftr h Uen iverwseelm)ce ody et
Thiein itamla ncuirspotft hbioso wka cso mplteeddu irnmgy s babactaille aivne aonthaedrtdi inot oi ttsr seuraecdol cltei-oanne g iht-foontgm- eItlopa itgh awtas
Taiwnai fnla 2l0 0I8a .m agtreltf ouP orfesCshoOar- CihnYguf orh otsinmgei nt he aonnymouslpyln ateodna s idelwokave ringth.
DepatrmeonftL andcsapAecr hitecatttu hrCeehu n-gYaunU nievrys.Si pteactlih nask Thpegi b ceamea ni ntsnatc elrteiybN.ei gohsrbw onderewdh ol eifttteh rTeh.e
aslog ot oS hneglEiilajnhC hanagndJ nigyonWgu a tN aotniaTali wnaU niverfsori ty lcoapler sfsol olwetdh nee wfsor m onth-tsr nygti oi deynt thiiefsn tigathoorw( s),
shianrwgi tmhe t heoifrf i(ncaedh uom)rw heer eIdi temda noyft hceh pate-ras thpei wga se recwtiteohdu pter miosns,i athnedwn h yi mty sitoeurvsanliys dht ewo
muchn eederdle fif erohma nvgit ow orko nc orwdedp lasnt,aer isnb, usessub,w ays, monthltsae ,jr utos ned ayb efoirwte a sto b em ovetdoa n ew lcoaotnif ololwnig
anodt hfeorrm osft reua npds eupduobc sl piacdeuisrn mgy t ra.vI emmlenstehn ask complinatbsy s evebruiaslns eso wnse.Irtt ru ndeo utth atthp ei wga st hweo rokf
go Atloxe H ollgisonwtrhm,y e diattoR rou tleadngtdeh ,ae on nymourse viefwoerr s twoa onnymouastr ti.ssT haetr worwka sm eant aanas nt io-nscumeirssmat tem,e nt
reocgniztihvenal gu oeft hwiosr kU.p nor ertinuntgoS etalt,me yr eseaarscsnihs tt a mocikntgh oef fail"cP iigosnP aard,e"a na tra nfdun darsiinegv etnhta ftet aured
SarahF errweatsies nrt mreuntlai n eambsilsntgh feni amla ncuirspatnd i nbi rnging decorpagits eucdpl trueisnm alalndss treoefSt esa ttle.
thpeor jetcott hfeni sihln ieF.or m y owcnha ptienrt hibso okIa, m g artfeult o Plnateodn a p uibcls iwdael,kF renmtop'gis wansoo tn yl sao aclia ndat rsitic
SetlClhaoa anJdo yPcies onnaftnor t hoep proutntiya ndre wradnige pxerieonfc e stamtenetb,u atlo sana ttaocntk h oef fiiapclu ibcls pheer in ctohnet emrpyo ra
worknigw itthhy eou thosft hWeI DL porgarmi nS etalteIt'nesr tninaoaDlit sriacndt ctiyA.l otuhgthh pei dgdi nopth syciayla tlletrh sep aecxeec pftor i tfso potrnits, its
inm aiknmge paat ro ft hceom muin.t y unuatohirzepder sencchela elndg tehe noofrp musbc sl piabcyed efynigt hcei ty's
Thibso oiksa c olclteievferf toI.ti s s paa fcore tuoss heao rusrot rsi,les eosns, reuqiermenfotr dae pospiuta ttrt o ona s iwdael.Ak lotuhgihta stc upaorld ucitno
idaesa,n cdir ctaiple rspecWtiittvhhe bisos.o k iatmnsad yn n arratwievi etnse,nt do dindo itvn olvteh seo -lcdlap eubcpl oricestshw,eo rekn gagtehpde u bctl hriough
inofrmi,nt siagtae,n edn aboltheie snrtn aceosfi snurgepnaltc eamikng. them edai ande verayycd onversaTthroiuognt.hh sep acieto ccupainedtd he
JfefrHeouy, S etalte debatieetsn geenrdeadmo ngn eigohsrbc,i zteinasn,td h mee idat,hp ei rge wneed
thdeic sursiivsnetm reuntliatoyfp ubcsl piaacseaf ormu foro pen cdusissni.Iogt i evs
meangisnt ot hfeul nlo tioofpn Ub ilciitnayp uibcsl pace.
In caiortuinetdsh w eo rladc,ts su cahst hpei ignt slaaltoini nFe rmontr erpesent
smlayle pte sritesncth laelnsga egnatsit hiec neransgiyl reugaletdp,ir avitz,ea dnd
dmiinisnhgfi ormosf p uibcls pacIenP.o ratnldO,re gno,a ctifvrimos tthsge or up
CitRype aiprai tneds trietenetsr ecntsii onbi rghcotlr osa ndp atterannds i,vno vled
neigohsrb inc onvtenirgt hme itnon eigohhrboodg atehrnigp lcaesI.nT aipei,
citifzreunsst wriattrheo dc kneght oiunsgci ossttsga ed "ase leip-n" isnt rteheet s
oft hmeo setpx enisvdesi triinc tc tihtteyo p ortetshtge o evrnemnitan ctni.Io n
LondonS,p aHciej acakg eorrupso ,fs elofcl-ipamerd" ancahirtse",ch tapse ormrfed
numeoruasc tosf" spahcicejki angfo,rm"" GurelrailB enhicng-i"sn atlglb iennhces
in empputbcysl pia-cteot h"eiC crlLeni eP artiy-"nL ondon'Us nderrgoudn i(tlthlye
were stboytp phpeeodl i c.e )
Rahtetrh ainsl otaeidn tsnacetseh,s aec tosfi snugrecnyt rnacsengde ographic
2 Hou your space 3
boundairse andr efltehcerte specstoaiclvis eet tinagnsdi sssu.Ie nc ist firemo speacliit nreest(sHe"n faa fnd Stnrgo 021:03 5).L nadcsapea crhitecstcuhlroea r
Euorpeto A siar,se iudaulbr ans itaends i ndtiuraslla nhdavse b eeonc cpuide and MakrF rnac(i91s8 91:94 )w rit"ePusbl,is cap ciets h ceom mong orunwdhe rcei livtiy
conetvreidtn on ew uessb yc itiaznecdno smm untiieFsrm.o c ota stcooa isnNt o trh and ourc olclteisveeen osfw hat bmeac yal dle 'plunibescsa'er deveolpde and
Amerai,uc brana nsdub ubralna ncdapsesh aevb eeand atpeadn tdr nafsomredb y expre.s"Fs read(s91e9r0 a)gr uset ahta,sa p ublice rsepp,uhl biscp aicasen a erna
new immgairntg oruspt os uppotn rwe funtcioannsad tc iviItnJi aepsas.nub ,u rban ofc itidzicesonru saen das sociioa.nFt urhtermeo,Ir . YoMu.n g(02 02s)e epsu blic
pirvahtoems eh aveb eetnrn afsormdei tno" tihdr placfeoscr"om mutnyai tciivei1st . spea icna ciatysa ccebsltseoi e vernyeo atnhdur se ftlniegac ndem bodnygit he
Frmo SetaltteoS hangchiatiia,ztci eonnr nsag ifnrgmo gadreinntgod ancihnavge dviersiitnth ycet i y.
peramnnetalnytd me poarritlkaye onv eerx insgut brians iesta nidjn ecttehdew mi th Howe,vc eortnrrayt ot hreh teoroifoc pennessa ndic nulsievnsest,h aetc aul
new funtcioannsmd eanings. maikgn andp rtaiecoc fp ubslpiacoc fet reenf lae dcfitf erpeontltiai clr elayia tnd
Thesei ntsnaecso fs e-lmfaduebr an speascr,ce lmaedi anda poppriraetds iest, soicablie assA.ga cnsiik( 20:01 133)n ottehsa bte,f otrheFe r enRceohvl tuio"nt,h e
tepmoaryre venatnsfd,al sh bmsao,sw elalsi nofmralg athenrgpi lcaecsr eabtye d pulibci"nt hWee stetarrdnt iiorne fetrort ehd"e l eirtaatnede d ucateadnd"" wsa
perdominntalmyag riniazelcdom muintsi,he aev porveiddn we exprieosnossft he nevtehro utgohb tet hsema ea st hpeeo p.l"Ee veinnr eceWnets tehsritnro ys,om e
colelctirveleam isn t hceon etmoparyrc iy.tN ol oenrgc onnfeidt ot haecr htepyal havea grude taht",d sepitteh reeh troiocfp uibicltaynd accebsiysl,iit"th oeff iical
cagtoeireosf n eigohhrboopda rksp,u blpilca zaan,dc ivaicrchi tecttuhsreee , pubcsl pihreer esotnsa numebro fs infgiinctea xucislo,nb saseodn g enderc,l sa,s
insurpguebnltsi pca ccehsa lltehncegon ev etninoaclod,fi ide notioonfp ublaindc and rcae( Fsrea1r99 05:9 ). Thed vigiesonifdop enubr l aindc p rivianpt aetr,il c,au r
thmea kionfsg ap ec. habse eanp owfeulri sntmreunotfe xclusaisio rtne leegsw aomtent ot hpeir vate
Whactan w el aernf rmo thseea ctosfe veryadnandyo t-so-erveesrniyecsd?ta ay sphreea nd prevetnhtesfm r mo fluyl patirciinpgai tn pthueb lreilacm( Dcrkuer
Whadto ytr heeveaabolu tth lei tmtaiioannsdp ossiibtsiio lefp ubrleilacmi no ur andG umpetr1 997).By d enleaitnigw hacton tsitteupsub lca indpi rvaatnedb y
coentmpoarrcyi tHyo?wd ot hseei ntsnaecso fi nsguernycc hlaelngec otnhvieeo nntal designatmienmegbsr hitpos epcisfoiacclig orups, otfchfeiip aulb lsipacch ea s
unedrasntdianngdm akionfpg u blsiapcc eH?ow aert hsees peasca nd atciivsei t lonbge eenx ucislornyac,o natrrtyo Y oung'(s2 00n2ot)oi no fa pubslpieact c hat
redneifnaign edx pnaditnhgre lo sef,un tcio,an nds menanigosft hpeu balndit ch e emboidsed fifreencedsd ieavrnys.i t
pordutcioonfs pcaeT?h seea ert hqeu setniso iwtnee ntdoa drdesisnt h bioso k. Asidfer otmh ep rtaiecc ofe cxulsionb,l ispcpeua chasas lob eebno tahn
expsrseioofpn o wearn ads ubjeocftp otliaiclc onotlUr.nd emre divealm oncahry
int hWee stp,u bslpieacw c asw herpeo tliaiclp owewra ss tgaedd,si plyae,da nd
Publsipca ced:e mocraceyx,c lusiaonnd,
lgeimtiize(dHe nafafn Sdt nrgo2 001.I) nt hteo lttairainas oceiseo tfri ecetmniets ,
politiccoanlt rol
lagrep ubcs lpieascs eravsem itlayirp aradgeor un-dsar awds iplaoyfp ower to
Publsipca chea bse eann i mpotrnatf acoeftc ista inedu branc ultrueI.n c ist ie imepsrcsi tiazsew nelsal s e neimse.I nm odedrenom crasc,ai se tphoew ehra s
aoruntdh weo rdl,u brans pcaessu cahsp alzamsa,r kesttsr,e teetpmsls,e ,a nd sihftteotd h pee pol,ep ubslpicace hsa ev atl satp orvdied lage tiiamtseap cfeo r
ubranp asrh kaevl onbge etnh cee enrtosfc ivlfiiefc o urr bdawnel rle.s Tphreoydv ei portesatnsdd e motnrsiaotn-as ne xpsrsoeino ft hfer eoemdo fs peech.B ustu ch
opptourtnisie fgoart hnegrs,io icazliinrge,ca riteonf,es ltisav,swa elals p rotests freoemd hnaesv ceorm ew ithocuotn sirdbaelsert gugsl aendvg iialnce.I nt he
andd emontsriaotnAssp. ar kasnd pla,zu abrsanop esnp eascp rodveri lefif ermo pos/t11-w 9orlodfh yper-saencsduur rviletliyea ,nn cwe fromosf c ontorli np ublic
deneu sbrand itsriacntsdst crturueedv erylfdi.eaA ysc ivacirchi tteurcet,hy eb ecmoe sapech avec utriadlf ereoemd omfov eemnatn edx prieosansn gder atllityme itdh e
cocltlieevxep srieosonfas c itaysw elals d eposriistoe ofp esronamle moireAss. atciivtsia enmde angisn coonft epmoryap rubslpiac(c seeL eo wa nSdm tih2 005).
pleaswc heeri moptrnath sitroilce aventtesnt dou nfold, psupbealscai erci mbdu e Acrotshsde fi freenctut luarlta rdiito,nt shfeun tcoinasn dm eannigosf p ublic
witihmp otrancto,cl tliemveaen insg b-otohf fiiaacln udn ofifical. speah cave rviasedin gfiincta,li yltlrunasgtti hvea rnygmi eans daenrgde eosfs oacli
Sevrniga sa hvcieloef s oaclir ealtnisohsi,pp ublidscic uorseasn,dp otliilc a anpdo iltaiclco notlIr.rn e cWeenstt edremno rcacsip,e ublsiapcec a ntdh feor mation
exprieos,nps sublsipca icnseo t o nyl pahy isacblo undayra nmda tieasrlent tgHi.e anff ofp ublic hoavpeib neieionmpn o rnttca ompontesn tohfde e mocraptriocc ess.
andSt orng(0 201:3 5)n otet haptub lsipca "cdese ginaetsa ne nesmblofes ocila Thorughp oorpntiutsio efa ssembyal ndp ubdliicscour sepsoi,lt lie cxapsrieosinns
conncetoin,sp oiltlii cntasuittioanndsj ,uc daiilpa rtciecs.Bi"r (l91l8 98:)w rittehtsa thpeub lsiapcc aeer i mpornttia nh oldtihnsegt aatcceo unatblteo i tcsi tiTzheinss .
pubslpieacc c omest o preresetnhtpe u bslpihcea rnepd u lbilfcie" ,af omru,a g orup dsitnitciobne twetehnpe u balnitdch set ahtaebs e eanni mptonarti negdirenitn
atciosnc,h ofooslroc illa aenrinagn,cd o mmognor un"dI .nt hWee stetarrdnto iin, democraptoiilct iBcycs o.n ttri,a cnso nutisrei fnulenedcb yC onfnuicisiamtn h Eea ts,
pubslpieach c as ahp aodts iivenn otcaootnti haetvo ktehspe r acotfid ceem oacycr, soicaalnd i nvddiiualfliei dsi tcatpeerdd ominnltabyy o bltiigotanoss t aatndef maiyl,
opennessa,n dpu biltoiyfcd ebatsei ent chtei moeft hGere eakg oar.H enafafnd witlthite lbient wne.Te heo fcfaiilpu blsipcea ctiarsdt iinoayle litnhoenerx- isotre nt
Storng(0 201)fur theargr uteh at vetrhiyeda e ofd eomcaryc isis nepabalrferm o tihgtcloyn otldrlb eyt hset ate.
thaotfp ulbiscp ac"Peu.bl iscp amceea nssi mlutnaeosuloyp:e tnoa ,lw lellk nown A uesflui ltlarutsiiosno -EedTrokay .oU ndetrh relu oef t hTeok ugawas houngate,
bya laln,da cknowdlgdee bya l.l. I.ts.t na disn o pposiiottno p irvastapeec of thcei wtayss paatyldi lviiddb eetweYeanma no(tcneos tinisgo fl agrep raitvees tates
space 5
4 Hem
occpuideb yr nakinogfi fcliisatn huepl nada)n Sdh itam(ahtcech omip acatnd t ihgtly
reugalteqdu taerfrost rh ceom monesri nt hfel laatnIdnS) h.tim aac,hg iatesdt reets
and waterfmraroknetst esr vaesd othnyelr ecnozigablfeor mo fp ublgiacte hrnig
speac.T oe scpaef rotmh gea etdq utaerrasn rde igmenetdp attoefer vne rylfdiea,y
onhea tdo g ot ot hpeel asuerg oruntdhsta l aoyu tstihdoeef fiiaqclu taerrosft he
ci(tiFyg eu1 r1..)
Inm anAysi acni etsip, uibcls pachea sbe esny nyomnouwsi tshp easct hat
aer repsreenntgai nd cotnrlodl beyt hset atIenc. ot nrta tsheev eryadnadmy o er
vbiarntu bralnei t fednst oo ccuirnt h bea cskt reaentadsl ylweayasw,a fyr mo the
ofcfiipaulb ldiocam iSne.o lsu'P imagCoA/ov iHdo-sr-eSrteern)ar,r oawl ylste hat
paarllel ctithhlesis tr oimca in Jroonaogd,-s erravsea ne xamlpe( Fuierg 12.)T.o
aovirde pealtye dbnogtw oit hneo b-lcelpaeospsl reii dnogn h orseosnJ ogn-or,a
reuqiermenbta ciknt he sdo affy uedaplo w,et rhceom monerst urndet ot he back
aelylsa,w ay frmoami rtnodh a.Oev etmrie ,r esutarnatasn sdh osbp egatnoo ccuyp
the baaelyclskw, h icbhe cmaea paarlllu enievrsaen da ni mpornttpa arto ft he
vbirnate vearyylfd iei nth ceiy .t
Thed eveloepnmatn dde sigonfp ubplairckis nA meircpar odvesiy eat nohter
iultslarti,so ohnwnigh owp ublsipcea h calso nbge eann i doelgioclyalb ieadsa nd
reugaletde netrprciosnaetyrt r ot hreh teoroifoc p ennessI.tn h Uen tieSdt atCernsaz,
(918:23 ,5)a gruset haetar lpyar kwse rbeu tif lrolIam na n:-turibainda etlh adtw elt
on ttahrdeti iopnraelps tcirfoionrr le fif ermo theevi losft hcei tyt-htcoeou ntyr.I1
Thee megreneoc fr efoprarmk isnt hUen iteStda fturetsh edre mnostrtahtbeiids a s.
Locaitenmd os tdleysn ei,m maignta rnwdo rnkgic lanseisgb horho,to hdyesw ere
desigdnt eom ovceh ielnad nradd tusfl rmo the st(rCnerzea1 t89s2 .)W itthh geo la
ofs oaclai ndc ulatliut nrergaito,an npdr osviiofnorso rganpilzya,et dhp ear kasnd
Figu1r.e1 P opular Figu1r.e2 S eoul's
wittho uritsotdsa yt,h e
disappeaPriimnagg ol
Asakustae mpldei strict
waso ncea ni mportant
waso nceo neo fE do-era
passagaen dg athering
Tokyop'lse asugrreo unds
spacfeo rc ommoners
thalta oyu tsitdheec ity
andt hec ity's
quartePrhso.t ograbpyh
unoffipcuiballsi pca ce.
Jeffrey Hou.
PhotograbpyJh e ffrey
Hou.
palyrogundwse raesl od esginde toa ssmiitleai mmiagntrsi tnot eh manits.eram
Amerni ccualrte(u Crnaz1 892.)T od,aa ylthomuulgithcl utrauilsims m oer Widely
acknowleeddt,gh hei tsorbiicac so nntusie,a sL o,wT apl,ia nndS cihde( 02054:)
fonudt haIrtIe strmiacntaigveem eofnl tag rep asr hkacsr eaatneid cn raesnigyl
ihnosiptbalev rioenmnenfto irm maigntsr,lc oale tnhigcor upsa,n cdu latlludyvr ierse
behavoisr1.IO besrnvgih ow differecnutlra tlguo ruspu est hneei gbhorohdop arks
inL oAsn gleesL,ou aktiou-Seird(is19 959:0 w)r �tteahstc ,o nartyrt ot hne otoin
ofi ncvlenuess,sti h"ec notepmoarrAym eiracnn eigbhorohodp arkd osen oatwl ays
meetth neee dosf a lslem gentosf tphubecl .Ii1
6 JeffrHeoyu your 7
Erosioofnp ublsipca caen dp ublilci fe porpret,ty hfeor matoifpo unb slphiecert htai ast a lrlbou tsa ndi cnliuvsoefa v aertiy
ofd fiferpeunlibtc isse xcdeieny gdflifciul"t B.arbe(r20 01:2 03n)o ttehsa tth e
Itnh lei atteeuro rnp ulbircel ami nre cednectad es,t heer soioannd dec lionfpe ul bic � .
priivzaoatnta incdo mmericiaazltion ohfav est puardcn oeeu "roc mpxl,e utlulse
speaa cnpd ulbilfcieh aevb eean p erdomitnt ahne.mI enT hFea olflP ublMiacn , � ':" :
Sentn( e91929/718)a rgsut ehaptu bllfiiehc ab se cmoea m attoefrf o rmaolbi lgation pulbiscp eai ctnoa o n-edimensniavolen ufeo cron sutmioHne.f ".urh ter :Ithees,
imno dnet rimMeosr.ei mporntt,alt yhei vpaartndep ernsaohlae vt kaenp receenedc "maiilnogfA meraih cassom etmiese natidlt ehmea uilnogfA meircnaC vilis ociety
ovetrh peu balnidc p eirmnsa,oal ss octiybe ecmae slsie tneresitnpe ubdl miact ters anidt psu ib"cl( Bar2b00e1r2: 0 )1.
andm oerd irvebnyp irvaitneetr esatnsdp e rnsaodles rieHse.f ruthesrt attehse,
"unablnaecdp ernsaolflie a nedm ptpyu bcll eii"fa erm anifesitntehdde e dap ubcl i Insurgepnutb liscp acem:o mentarryu pturaensd
speao cfm odearcrnh eicttreuw,i tfhe wo pptounritsi efsoorac ilitn ertaico(nSsne etn everyday struggles
19921/978:1 )6.M oer rceen,tP lutyna(m91 95u)es st hmee tpahoorf" bowilng
aoln"e toc hraactetrhiedz eceil noef c iveincg amgeenitn A meircna soectiy. Gviena ltlh hei tsorliitcma oitniasn dco netmpoarrsyte basc,ik si stt lpilo ssibtloe
Usienvgdi enecsi nd ecreavsoetdte urr untoa,te tndaen icnp ublmieetci n,a gnsd imagianp eu bslpiacc e thaatn idcin lss uiovMpeite?cn h l(e 2l00o3f)fe rismp oarnntt a
memebsrhsii pnta rdtoiinacli voigrcai nzant,sii onlcduinlgbao ru nionasn cdh uchr agrumentth atthm ea ikgno fp ubslpieaca c nidt asss oceida tformea endodp ensnse
gorupsh,ea gruest hastu cdhec ilnuend erimnste hweo rnkgi doefom cra(Pcunyt am awlays urieesrvq giainleca nd atcionHse.w r ties",[ Tiheda e ofp ubslpicace h]a s
1995.) nevbeere gnu aantree.Id hta osn ylb eewnon t horugcho cnertsetgdrg u"l( eMitclh el
Int hleat fs ewd ecaedsa,n umbero fp arctihcaeevsf rutherl nlcgehdeaw haits 200:53 )S.mi iarl,lW yats(o02n0 :67 )a grues",p ucbs lpiea caiwlsa yissn om es esne,
leftp uobfsl apiccie nb othp hyiistclsaa nd iptaoildlcm iensiMoonsstn. o tbla,yt he inas taotfee m eregncen,e vceomrp lteea nadwl aysn etcsot.e"Md ithce(l2l0 :05 3)
gorwnigp iravitzatoifpo unb laiecch asbspe cmoea c ommopna ttaenrednxp erience furtheagrr uset hasttg rgul"eit sh oen ylw ayt hatthr ei gthopt u bslpieacc c anb e
inm any rptoasft hweo rlwdh eerd ownotwnd itsriacswt esl alss ubbuarnl ands maitinandea nodn ylw ayt hastoa cjliu tsiecc anb ea dvanecd.T"o h i,mi itts h orugh
aert rnafsormde itnot hedm meallsa nsdo -lecldaf esltm iavrakeltaepcsT.oe mutlea thaetc ioannspd u rpofsuloe ccupaotnio fas peat chaibtte cmoesp ulbic.
succeslus brfauns peasco ft hpea snteo,- atdirtniaoslt reepteassnc tado wsnqu aers Toda,ye veansm oera nmdo erp ubslpieacsch aevb ecmoeh eavlirye uglaetd�a nd
aerr peorduced sbeurgtea getdf rmo three sotf tchiteto yc reaats eu popsesda fe pirvatitzheeea drer,a tmtpetsb yi dnviiduaanlcdso mmuntiisae tg eratferre emd.
haevnf osrh opperasn bdu ssisneeWshe.r etahspe h syiacl rmfa ond eaarpnapeco f Thseea ctdse,si ptteh emiorme ntryan atreud,ef yw haSto krni( 9192c)hr aacterizes
thsep eascm ayl oofmka iltiota hrte ar ditniaoplu lbiscp eai cnt hpea stth epiurbc li as "tehneod fp ubcs lpiacIenS. a"Fn r nacsicot,ho rngosfc yclfiorsmCt rsi atlMi acss
funtcionasn mde angisnh aevb ecmoeh igyl hiltme.id tor cealipmu bsltircef ertocsma rs. vTehemen ntmow o haasp ersneec in 3o00v er
Inrcaesil,nyt gos puerco nomivce ldoenp,tmp eubcfl nuidaser u esdt os ubsidize cista ioreuntdh weo rlwdhe rcey cleinsgtasig nre ge ulaacrto sfc idvsiirlpu tni.oI n
develonptmo efp irvavteneu se,w hidlevee leorpaser geenoruys rlewradefdo r Bejii(nwgh erec ycloinsecit snsp eidtr hecionrut errtpisanS a Fnr nacsicoe)v,ea nf ter
proivdisnpgcae wsi tlhi tmeidp ubcl uiseA.ss treneetihsg,bo hroo,da sndp arks thcear cdkowno n tphore- decmroamcoyv eemnitnT a inaennmS quraet,h sequ aer
becmoem allsg,at ecdo mmutneiisa,n dco rrpaotveen uesp,u lbcis pea bcecmoes rmeais ntae npsoeil tailsc tga,er putuerdp eirodalyilb cyi nvddiiuaalc tsd isosefn t
subjecttone dwe fromosf o wnesrh,ic pommodifaitci,ao nncdo notlDr.a v(i91s9 :2 thtar elctalh e smscaaero f1 899a ntd hceo nntudie poiltailoc ppesrsioInnT.a i epi,
155)o bsevres",T h'ep lucib's pea coft hen ew megtarsturuceasn ds uperlmlas sutdnetdsem ontsartianggna tsip olcieb ruittuaynld ert hKeuo mitnnagg overennmt
haevs upnptleatdar dtoiinaslt reaentddss i cpilnied thesiprnot naetiy.L"ou aktiou­ durina rge cepnrto tceamspte do uitn t hcei tLyi'btsye S rqueai rn2 00T8o.s how
SdierainsBd a njeer(e91 982:7 8f)rut hewrr i"tAem,er incd aowntowinas p ordutc thiert edreiamntitoosn t aaynd tod emaang dov ermnenrtse posnet,h seut dents
ofp urposlde fesuigantci ontsh ahtav ee ffteicvseoulgyth t om olsdp eaa cccoridng beganb uilad vilianlggeo nt hsequ arceom, plteew itah k tich,ec nlsarsmoos, a
tot hneee dosf a c orrpaoteicosnto mayn tdo s ubodrniateu rabnf ortmot hleo igc vegebtlgaead ren,a w ebsctas tat,ai notdne nftossr l peien(giF geus1r 3.a nd14 .).
ofp orfit." InHo nKgon g,F iligpusietwn oar koecrcspu yt hgeor unfdol oorf N ormFaons ter's
? �
Thec ontorfpo ulb csl apieci ns ow aw orldwpihdeen ometnhoasntoh wsh ow singatureH SBbCu il(dnai incgoo nfg olblac apialte)v esruyn a,ya ndr nafsorm
formf olwlso pciaatlF.rm o LoAsn gesl'Besu nekrH litlo S antdon inJ ohnansebrug, iftr mo ana noynmoucso raptoeern atnrect oa lvielcyom munigtatyh renig asecp
pirvaittene ersthsav ec reatfeodr tidfowinetdo wansn d baunrs ub-ceernst, whermei agntrw orkpeirsc, nc ih,caa tnrde nutie( iFgeu1 r5.). .
prottniegca ni cnrseianagrra oyf ps-epubudlaoincpd ir vaptorepe trisae gnatsit he On dafi ferfernno,ttw hinlwee t echlnoogs iteieencl ommunciaotnia ndme dia
posbsliietn rusoifto hn"e un dseairblse"( Why1t8e90 .)I na dtdiiotnot hlei tmeid haveu ndermind ethei mpotrnaec ofp leab-casepdu bcl sipcaet,h ye havea slo
pubcfl unitcinost,h peir vattiiozonfap ubcsl piea hcais mpornttia mipacltnisof or enbalden we typeastc ioofan nsm de anso fp ubldisics eSnnitec. 9 194t,hZ eap asttia
the iptaoilslc phreeo fc oentmoparyrc itKioehsn(. 2 0024)w: r ist,"e Whepnir vate Armoyf N atiloL bnieaartihoanbs u isltntrg oi tnerinoantsaulp pt.fo o.rir tsst r.guelg
speascr peleap cubglaitcrhn iegs pcaet,h oep ptounritsi efpooirlt lic coanesvraiton agnatsit hMee xinc astuastietn,hg Iet n ertn eamse naaso fc ommuinciaotSnt.ra .tnlg
aerd imsiehndi.M"it clh(le02 033:4) a sloa gruset h,a" tianw orldde nfeibdy p irvate witthha ent -iWTO protienSse tal tietn 2 000a,nt -igllozaibitaoanc tihvaviesr tesl ied
ong olbliaezdt cehnloogtyoc ommuinactwei th eacahor uonttdhh eewro r ld
8 Half
9
Figu1r.e3 S tudenotfs
theW ildS trawberries and stgaep roteasttt hsge a trhniegosf w orlldee ardasn dit nenratniafolni ancial
Movemenotc cupied intsiitountMso.er r ece,ni tntl hyceo taasClhn iesec iotfyX imaen,t exmtes asging
theL iberStqyu arien
enadbt lheoaunsdosf c izteintsog athientrsa nnteaoyui snals trpereott aegsnattsi
Taipteoip roteasgta inst
polibcreu talaintday thbeu ilodfai c nhge mailcco mplxe.T hlea gret unroufto rctehdec allg ooevrnment
lawt harte strtihcet s tor ejtechtde ev elopnmtLe.a t,es locyinaelt owkrnigt oloss ucahsT wittheaerv
freedoomfa ssembly
beelni endtk om assm obiiazltoina ndc ommucnaitiionpnr oteevsetni tnIas r na nd
andd emonstration.
PhotograbpyhJ effrey Molvda(o oChe2n00 9T)og.e th,et rhseee axmplse tetsoMt iitfcyhls e'a lgrumentth at
Hou. the oefpn udb slapiecca grumein"sto vesrilmysp tliiintch aidtto sen otn ecersislay
appercitaeh ow nwe knidosfs peasch aved evepleod("Mi tecl2hl0 0:83 .)
On mao ere verayyld evceilt,ii zinetiniv aaetsn idfn ormaaltc iivtsih eavec reated
othnerwe uessa ndf ormso fp ublsipca cTehy.e i nclsupdoean ntoeuse vents,
unnitend dueessa,n adv arityeo fa tciivseit thtad efyo re scpaee xtiisnrglus ea nd
rgeulatiTohenssee.v erypdarcatyi tcrenasfs ormu bran speasci tnow haWta tson
(20016)9:c al,l" sas ieo tfp otnetaitlyid,i fferceena,n dd elihtglfe uncnotures.A" Figu1r.e5 E very
casienp oiintsth ceom mutnygi adren vmeomeinnNt o trhA meircaan edl wsheeer SundaFyi,l ipwionrak ers
transfotrhmeg round
inw hichhud nerdasn tdh uoasndosf v acnato ra banodnde sit(neisc ludbiontgh
flooorft heH SBC
pubalnidc prpiorvpaettireeh sae)vb eetnrn afsormde itnop ordutcivpelt osa nd abusi ldiinnHg o ngK ong
pleasfc ocru ilavtito,rn ecreagtatiehornnig,a, n edd uactiboycn om muints(i Leawns ointao c ommunity
gatheripnlga ce.
200,F5 rnaceitsa . l1 894F;gi uer1 6..)T hesaen odt hfeorrm osf c ommuintoyp en
PhotograbpyJh e ffrey
Figu1r.e4 A temporary speasch avee mergeadsa na tlertniavpeak rs ystiencm ista inde town(srFna ciHso u.
memoribauli lbtyt he
studenttosm ourn
thel ososf d emocracy,
mockintgh em emorial
oft hef ormeNra tionalist
Chinedsiec tator
ChianKga i-Shientk h e
backgrouPnhdo.t ograph
byJ effrHeoyu .
your 11
10 Hou
thseam en eigbhorohdoT.h oedr innceae ffievcetslayv neodto nytl hegiadrre pnol ts
eta l1.98 4.)T horugphe sronaalnd colelctiuvesest haptr ovbiodteph ir vaatned
buatl os alolt hseirm iplaarprkorp ertiine sct ih(teHoy ue ta t2.00 9)A.c rotshse
pubbleinfcei ttshs,eec ommutnyig adrenfsun tcioans" hybrpiudbc sl picaest"h at
Paicf,ii cnt hSeh iNlgiihtnM arkeitnT a iepio,n eof t hlera geasndt m ostp opular
aerd sitnitcf rotmh ecionrv etninoaaln odf ifclci oanutpeartr( Houe ta l2.00 9).
eveinnmga rkeitnts h ceti yi,ll geavlen dosf rnidw ayesv enriy gthoet s pcaep ole ic
Alhtougtehhs eev earyyed xpsrseioofnp su bslpieaca c tcivmiigsmhn to hta evt he
enfomrecnetT.h ev endos drevelotph eoiwrn m ontionrgip rotocmoakles-,s hift
apeparnaeco fr daciali nrsgueny,ci ts houblend ot etdh amta yno ft hoeu ctomes
apparataundst ,me poaryrs togresa itseots h ,aw then ptoihlcee maeppnr oatchhe
woulndot h aevb eepno sbslwieit hoeutxte nesg iarvsosortsstg rglueF.oi rsn tanicne ,
markeftrm o da itsnacet,h yec ane aysd ietlectteh m,s igenaacloht h,de sirpapeari n
thMeo utnB akenre ibgohrhooofS de tal,tg eadreenrasn cdom muintaytc ivjiosidtn,s e
am attoefrs ecnod,sa ndt hecno nvearggaeoi nnect hceo pgsoa wa(yiF uger1 7.).
tod efneda wl-eluesdc ommuntyig adrefnr obmen igs olbdyt hcei typ irfvoarrte lea
Thiefn ormamle cnhiasamn tdh der aamt hautnf oldsse vrleat ismi eann itge hnable
estdaetveo eplmnetT.eam inugpw itshu potprearsno dp esnp eaa cdovcataeorsu nd
thveen dost roc reaotnoee f t hlevi eilseta nd smtdo ynammiarckt epalecsi tnh ceti y,
thcei ,tt yhyep ettiiodnt ehCei tCoyu nictlop assa no drinnecat harteu qiesrt hcei ty
bypassinrgeug altiaonnesdnf oermcent.
to mcpeonastel eosf ap akrp roeprtwyi tahn ueiqvlaeantmo utno fo pesnp eai cn
Figu1r.e7 V endors
Figu1r.e6 C ommunity inT aipeSih'isl Niing ht
gardenssu cha st he Markecta nd isappear
DannyW oo Gardeinn witthh eimre rchandise
SeattlIen'tse rnational ina matteorfs econdtso
Distrwiecrtec reated escaplea we nforcement,
byr esideanntds addindgr amat ot he
communiotryg anizers alreacdoyl ornfiuglh t
anda red istifnocrtm ally markePth.o tograbpyh
ands ociaflrloymt he Jeffrey Hou.
typicpaulb loipce n
spaceP.h otograbpyh
JeffrHeoyu .
12 Hem your space 13
Thibso ok
spcaefso crom munitayn dpu ibcul es.I nDe sifgornE cological HDeesmotcerra cy,
Thibso oiksa na tmtpett ob ettuendres rtnads uhc evearyyad ndno t-so-everyday (200e6n)vi iosntshhe u masnte rwdasohfia pne vegner atpeurib sclp ea ct-hpel atn e
maikngof p uibcls apec thadtef ietsh ec onveinotnralulse ,r eugalitonasn,d andit ssoi claa ndeoc lgoilcs aytsmes.Fni ayl olucron ecptaluizaotfii onrnsg uent
wisdom.If to cseuosn a tlerinvasetp easca,tc iveist,i eixop,nra sensdrse lnasthiiops puibcsl paicsie n dteebd tthone o tioonf" nisruegnctii tzen"s ohri" nipsguernt
thahtav ee mergiendr epsontsoeo pptounriticeonsts,rn asti,a ndtr nafsortmoian speao cfc iitzeinpsf"hor mJ onhH oltso(n91 983:9) S.i lmaitrot hoep opsiiottnot he
inc oentmpaoyrrs oicetTyh.er buirco f" nisguernptu ibcls pcae"p roviad weasy stea'tlsge iitmiziaotonf tnhotieo onf c iietznispht,h iesn urgenptu ibcsl paicsie n
fours t od enfeia nd atrciultaet hseee xprieosnossfa tlerinvaseto icaaln dsp iaatl oppsoiitotnot hkeni do fp uibcsl peat chaitsre gltuaedc,o notldrl,ae nmda nitnaedi
rleaitonshRiaptsht.eh rab ne monnaigt heer ioosonf p uibclr elamt,h icsole lctive sollybey t hset ate.
bodoyfw orkf ocseuosn t hnewe possiboifpl uiibtcsil peeasa cnd ipcru eblalmi n Thivsol umsee etkosb uiludpo nt hseei nevsitgiaotnasn dit neprertiaotnosf
supoprotfa m oerd ivejrutssae,, n dde mcorastociice ty. atlenraitvuebr an partcicaensdf ormosfa ctiisvmto i maginae d iffemroednet
Thiesd itveoldu mree prestehvneot isc oefis n idivdluswah oh aveb eeantc ive ofp ordutcioinnt hem aikgn ofp uibcls pea,ca puibcla nda spea tchaater
inr eanlgis zuicpho ssliibttiihoerusg thhi erpa rctircees,re caht,eca hniga,n dci vic hetoegrenefoliuudsa,,nd d ynaimc.
ivnolevmenTth.ea yer a nthorpogliosctomsm,u nicastciholonas ,ar ngdeo garphers,
asw elals a crhiteactrtissc,to ms,m unitoyr ganilzaencrdapss,ea crhiteacntds ,
Thes tories
plarn.snA elolft hees safyosc ounsa tcuaslt grgusla endea xmplse.T heoyf fer
Theb ooikso granizaeodru nad t yplooyg ofa tcionasn dp arctictehsas th ape
lessaonndesx lpoefr utrhepro ssliibtbiiaseesdo ne xpieecrneasn den cnotueorns
thdei ffesrteonrotifr e ess nicsetTa.h itsy ploogiysn otm eantt ob ee xhatuisvoer
thgeor undT.o p riodvaec ompiasroonft hpea arllealn wdid espraedo ccurrncees
catoeirgclba urtta hieasrw aty oh ihgilgthhtse pe cicfhiraca ctaenrpdsur pofsuneless
aoruntdh weo rltdih,sb ootkka eosn a delaitbeeclrryo- sclsutraul paorapcahn d
of atthcieo ns.
icnuldsed ivecrassefero sm tehd iefrfegneotg arpihcr eigonasn sdo icaclo enxtts.
Appropriraetpirnegsa etcinotnassn dm annrest horugwhh icthh e mienagn,
Somree cepnuitb cliaotnhsaev a drdessoerifd no mreda spcteosfo uirne vsitgiaot.n
owensrihp,a nsdt rtuuecor fo ffailpc uiibcsl peac cabne t epmoarirylo rp emranently
Thpeh enomeonfou nin tnneddeu esso fu brapnu ibcslp aicnpe a tircluairss ubaj ect
suspedn.Hd ereet,rh ecea ssetd uieexsma inew aytsho rugwhhc ihc iitzetnrnsafs orm
ofg roiwnagc aedmiicne trersetp resbeynt theepd Ub licaotfiL oono sSep ace
thep uibclr elamb yr epruponsgti heex insgtu ibranl adncsapesF.r oBme nigji,
(Fnrckaa nSdt envs2e 006a)n Edv erydUaryb an(iCsahmes e ta l1.99 9.)F rnacakn d
CarionCleh eenxm ainesh owl oaclr eisednstc opweit hr paiudbr aniziaoatnn mda ek
Steenv(s02 0:64 )a gruteh autin tnendd ueess" havteh aeib littoyl o oseunp t he
usoefe xinsgut birani fnartsrtuurcea ndr eisdusaplea scf otrhi eerv erayyrd ecrieoant
doimntam neanionfsg epsic fsiict tehsag ti vrei tsoen we percienopsat,ti ttdues,
ands oiciazliaotnFr.mo LoAsn geslJ,e amsRe ojeaxsma inesh ow Laitniom imgarnts
andbe hiaosvr.T"h edyef niel oossapeec a s" as apcaepa trf ormt haese tehtilycl a
impovriasnerd en ivetnhtne ot ioannd p artcicofep ubilcs paeci n thteh orcugiht y
andbe hiaoavlrylc otnrleolda ndho mongoeu'st heemneiv'r moennotfl iesruea nd
nwe usoef s treseitdsel,sw k,a vnatlc toasa,n dot hseprea scF.r oSma Fnr naicsco,
consupmitownh eern oitnhgu nperdibcltmeau tso ccu"r( Fnrckaa nSdt envs2e 00:6
BlaiMnekere dre scrhiobwet sha et riastnd desginerg orupR ebharasi deinftied
3)I.nE v eryUdrabya niCsrma,w f(o91r9d)9 p ersenats sil maicro necptS.h wer ites,
"inchsepc aesw"it hnit hfear mweorkof p ubilca nqdu ais-bpilucs peasca ncdli amde
"eversypdeaas cytn adisnc otnratsott h cear feluylp ladn,on feiflialcdyesg inaetda nd
theamss itfeossro i caaln adtr isdtiiscrc soeus.
oftuendne rsuepdu ibcslp atchetac anb ef ouinnmd o stA meiracnc iti(eCsr"a wford
Reclaidmesicnrgi tbhees patdiaaotann dre euo sfa bandonde oru nderutilized
19999:) I.rt e pre"saez notnosefs oiclat rnaisitoann pdo ssiibni lptiohtteyie lanf tor
ubran speascf onrwe andc olelctifvnuetci onasn din tsrmuenatlitFoyrm. B enr,li
new soicaalrr nagmeenatn fdo romfsi maiagniton("C raw1fo99r99d:.)
MichaLealoF ndd escrtihbweeo rsk o fe Xpeirmentciwthyi,ct hur nvsa cnatl tosi n
InTh Leu dCiitcy S tev(e02n07s: 1 69)e xpleostr hpel fauyules so fu brans peasc
thcei ittyno v enuesf ocro poeriavteec,lo gocialh oiunsga,ny do uptrho jeFcrmto s.
thaatero ft"ennno i-ntsrmuentlaa,tc ivuen,xe pectaenddr,i skYyett. h"y ep orivde
TokyoS,ih nAib aa nOds mauN iisdhpar esweonrtfko r mt hieRre -cpiortjye wchti ch
new expieerensca ndpo rduecn we soicarlea ilton(sS tev2e07n0:s1 69.)S miilraly,
reutitlhieezx einssg tb iuinlgds itociknts h Kea ndadi starnidtcar tn fsormtsh em
inCi tyP ublWiactss,( o02n0 :67 )f oucesso n" magnriaulpn,er teinot,uh sdideann d
sybmoilcs pcaesa"n "do ftfeognor ttseunj bec.It IIs nT heI nofrmaCilt yL,a gruree itnon we niegbhorhopoudib csl peascF.r oVman coeurvE,ir cVkila lgozme exmaines
stratteog ciirenesm aelynle tnhnaeca nddi vertsheiexfs iytn igu brafnba rticho rugh
(91942:) e xplroeusb ran ifnorlmialtaiyss itoefp oweirnr eiloatnto e xrtenla
diispiclnaen cdon tlr opoIwIIe ncr o.n attstr ot hfeo rlmiazsepdea sca ndpar tcices, theex ploiotfra etisidouanan ld ncetgesldp eaces.
Pluralriezfietnroghs ow sepciefhtiincc g oruspt rnafsortmh mee ainnga nd
"ubrainfn omraliitstyh e exporfte hsese iefodnroo mft hseub jec(atLg"e urr1e99 4:
futnoicnosf p uibcsl pea,cw hicrhse ultisna moer heteernooegups uibcsl phere.
24)I.nt hfeei lodfd esigannd p alninnagn ,u mebro fr ecepnutib cliaotnrse fltehcet
MichalR eoisc onisedrtsh peor spcetfso ard iscttiiLnvaietn Uobr ainsimnt hUeni ted
rseurgnigp arctiocfde esi ganc tiis(vms Aerec htiutefre ocHru miatn2y00 6B,el 2l00 3,
Stataensdt hdei ffewraeynLsta i tonsm aek climast op uibcls peasci n tcihtey .
Belaln Wda kef2o0r0d8, B looamn dBo rmber2g00 4,P alrloen2i00 4.)T hewo rk
JeffHroeuey x mainesh ow thmea iknogf a NgihtM arkeitnS etalte'isn oawCtnh­
oftievnno lvperso fieosnswaolriskn wgi tchii tzeannscd om munitiinte rsna fsormnig
ItnerinoantDails thraiescn tg eenrdeadp hsiyclas,o icaaln,cd u lratlrue nctosrtuicon
14 JeffrHeayll your spaCE? 15
oft hpeub lrieca ilntm h neie gohrboho.dF rmo Taiwna,H un-gYnigC heann Jdi a-He garffaitrstitihs o, moewnse,ir mmgairnts,p aernst,p larnsns,ee wxo rekrssq,u atters,
Lnie xmaineh ow SouetahsAtsi ainm miagntrsn egotieat theiiedrni ttsia endpl ace sutdnetst,ea crsh,ae ndub rafnra mesr.Th elt ig soeso nA.s t hvear eitoyf c aseisn
thorugthh mea iknogft hieorw nc olelctsipveae. cU siCnhgu ngSahsaac ans setd u,y thciosll etciosnu gegsttseh,r aeer dviermseean st horughw hicihnv diuidalasn d
PniaW u exmainseh owF iplioin gusetw orkeirnTsai e pif inrfdeu gient hset reets, goruspc ane ngaagtcei vientlh yce o ntteisotanand rmeaiknogfp ubslpicacea ,n d
allesyhpsos,r, e sutarants,a nodf ifcoefsa na lienngca iyt.ti thcei btyye xetnsni.For ocmon vseiroofnp irvates i htnoocm oemmuntyit hdip rlcaes
Tarnsgresrseipnrge stehneift nisrn mgeenotr c rsoisnogfo ffilcb ioanudiaers tot hoecc upaitoonfs trefeoatrtsl e artneiu vseesac,ho ft ehsaec tmsa ys eesmm lal
betwetehnpe r ivaantdpe u bdloimca tihnorsu gthme poaryro ccupatnia osw elals and ingsnficiiantB.u, tp erciys beelcuaest hseea ctdso nroeutqri eo vrebrudeinng
pordutcioofnn we meaninsag ndr eilaostnhsiH.pe ret,he rec assetd ueisfo rmJ apan ivnetsmenotri f nartsrctuuret,hy ee nabilnvediu idaalnsod f tsemna glorlus pt oe ffect
exlpoetr hpeo tnietiatloyfa n we pulbcis paces ttarhdladsett hpeu balnipdcir vate chnagsei n otthhee rhwegiesmeo nuibrcal na ncdapsesA.tl houtghhae c otnimsa y
relams.U sicnags iens Stehgteaa ayW arodf T okyoY,as uoysihH ayashcion sirdse bei fnormaanled r art,it chyeh aevh epledde sbtizaleti hset crutuera ndr letaoinssh ip
thnee twoorfc ko mmuintbyas-endo no-fipotrr gniaztaioansts h bea soifas " nwe int hoeff icpiuablsl pieaca c nd relepaossbesii itlsfi oenrwe itnertainco,sf utnico,n s
pub"li iJnca apnI.as mKini osihteax mainsh eowt hceo cnepotfn iwa-(rGaodjreu n and amnegisn.
StrTereetet srn)afs ortmhsbe o nudiaserb etweperni vpaorpteer tainetdsh peu blic Becuasoef t hsec laea ndm odoef p ordutci,ot nhmea kionftg h aitsle rtniave
streaenttdsh seo icarlle aitosnhsii pnstihdceeom muintSya.aw koO n,oR yokSoa to, pubslpieaci c mso erp atripcaityoa rnsdp oanntoeu,sa ndt heefromroeer o peann d
andM imNasi hyiamad escrtihbceeon vseiroonfp irvaftaer mheosbu ostfho nrwe icnliuv.sTe hei nsguernptu blsipeac tc htat hye havec reaitste hde efrobroet ah
quas-ipucbu lesisa nads a ni tneremdiaybr etweceinat nyc dou ntyr. smallearnd gaar ndepru bslpiaccT ehs.ees mlalyeergt ar nderp ublsipcea scr eflect
Uncoverreifntegort sh mea kianngrd e isdcovoefpr yu bslpiactc heor ugahc tive thseub jectoifiv timstu tylpi let oaracsn dth ber oaidsnetrmr euntliatoyfs peaa cs
reniterreapttioofhn di deonrl t aenmtea ninagnsmd e mroiiens utbrhanel ancdapses. a hvcielfeo ar w idvearrit yeo fi nidvuiadaln dco lelctiavtcoein sA.lh touhg thsee
Frmo SeatItrlieG,ne an ldmea,nT om Dobrolwosy,ka ndG oigriAai leool fU bran inviddiusa anlgdor uspd on oatlf tlit hleei lkdyes cpritioonfs wFhrasate( r91 906:7 )
Arcihvepesrs ehnotw t hepirro jueescstt h cei ty laaosbar tayot ror eseadvriecrhs e calslt h"es bualtecronnut eurblpsi,cb"yr eitssianggn atsit hhee genmiorceu galitons
�
ando ftuenconventiofnoarlmo sfu bran expsrseitohntaa drdestsh ceo mplex oft hceo enmtpoarrpyu bslpiacac ndet hneot ioonf uandnfi efrenetdpi uabttlhiyec
.
realitosnihspo f poJwaeennre. nPezr yblypesrskein ttrhse e prboyjt ehceSt ans becmoea ctpivaterip canitisn w"iaed nionfdg si ucsrviec onetsttia"o ntihnpe u blic
FrnaccioBs ueraouf U braSne crtehtaestn gacgiet itzoee xpneser niecc iiteass" sites sapeca npdu blsipceh roeft hceo entmoparyrs oectiy.
ofr ecovmeermeodra yn dar peoistroyo fc ompetnigh itsoris"e.F roTmai epiA,nn ie Them aiknogf i nrsguenptu bslapiccse u gsgteas m odoef c itmyai kntgh aits
Chieuxm ainesh owa movementtop erserav beor thaesal c ihtsyit roilca ndkm ar dfiefrefnortm t hien tsiitoutniazlendo tioofun br asnmia nd itass siaotciwoint h
chlaelnsgt ehmea itnrsme ahsitroipcr esaeitrodvnsi corusaen dco snervastoiicavle matseprl annaindn pgo yl imcaikngU.nli ek thceo nevnitonpaarltc iceu robfa n
valeusa,sw ella st hbeou ndairseb etweperaniet vs i/tbeosisdea nd bplmuiecmo ires. planng,nw ihitcnehd tso b ed omitnebady p rofoensasalindse xptestr,h iesn tncaes
Alsfoor mT aiepiM,i Jna Kyan gi nevstiegst ahtpeo etnitiatloyff alloowr u ndersued ofi nsguerntb lpsiupcea acsp reseinntt ehdib oso sku gsgtte haeb iitolyfc itizen
speascf oard fiferiemnaitgn atiinto ehnm aiknogfa nu bran lcaapned.s gorupasn di nvddiiualtsop lyaad itnsitcr oliens hagp tihnceon tepmoaryru bran
�
Fiayl,wl itCho ntestthibeno go,rk te unrst ot hteh emoefs tgrguelo verri gs,h t enrvoinmenitn d feinaeco ft hoeff iicarllu easn dre ugloantsiR.a thtehnra b enig
meainn,ga snidd teinsti inte hpeub lriaecl mF.r oCman ad,A anrdePw aslko soa kt subjecttoe dp larneungalitnigoo nrs t ohftele intm eipda triipcatoorpypt ounrietsi,
howg orwtohf p ubslpieaca c tcivihsaums nf oldd ienV anocuvearnd Tornottoo citiaznecdni st igzoreusnpc aunnd ertaiktneiit aivoents h eoiwrnt oe ffcehctag nes.
challtehnpeigr vea ttiioaznnas dur vlenliecao fp ublsiapcec T.er esMaae rsa ndD evon Thei ntsnaecso fs ehlef-lapn dd efinaceae r bescth aatcreriazsea d p artciec of
Peneaax mitnweoc asoefus b ranf amrsi n Utnhiet Setd ataesis l,tl ruoasntosif t he guerlrluiabr anistmh arteo cginzebso tthh aebi ltiyo fc itiazndeo nppso rntiutsii en
insguenrutes so fp ubslpieacf c or fpoorodudtc ioann cdom mutnyio grazniinIgn. theex insgut briacnon dtiiofnorsrda ciala nde vearyycd hagnesa gnatsit hdeo mitn an
EsatS tL.o iusL,a auL raswoann dJ nanSio ernsdeens crtihbleeo gn-tesrtmgr gluse forceisnt hseo ectiy.
thatthc eo mmuntyih atso e nudert or uetlziiea badnoned vacnatl adn toa dedsrs Asc ista inetdh esiorac, lie concoa mnidpo iltaildcm iensihoavnecs o nntueidt o
flonog,de ixpnadc ommuntyis ercevsia,n sdp uerco nocmd ievoeplmnet. chan,tg hefeu tnico,mn esangi,sna npdor dutcioofnp ubslpiachc avee a sloe volved
ovetri mAes.u branp opluaitonasnd cultruebse cmoem oer hetoegrene,o uas
gorwnigp ersneec andr ecnotigioonfc utlurala nds oacldif iefrceenhs avem ade
Guerriulrlbaa nistmo:w ardssm allyeert g rander
thpeor dutcioann de o ufps ubslapiccae h igyc honletstpeordc e.sR seflcitentgh e
urbanp ubliscp ace
currecnulttr au,le cnoom,ia cnds piaatclh agneso fc ietsii,sn ugrenptu blspiacc e
Thset roisi ent hbioso rke rpesesntgtrg uslb eyc ommutnisiae ndi nvddiiusat lof ind reepsrenagt orsw nigv artiyo efa tcoinasnd p artciecst haetn abalneedm powesru ch
thepilreaa cnedx prieosnissnt hceon etmpoarrcyi atny di nd oisnogr eefdine the conetsattni.Iop fu lbcis peai cwsh eried teintimeeasn,ni g,sa nsdoc ilra etliaonships
bonudraiemsea,ni n,ga sndi ntsrmuetnlaitoyfp ublsiphce rTeh.ei nvdiuidasla nd icni taierep sor duecdc,od fiide,a nd mtiaaniendi,itt s h orugihsn urgenptu bslpiacc e
goruspi nclutdisevt iasacr,chi teacntldsna dcsapea crhtiecctoms,m utnyoi grazneirs, thaattle rtniaiveden teismt,ei annig,sa nrdle taoinsshc ianpb en utruredat,rci ualted,