Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

341 Pages·2013·21.316 MB·English

by  Carmen Scholz, Jorg Kressler

Tailored Polymer
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In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
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In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
1135
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
Tailored Polymer
Architectures for
Pharmaceutical and
Biomedical Applications
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s.org 5.fw0
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s.a11 Carmen Scholz, Editor
2013 | http://pub0.1021/bk-2013- UniveJrosïr̈̈tHyguonKftsrAviellalsebs,alAmelraa,biaEnmdHaituonrtsville
n July 17, 13 | doi: 1 Martin LutherHUalnleiv,eGrseirtmyaHnaylle-Wittenberg
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AmericanChemicalSociety,Washington,DC
DistributedinprintbyOxfordUniversityPress
In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Tailoredpolymerarchitecturesforpharmaceuticalandbiomedicalapplications/
CarmenScholz,editor,UniversityofAlabamainHuntsville,Huntsville,Alabama,
JörgKressler,editor,MartinLutherUniversityHalle-Wittenberg,Halle,Germany;
sponsoredbytheACSDivisionofPolymerChemistry,Inc.
1
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2013 | http://pubs.a0.1021/bk-2013-11 41C.R6.h18DeP05mr.o72uli.8gycP-sma6--ldT-eSDcr32ose53csini2ieg0tmny1..e3DdI.iicvSiincsheio.on2lz.o,fPCoPalorymlmyemen2re,s0r1-1-9CT36h0h3e2e-mr0Ia4iIps.3teK4ruyrt,eicIsnsuclse.er,,J3o.̈rgB,i1o9m5e7d-icIIaIl.mAamteerriiaclasn
n July 17, 13 | doi: 1
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In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to provide a
mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of
the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books developed from the ACS
sponsoredsymposiabasedoncurrentscientificresearch. Occasionally,booksare
developed from symposia sponsored by other organizations when the topic is of
1
0 keeninteresttothechemistryaudience.
cs.org 35.fw0 Beforeagreeingtopublishabook,theproposedtableofcontentsisreviewed
2013 | http://pubs.a0.1021/bk-2013-11 cfapaoodnarmdpdaeemppdrsrp.aermnDhoueparsnayrcsifartibsivtepeeotenasfxnecacsdhrslecua.opdpmterWeedrppshtraoeearhnrebeedeanptpisteneipevrrcreof-aoprcmecorviuevairseteaertw-a,hrgeeeodeavbdapeoynrrovdifkoiof;erorwomtrotihanofiettr.nresarienlmstartacotycodebutphectetaaonadrcuydedecidoehrntaorcpeetpj.eerrScostoviomiadrneee,
n July 17, 13 | doi: 1 incluAdesdainrutlhee, voonlluymoersi.giVnaelrbraetsimearrcehprpoadpuecrtsionansdofoprirgeivniaolusrepvuiebwlishpeadpepraspaerres
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In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
Preface
I am honored to present the Preface to this ACS book, “Tailored Polymer
Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications,” dedicated to
Professor Raphael (Ray) M. Ottenbrite. This ambitious title with its foundation
in polymers implies broad coverage of medical applications including drugs,
medical devices and combination products. This book is a perfectly appropriate
1
cs.org 35.pr00 wpraoymtootehdonthoercRoamy,mseinndcea,blaes“laognngoassticI”hparveemkisneowthnathailml,schieenhtiafiscetxoeomlspslihfioeudldanbde
a1 appliedtothesolutionofunmetmedicalandothersocietalneedsthroughhisown
y 17, 2013 | http://pubs.doi: 10.1021/bk-2013-1 AtarfheoreserfeedptawHrerreocsoeachfwxter,iiasnptdsmghtioioepoeHnlnspeaIsusRlVbofsaolfeyialrcbnlv“aoudiwtwlcikoeac.nlpaIkhsnnoe,tcclhycelhuemora.dnsaeefgrrdeHsnernoaehemdsnetheciohrcaeneasswdsga.dcahnerlikdevsa,eo”stleyvoidnmeprethph2dioa5ssts0piysaepenrruttshvhboaeelntitacaihcsale,triimeonhsnomaessnau-orsnncvpheaeo-treusntn3rsiado0mlerpueaaadlvmatoetaionrnnsrtdo?ss
Jul3 | acids for combination with therapeutic biomolecules for oral delivery instead of
8.91 on y 8, 201 iannjteicbtaicotne.riaHl iasgesnmtsallwmitholpecroumleistihnegrappryopaecrctoiemsptlhisahtmcoemntbsaitncblaucdteerihailgrhelsyisptaontecnet,
17.118.7Web): Jul angoevnetleafnftei-citnivfleamagmaiantostritehsedreelciveenrtaSbAleRtrSanvsidruesr.mAalslyaoprioornaelelyr,iannsduarfnaceewcaonattiivnigrasl,
2 Ray has generated functionally-coated nanoparticles for drug conjugation and
ed by Date ( deliverybyinjection.
nloadation semiBnaelsicdoenstrRibauyt’isonisnntoovsautirofancseinscitehnecem,endaincaolpaarrteicnlae, theechhnaoslomgyadaendnupmoleyrmouesr
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Doubli structure modification. A notable example is the development of heat resistant
P adhesivesforspaceshuttlere-entryshields.
Inpromotingandrecognizingtheworkofdiversefellowmedicalinnovators,
Ray is in the top echelon of such colleagues. He has edited 21 polymer-related
books. Hehasorganizedorco-organizedover20ACSsymposiaandhaschaired
or served on the organizing committee of all Frontiers in Biomedical Polymers
meetings,abiennialconferenceseriesofwhichheisafoundingmember. Hehas
servedcontinuouslyinleadershiprolesinthePolymerDivisionoftheAmerican
Chemical Society since 1980, serving as chair in 1991. Ray has chaired two
polymer-basedGordonconferences.
Inrecognitionofhiscontributions,Rayhasreceivednumeroushonorsfrom
ACS, NASA and from international universities (as Visiting Professor). He is a
FellowoftheAmericanInstituteforMedicalandBiologicalEngineering.
Onapersonalnote, toknowRayistoappreciateagentleman, always, who
is driven to serve Society in the various creative ways that he can. This means
xi
In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
scouting unmet medical needs, highlighting them publicly and soliciting and
publicizing approaches to their solution. He is respectful of and excited for the
achievements of his colleagues and one of his greatest attributes is his ability to
motivatepeopletoprovideservicetotheprofession,tointegratethembysharing
responsibilities and tasks such as editorships and symposia chairmanships, etc.
ToRay,“EmeritusProfessor”innowayimpliesrelegationtothe“rockingchair.”
It means continuing the unique service detailed above, perhaps without some of
the“perks”previouslyenjoyedasarenownededucator. Forthis,ourbiomedical
polymercommunityisnotonlyprofoundlygrateful,butexpectantofmuchmore
ofthesameservicefromRaylongafterthisbookispublished.
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ProfessorRaphael(Ray)M.Ottenbrite
Art Coury
CouryConsultationServices
154WarrenAvenue
Boston, MA,U.S.A.02116
xii
In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
Chapter 1
Introduction to Polymers in
Today’s Biomedical Realm
Carmen Scholz*,1 and Jörg Kressler2
1 1DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofAlabamainHuntsville,
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cs.35. 2DepartmentofChemistry,MartinLutherUniversityHalle-Wittenberg,
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2013 | http://pubs.0.1021/bk-2013-1 *E-Dm-0a6il0:9c9scHhaolllze@(Scahaelme)i,stGrye.rumahan.eydu.
y 17, doi: 1
n Jul13 | New synthetic polymers and polymer architectures contribute
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ed by Date ( opfolynmewerspofolyrmmeorsdefronrthpehraarpmeauctiyc aanpdprobaiocmheesd,iciiiin)eD, eilii)veUrysinogf
oadon biomacromolecules, i.e., drugs as well as nucleic acids, iv)
Downlblicati Polymers for tissue engineering, and v) Polymers for surfaces
u and sensors. All chapters were written by the world’s leading
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scientists in their respective fields. Research presented in
these chapters demonstrates that these new polymers, new
polymer architectures, and new polymer conjugates are well
suited for demanding applications in biomedical diagnostics
and therapies. Modern approaches to drug delivery systems,
new scaffolds for tissue engineering, and surfaces for sensors
or antimicrobial activity are discussed in detail. Novel
strategies in polymer synthesis are presented, as e.g. the
functionalization of dendrimers or hyperbranched polymers,
exploitingthepossibilitiesof‘click’chemistryforthesynthesis
of well-defined block and graft copolymers or bioconjugation,
andintroducingenvironmentallyresponsivepolymermoieties.
Thecharacterizationofthesepolymericsystemsisachallenging
©2013AmericanChemicalSociety
In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
task in itself but becomes even more challenging when
applyingtheinvitroandinvivoconditionsthatarerelevantfor
pharmaceuticalandbiomedicalapplications.
Introduction
Research into Biorelated Polymers is one of the most active fields in
chemistry,physics,andmaterialsscienceasitisintimatelyrelatedtotheprogress
in medical and pharmaceutical research. In the past few years new concepts
were developed and several books and review articles appeared (1–5). With
an advanced genetic understanding of diseases and the development of genetic
01 therapeutic approaches biopolymers became essential and an integral part of
org ch0 modernbiomedicalresearch(6,7). Polymerscanadoptmanifoldconformations,
s.5.
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y 17, doi: 1 pharmacy, medicine and biology and it continues to attract attention from
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Pu rate was surprisingly high. A third example that illustrates the crucial need of

polymers in the biomedical field was the lack of a suitable (polymeric) delivery
system for the administration of penicillin. Since this antibiotic degraded very
fastafterinvivoinjection,ithadtobeadministratedeverythreehours. Thefirst
drugdeliveryformulationforpenicillinconsistedofbeeswaxandpeanutoil,the
so-called Romansky-formulation. With that, penicillin had to be injected only
once a day.
In recent years polymers have been tailored for specific biomedical and
pharmaceutical applications starting with new and designed monomers and
expanding to specific and controlled polymerizations that allow for tightly
controlling molar masses and molar mass distributions. In addition, new
polymerizationtechniquesledtotheproductionofnewandwelldefinedpolymer
architectures. Thisbookprovidesfivesectionswhichfocusonmoderntrendsin
biomedicalandpharmaceuticalpolymers.
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In Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Scholz, C., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.