Tadele Teketel

107 Pages·2017·1.84 MB·English

ASSESSMENT OF ACCESS TO FINANCE AND ITS
AVAILABILITY FOR SMEs IN ADDIS ABABA

A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Accounting and Finance of Addis
Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

of Master of Science in Accounting and Finance

Prepared by

Ayalneh Menberu
GSE/1442/08

Addis Ababa University
College of Business and Economics
Department of Accounting and Finance

May, 2018
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Declaration
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I, the undersigned, declare that this thesis is my original work, has not been
presented in any other university and that all sources of materials used for the thesis
have been duly acknowledged.
Declared by
Ayalneh Menberu Signature__________________ Date___________________

Confirmed by Advisor

Degefe Duressa. (PhD) Signature__________________ Date___________________

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Assessment of Access to Finance and Its Availability for SMEs in Addis Ababa
May 2018
Ayalneh Menberu
Certification

This is to certify that Ayalneh Menberu has carried out his research work on the
topic entitled “Analysis of Factor Influencing Access to Finance and Its Availability
for SMEs in Addis Ababa”.
The work is original in nature and is suitable for the submission for the reward of
MSc Degree in Accounting and Finance.

Advisor: Degefe Duressa. (PhD)_________________________

Place and date of submission: Addis Ababa University, May, 2018

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Assessment of Access to Finance and Its Availability for SMEs in Addis Ababa
May 2018
Ayalneh Menberu
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
POST GRADUATE STUDIES
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE

ANALYSIS OF FACTOR INFLUENCING ACCESS TO FINANCE AND ITS
AVAILABILITY FOR SMEs IN ADDIS ABABA
By
Ayalneh Menberu

Approved by the Board of Examiners:

_____________________________ _____________________
Advisor Signature

_________________________ _________________________
Examiner Signature

_________________________ _________________________
Examiner Signature

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Assessment of Access to Finance and Its Availability for SMEs in Addis Ababa
May 2018
Ayalneh Menberu
Abstract
This thesis aims at investigating the factors influencing of access to finance and its
availability for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in the Addis Ababa by using
both survey and econometric methods. Specifically, the thesis assesses the impact of firm
characteristics, collateral requirement, cost of borrowing and awareness of funding
opportunity on the accesses to finance and its availability. The study employs mixed methods
research approach. The quantitative aspect of the study is based on survey of a randomly
selected 204 SMEs owner/manager, shareholders and employee/manager and 50
participants from six banks and seven MFIs employee in Addis Ababa. While the qualitative
component employs review of relevant documents related to accesses to finance in Ethiopia.
The outcome of a study reveal that firm characteristics, collateral requirement, cost of
borrowing and awareness of funding opportunity have a significant relationship with the
accesses to finance and its availability. Furthermore, the result from descriptive nature of
structured questioner confirmed that all factors in this research have impact on the accesses
to finance and its availability. It also revealed that SMEs use their own savings and profit as
well as “ekub” as a major source of finance beside banks and MFIs contribution. Having in
adequate collateral, lengthy process of loan and high interest rate are discovered as major
obstacles to have loan from Banks and MFIs. These findings expected to help both parties
SMEs as well as financial source providers in the development of appropriate strategies in
filling the gap towards certain mutual benefit on collateral requirement and interest rate
that contributes in growth of the nation as well to the economy.

Keywords; factors, SMEs, accesses to finance and its availability, firm characteristics,
collateral requirement, cost of borrowing and awareness of funding opportunity

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Assessment of Access to Finance and Its Availability for SMEs in Addis Ababa
May 2018
Ayalneh Menberu
Acknowledgements

I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the help and encouragement of all who
have supported and assisted me during this thesis work. Without their guidance and advice, I
would have never been able to accomplish the work of this thesis.

First and foremost, I would like to thank God Almighty for giving me the strength,
knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this research study and to persevere and
complete it satisfactorily. Without His blessings, this achievement would not have been
possible.

I would like to thank my advisor Degefa Duressa(PhD) whose help, suggestions, invaluable
guidance and encouragement helped me throughout the dissertation process, this thesis
would not have been possible and I would be grateful to the assistance.

I would like to thank all the participants who took part in the interview and surveys
conducted as a part of this research for their valuable time and kind assistance. I am also
grateful to all my colleagues and friends (especial thanks go to Kaleb), for their comments
and reviews, which helped enrich this thesis work.
Very special thanks go to my wife Helen (Mamakiya), for her patience and support
throughout my study. Finally my special thanks go to my family for their love and
encouragement.
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Assessment of Access to Finance and Its Availability for SMEs in Addis Ababa
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Ayalneh Menberu
Table of Contents
Declaration ..............................................................................................................................................i
Certification .......................................................................................................................................... iii
Approved by the Board of Examiners: ..................................................................................................iv
Abstract................................................................................................................................................... v
Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................................vi
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... i
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... v
List of Tables .........................................................................................................................................vi
Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ vii
CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1. Background of the Study ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1.2. SMEs in Ethiopia .................................................................................................................... 3
The Evolution of SMEs in Ethiopia ....................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................................... 6
1.3. Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................... 9
1.3.1. General Objective, Hypotheses and Research Question ......................................................... 9
1.3.2. Specific Objective................................................................................................................... 9
1.4. Scope and Limitation of the Study ............................................................................................. 9
1.5. Significance of the Study .......................................................................................................... 10
1.6. Organization of the Thesis ........................................................................................................ 10
CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................................. 11
Review of Related Literature ................................................................................................................ 11
2.1. Theoretical Literature Review .................................................................................................. 11
2.1.1. The Definition and Concept of SME’s ................................................................................. 11
2.2. Defining of Access to Finance .................................................................................................. 12
2.3. Defining of Availability to Finance .......................................................................................... 13
2.4. What are the Potential Sources of Finance for SMEs? ............................................................. 13
2.4.1. The SME Owner, Family and Friends .................................................................................. 13
2.4.2. The Business Angel .............................................................................................................. 14
2.4.3. Trade Credit .......................................................................................................................... 14
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2.4.4. Factoring and Invoice Discounting ....................................................................................... 14
2.4.5. Leasing ................................................................................................................................. 14
2.4.6. Bank Finance ........................................................................................................................ 14
2.4.7. The Venture Capitalist .......................................................................................................... 15
2.4.8. Listing ................................................................................................................................... 15
2.4.9. Supply Chain Financing ....................................................................................................... 15
2.4.10. Crowd Funding ..................................................................................................................... 16
2.5. Informal Financial Source ........................................................................................................ 17
2.6. Financial Source Providers for SMEs (where financial source available for SMEs) ............... 17
2.7. Assumption or Theories on Source of Finance ......................................................................... 17
2.7.1. Irrelevance Theorem of Capital Structure ............................................................................ 18
2.7.2. Pecking Order Theory .......................................................................................................... 18
2.7.3. Trade-Off Theory ................................................................................................................. 19
2.8. Benefit of SME’s ...................................................................................................................... 19
2.9. Factors Influencing Accessibility and Availability of Financial Source .................................. 20
2.9.1. Financial Sector Policy Distortions ...................................................................................... 21
2.9.2. Lack of Suppliers’ Know-How ............................................................................................. 22
2.9.3. Information Asymmetries ..................................................................................................... 22
2.9.4. High Risks of SME Operations ............................................................................................ 23
2.10. Empirical Studies Related with SMEs Accesses to Finance ................................................ 24
2.11. Research Gaps ...................................................................................................................... 27
2.12. Conceptual framework of the study ...................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER THREE .............................................................................................................................. 30
Research Approach and Methodology ................................................................................................. 30
3.1. Hypotheses ............................................................................................................................... 30
3.2. Research Approach ................................................................................................................... 34
3.3. Research Methodology Adopted .............................................................................................. 35
3.3.1. Quantitative Aspect of the Study: ......................................................................................... 35
3.3.1.1. Survey design ................................................................................................................... 35
3.3.1.2. Population and Sampling Design...................................................................................... 36
3.3.1.3. Actual Conduct of the Survey........................................................................................... 38
3.3.1.4. Definition and Measurement of Variables ........................................................................ 38
3.3.1.5. Assessment of the Data ..................................................................................................... 39
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Assessment of Access to Finance and Its Availability for SMEs in Addis Ababa
May 2018
Ayalneh Menberu
3.3.1.5.1. Statistical Assumption for Factor Analysis ...................................................................... 39
3.3.1.5.2. Factor Analysis & Cronabch Alpha Result ...................................................................... 40
3.3.1.5.3. Statistical Assumptions for Logistic Regression .............................................................. 41
3.3.2. Qualitative aspect of the study .............................................................................................. 41
3.3.2.1. Source of Data .................................................................................................................. 42
Chapter Four ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Research Results and Discussion ......................................................................................................... 43
4.1. Results of the study........................................................................................................................ 43
4.1.1. Survey result ............................................................................................................................... 43
4.1.1.1. Respondents’ Profile ................................................................................................................ 44
4.1.1.2. Respondents Business Activities ............................................................................................. 45
4.1.1.3. Respondents of Current capital of the SMEs ........................................................................... 48
4.1.1.5. Respondents of Source of Finance used by the SMEs............................................................. 51
4.1.1.6. Respondents of Loan Request by the SMEs ............................................................................ 53
4.1.1.6. Respondents of the of financial source providers services availability ................................... 55
4.1.1.7. Respondents of purpose of loan/finance with the amount ....................................................... 56
4.1.1.8. Respondents on purpose of the loan/finance taken. ................................................................. 57
4.1.1.9. Respondents on Obstacles to get loan/finance. ........................................................................ 59
4.1.1.10 Descriptive Statistics factors mentioned in the discussion ..................................................... 60
4.2. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 61
4.2.1 Firm characteristics and accesses to finance and its availability ................................................. 61
4.2.2 Influence of collateral requirements on accesses to finance and its availability ......................... 62
4.2.3Effect of awareness of funding opportunity on accesses to finance & its availability ................. 63
4.2.4 Effect of Cost of Borrowing on accesses to finance and its availability ..................................... 64
CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................................. 65
Conclusion and Recommendation ........................................................................................................ 65
5.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 65
5.2 Recommendation ............................................................................................................................ 66
5.3. Suggestions for Further Study ....................................................................................................... 68
Reference .............................................................................................................................................. 69
Appendix I Survey Questionnaire for SMEs in Amharic version ....................................................... 74
Appendix I Survey Questionnaire for SMEs in English version ...................................................... 80
Appendix II Survey Questionnaire for Banks & MFIs ..................................................................... 86
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Assessment of Access to Finance and Its Availability for SMEs in Addis Ababa
May 2018
Ayalneh Menberu
Appendix III Number of SMEs by region and by sector .................................................................. 89
Appendix V Total Variance Explained and Multicoliniarity............................................................ 90
Appendix VI Different Frequency Tables ........................................................................................ 91

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Assessment of Access to Finance and Its Availability for SMEs in Addis Ababa
May 2018
Ayalneh Menberu