Tadele Mamo, 2011. Impact of productive safety net program on asset accumulation and ...

134 Pages·2012·1.63 MB·English

IMPACT OF PRODUCTIVE SAFETY NET PROGRAM ON ASSET
ACCUMULATION AND SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES IN THE CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY: THE CASE OF
ADAMITULU JIDO KOMBOLCHA AND MESKAN DISTRICTS

M. Sc. Thesis

TADELE MAMO

October 2011
Haramaya University
IMPACT OF PRODUCTIVE SAFETY NET PROGRAM ON ASSET
ACCUMULATION AND SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES IN THE CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY: THE CASE OF
ADAMITULU JIDO KOMBOLCHA AND MESKAN DISTRICTS

A Thesis Submitted to the School of Agricultural Economics and
Agribusiness Management, School of Graduate Studies,

HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS)

By
Tadele Mamo

October 2011
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

As thesis research advisor, I hereby certify that I have read and evaluated this thesis prepared,
under my guidance, by Tadele Mamo entitled “IMPACT OF PRODUCTIVE SAFETY
NET PROGRAM ON ASSET ACCUMULATION AND SUSTAINABLE LAND
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY: THE CASE OF
ADAMITULU JIDO KOMBOLCHA AND MESKAN DISTRICTS”. I recommend that it
be submitted as fulfilling the thesis requirement.

Chilot Yirga (PhD) ________________ _______________
Major Advisor Signature Date

As members of the Examining Board of the Final M. Sc. Open Defence, we certify that we have
read and evaluated the thesis prepared by Tadele Mamo. We recommend that it be accepted as
fulfilling the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture (Agricultural
Economics).

______________________ _________________ _______________
Chair Person Signature Date
______________________ _________________ _______________
Internal Examiner Signature Date
______________________ _________________ _______________
External Examiner Signature Date

ii
DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis manuscript to all of my family members.

iii
STATEMENT OF AUTHOR

First, I declare that this thesis work is my bonafide work and that all sources of materials
used for this thesis have been properly acknowledged. This thesis has been submitted in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for M.Sc. degree at the Haramaya University and is
deposited at the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the
Library. I seriously declare that this thesis is not submitted to any other institution anywhere
for the award of any academic degree, diploma or certificate.

Brief quotations from this thesis are allowed without special permission provided that
accurate acknowledgement of source is being made. Requests for permission for extended
quotation or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head
of the department of Agricultural Economics or the Dean of the School of Graduate Studies
when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interest of scholarship.
In all other instances, however, permissions must be obtained from the author.

Name: Tadele Mamo Signature: ______________
Place: Haramaya University, Haramaya
Date of Submission: _________________

iv
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The author was born on August 18, 1983 in Abichuna Nye’a district of North Shewa Zone.
He attended his elementary, junior and high schools in Gara Botora Elementary School,
Mendida Junior Secondary School and Debre Berihan Hailemariam Mamo Comprehensive
Secondary School, respectively.

Then he joined Haramaya University (the then Alemaya University) in 2001 and graduated
with B.Sc. degree in Agribusiness Management in July 2005. After his graduation, he was
employed in the ministry of agriculture, Ardaita ATVET College as a junior instructor of
agricultural economics where he worked for two semesters until he joined the Ethiopian
Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR). He has been working in EIAR, Holetta Research
Center, in project planning, monitoring and evaluation department as a junior researcher for
three years until he got the chance to rejoin Haramaya University in October 2008 to pursue
his M.Sc. study in Agricultural Economics.

v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I have got helpful assistances from many persons and institutions at various levels. It is
impossible to acknowledge all the individuals and institutions that supported me in conducting
this research since they are so many to list by their names here. Nevertheless, I would like to
take the chance to acknowledge some of them who have helped me in a special way.

First of all, my appreciation and gratitude goes to my research advisor, Dr. Chilot Yirga, for
his invaluable advices and guidance. I greatly acknowledge him for his allocating his golden
and busy time for my research work. Without his encouragement, stimulation and professional
support the thesis work would have not been completed. I would like to thank Mr. Mistiru
Tesfaye, W/ro Yewbdar Tadesse and W/ro Genet Ayele for hosting me throughout my study
time. I have really no words to express their support in all aspects. Mr. Dagne Getachew, Mr.
Wudneh Getahun, Mr. Yohannis Gojam, Mr. Zenebe Admasu, W/ro Tenagne H/silassie, Mr.
Kasaye Negash and Mr. Alemu Tolemariam should be acknowledged for their special support.

I am very glad to acknowledge the sample farmers for their willingness and patience in
responding me to my questionnaire at the expense of their invaluable time. If they had not
extended their cooperation, it would have been impossible to complete this thesis. I am also
indebted to extend my acknowledgement to Adamitulu Jidokombolcha and Meskan districts
agriculture and rural development office with a special thank to food security departments for
their support and guidance in provision of basic information. I would like to thank all staff
members of Holeta agricultural research center for their encouragements and support.

I would like to thank Wageningen University which funded this research through ILCE
(Improving livelihoods and resource management in the central rift valley of Ethiopia). I also
thank Dr. Aad Kessler from land degradation and development group and Dr. Huib Hengsdijk
from plant research international of Wageningen University for their comments.

Last but not least; I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to all my
family for their support and encouragement. Above all, I praise God the almighty and Saint
Marry, for allowing me to make my dreams come true after a very difficult journey and a
burdensome effort.
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LIST OF ACRONYMS

ACF Action Contre la Faim
BoARD Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development
CFSTF Community Food Security Task Force
DPPC Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission
DS Direct Support
EDRP Emergency Drought Recovery Program
EGS Employment Generation Scheme
ESAFW Environmental and Social Arrangement Framework
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
FFSCB Federal Food Security Coordination Bureau
FFSP Federal Food Security Project
FSTF Food Security Task Force
GTZ German Technical Cooperation
IDB International Development Business
IDS International Development Studies
KFSTF Kebele Food Security Task Force
MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
OFSP Other Food Security Programs
PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End poverty
PIM Programme Implementation Manual
PSNP Productive Safety Net Programme
PW Public Works
SC_UK Save the Children (United Kingdom)
SWC Soil and Water Conservation
SLM Sustainable Land Management
SNTG Safety Net Targeting Guideline
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
USAID United States Agency for International Development
WFSTF Woreda Food Security Task Force
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMENT OF AUTHOR iv
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi
LIST OF ACRONYMS vii
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIX xiii
ABSTRACT xiv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Statements of the Problem 4
1.3. Research Questions 4
1.4. Objectives of the Study 5
1.5. Significance of the Study 5
1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study 6
1.7. Hypotheses to be tested 6
1.8. Organization of the Thesis 7
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1. Concepts of Food Security and Productive Safety Net Programs 8
2.1.1. Definitions and overview of food security 8
2.1.2. Food security strategy of Ethiopia 9
2.1.3. Productive safety net program 10
2.1.4. Other food security programs 12
2.1.5. Concept of asset and asset accumulation in the context of farmers 12
2.2. Land Degradation and Sustainable Land Management Measures 13
2.2.1. Land degradation problems in Ethiopia 13
2.2.2. Sustainable land management 14
2.2.3. Previous approaches used to promote sustainable land management
in Ethiopia 15
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

2.2.4. Sustainable land management technologies 15
2.4. Impact Assessment Concepts and Approaches 17
2.4.1. Concept of impact assessment 17
2.4.2. Impact assessment approaches 18
2.5. Empirical Studies on SLM Practices and Impact of Productive Safety
Net Program 22
2.5.1. Studies on sustainable land management practices 22
2.5.2. Studies on the impact of productive safety net program on asset
accumulation and sustainable land management practices 23
2.5.3. Studies on the application of propensity score matching method 24
2.5.4. Studies on the application of Heckman’s two-step model 25
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 26
3.1. Description of the Productive Safety Net Program in the Study Area 26
3.2. Description of the Study Area 27
3.3. Sources of Data, Methods of Data Collection and Sampling Technique 29
3.3.1. Sources and Methods of data collection 29
3.3.2. Sampling technique 29
3.4. Methods of Data Analysis 30
3.4.1. Descriptive statistics 30
3. 4.2. Econometric models 31
3.5. Definitions and Choices of Variables 42
3.5.1. Choice and descriptions of variables included in PSM model 42
3.5.2. Choices and descriptions of variables included in Heckman’s two
step model 45
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 52
4.1. Descriptions of Sample Households' Characteristics 52
4.1.1. Households’ demographic background and farm characteristics 52
4.1.2. Plot level characteristics of the households 54
4.1.3. Perceptions of households 55
4.1.4. Access to extension and credit services 58
4.1.5. Farming system and crops grown 60
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