Synthetic Impulse and Aperture Radar (SIAR): A Novel Multi-Frequency MIMO Radar

438 Pages·2014·14.47 MB·English

by  Baixiao Chen

SYNTHETIC IMPULSE
AND APERTURE
RADAR (SIAR)

SYNTHETIC IMPULSE
AND APERTURE
RADAR (SIAR)
A NOVEL MULTI-FREQUENCY
MIMO RADAR
Baixiao Chen
XidianUniversity,P.R.China
JianqiWu
HefeiAssociationforScienceandTechnology,P.R.China
Thiseditionfirstpublished2014
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Syntheticimpulseandapertureradar(SIAR):anovelmulti-frequencyMIMOradar/
BaixiaoChenandJianqiWu.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-60955-2(cloth)
1.Syntheticapertureradar.2.MIMOsystems.I.Chen,Baixiao.II.Wu,Jianqi.
TK6592.S95S9742014
621.3848′5–dc23
2013030811
ISBN:978-1-118-60955-2
Setin11/13TimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
1 2014
Contents
AbouttheAuthors xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 DevelopmentofModernRadar 1
1.2 BasicFeaturesofSIAR 3
1.3 FourAntiFeaturesofSIAR 4
1.3.1 Anti-stealthofSIAR 4
1.3.2 Anti-reconnaissanceofSIAR 6
1.3.3 Anti-ARMofSIAR 6
1.3.4 Anti-interferenceofSIAR 8
1.4 MainTypesofMIMORadar 9
1.5 SIARandMIMORadar 11
1.6 OrganizationofThisBook 12
References 15
2 RadarCommonSignalWaveformandPulseCompression 17
2.1 MathematicalFormanditsClassificationofRadarSignal 17
2.1.1 SignalMathematicalForm 17
2.1.2 RadarSignalClassification 22
2.2 TheAmbiguityFunctionandRadarResolution 23
2.2.1 DefinitionandPropertiesoftheAmbiguityFunction 23
2.2.2 RadarResolution 28
2.2.3 TheAmbiguityFunctionofaConstant-FrequencyPulse 33
2.3 FMPulseSignalanditsPulseCompression 38
2.3.1 LinearFrequencyModulation(LFMorChirp)PulseSignal 40
2.3.2 NLFMPulseSignal 46
2.3.3 LFMPulseCompression 50
2.3.4 Range-DopplerUncertaintyPrincipleofLFM 54
vi Contents
2.4 PhaseCodedPulseSignalanditsProcessing 56
2.4.1 TheWaveformandItsCharacteristicofBinaryPhaseCoded
Signals 57
2.4.2 BarkerCodes 60
2.4.3 M-sequenceCodedSignal 63
2.4.4 PulseCompressionforaPhaseCodedSignal 67
2.4.5 TheEffectofDoppleronaPhaseCodedSignal 69
2.4.6 ComparisonofanLFMSignalwithaPhaseCodedSignal 71
2.5 Stepped-FrequencyPulseSignalanditsProcessing 73
2.5.1 Stepped-Frequency(Hop-Frequency)PulseSignal 73
2.5.2 FMSteppedPulseSignal 77
2.5.3 Stepped-FrequencyWaveformSynthesisProcessing 78
2.6 OrthogonalWaveform 84
2.6.1 TheOrthogonalWaveform 84
2.6.2 OrthogonalBinaryPhaseCodedSequenceDesignBasedonthe
GeneticAlgorithm 85
®
2.7 MATLAB ProgramList 95
References 102
3 SystemDesignofSIAR 103
3.1 Introduction 103
3.2 PrinciplesofSIAR 104
3.2.1 OrthogonalFrequency-CodedSignals 104
3.2.2 ConceptsofImpulseSynthesisandApertureSynthesis 106
3.2.3 Spatial-Temporal3DMatchedFiltering 107
3.2.4 SynthesisoftheTransmitBeam 109
3.3 SynthesisofTransmitPulseandAperture 113
3.3.1 WidebandSignalModelofSIAR 113
3.3.2 ImpulseSynthesisinTimeandFrequencyDomains 115
3.3.3 ImpulseSynthesisintheTimeDomain 116
3.3.4 ImpulseSynthesisintheFrequencyDomain 117
3.3.5 SamplingLossanditsCompensation 119
3.4 4DAmbiguityFunctionofSIAR 120
3.4.1 AmbiguityFunctionofaCommonRadar 120
3.4.2 4DAmbiguityFunctionofSIAR 121
3.4.3 Analysisof4DResolutionCapability 123
3.5 RadarEquationofSIARanditsCharacteristics 126
3.5.1 SIARRadarEquationandPhasedArrayRadarEquation 127
3.5.2 EnergyUtilizationRatioofSIAR 128
3.5.3 LPIPerformanceofSIAR 129
3.5.4 CompareSIARwithPAR 130
Contents vii
3.6 ExperimentalSystemofSIAR 133
3.6.1 AntennaSubsystem 134
3.6.2 TransmittingSubsystem 135
3.6.3 ReceivingSubsystem 135
3.6.4 FrequencySynthesisSubsystem 136
3.7 GainandPhaseCalibrationofSIAR 137
3.8 ExperimentalResultsofSIAR 142
3.9 SIARwithLargeRandomSparseArray 145
3.10 BriefSummary 147
®
3.11 MATLAB ProgramList 148
3.11.1 1DAmbiguity_FunctionofSIAR 148
3.11.2 2DAmbiguity_FunctionofSIAR 150
References 152
4 WaveformandSignalProcessingofSIAR 155
4.1 Introduction 155
4.2 WaveformandSignalProcessingFlowofSIAR 156
4.3 ApplicationofLFMinSIAR 160
4.4 SIARPerformanceAnalysisofPulseCompressionbasedonPhased
Codes 163
4.5 Pulse-to-PulseFrequencyCodeAgilityanditsSignalProcessingFlow 170
4.6 Group-to-GroupFrequencyCodeAgilityanditsSignalProcessing 179
4.7 BriefSummary 180
®
4.8 MATLAB ProgramList 181
4.8.1 SimulationProgramofSIARinFrequencyCodeNonagility 181
4.8.2 SimulationProgramofSIARinFrequencyCodeAgility 183
Appendix4A DeductionsofSomeEquationsinThisChapter 185
References 189
5 Long-TimeCoherentIntegrationofSIAR 191
5.1 Introduction 191
5.2 FeaturesandFaultsofLong-TimeCoherentIntegrationofSIAR 192
5.2.1 NumberofCoherentIntegrationPulsesisLimitedbythe
BandwidthofTransmittingSignals 193
5.2.2 VariationofDopplerFrequencyduringLong-TimeMotionof
theTarget 194
5.2.3 TimeLimitationofaTargetPassingthroughaResolutionBin 196
5.3 Long-TimeCoherentIntegrationBasedonMotionCompensationand
Time-FrequencyAnalysis 197
5.4 Long-TimeCoherentIntegrationBasedonPulseSynthesisofStepped
Frequency 203
5.4.1 PulseSynthesisofaStepped-FrequencySIAR 203
viii Contents
5.4.2 InfluenceofTargetMotiononStepped-FrequencySynthesis 207
5.5 ComputerSimulation 210
5.6 BriefSummary 213
References 213
6 DigitalMonopulseTrackingTechniqueofSIAR 215
6.1 OverviewoftheMonopulseTrackingTechnique 215
6.2 TrackingProcessingandSignalModelofSIAR 218
6.3 PrecisionMeasurementoftheTargetRange 220
6.3.1 FrequencyDiversityMethod(PositiveandNegativeFrequency
ImpulseSynthesisMethod) 221
6.3.2 Lead-delayImpulseSynthesisMethod 224
6.3.3 AccuracyofRangeMeasurement 227
6.3.4 ComputerSimulation 227
6.4 MeasurementsoftheSIARTarget’sDirection 230
6.5 MeasurementofDopplerFrequency 235
6.6 BriefSummary 238
References 239
7 CouplingandDecouplingbetweenRangeandAngle 241
7.1 Introduction 241
7.2 CouplingInfluenceofAngularErroronRangeMeasurement 242
7.3 CouplingInfluenceofRangeQuantizationErroronAngleMeasurement 244
7.4 Range-AngleCouplingAnalysisBasedontheFisherInformation
Matrix 247
7.5 FrequencyCodeOptimizationandThree-DimensionalDecoupling
Analysis 249
7.6 ComputerSimulation 255
7.7 BriefSummary 256
References 257
8 TargetDetectionandTrackinginSIARunderStrongJamming 259
8.1 Introduction 259
8.2 Anti-JammingMeasuresoftheSIARSystem 260
8.3 AdaptiveNullingandComputerSimulationforthePhasedArrayRadar 261
8.3.1 DigitalBeamformingforthePhasedArrayRadar 261
8.3.2 AdaptiveDigitalBeamformingforthePhasedArrayRadar 266
8.3.3 TheOptimalAdaptiveBeamformingCriteriaforthePhased
ArrayRadar 268
8.3.4 ComputerSimulationofADBF 272
8.4 AdaptiveNullingandComputerSimulationforSIAR 277
8.5 TargetRangeMeasurementinSIARUnderActiveJamming 281
8.6 TargetDirectionMeasurementinSIARUnderActiveJamming 283