Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII

261 Pages·2007·18.47 MB·English

by  John W. Lyga and George Theodoridis (Eds.)

Synthesis and Chemistry
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In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.
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In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 948
Synthesis and Chemistry
of Agrochemicals VII
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ubs.acs.or7-0948.fw
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http://bk-20 John W. Lyga, Editor
5, 2012 | 10.1021/ George FTMCh eCoodrpoorraitdioins , Editor
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Sponsored by the
ACS Division of Agrochemicals
American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library
Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8412-3967-8
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to pro­
vide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The
purpose of the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books devel­
oped from ACS sponsored symposia based on current scientific re­
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In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.
Preface
The American Chemical Society (ACS) Agrochemical Division
sponsored the symposia, Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals, at
1 its National meetings since 1984 to provide the agrochemical community
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orpr with a forum in which to present work in the field. The emphasis of the
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10 to broaden the scope and encourage all agricultural scientists to share
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n Ju07 | to Field and Good Ideas That Never Made It to Products conducted at
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y 89.e: Fe key factor in our industry. Of the many thousands of compounds
d bDat screened for biological activity each year, only a small percentage
adeon survive to advanced laboratory biological testing, and eventually to field
ownloblicati testing. Only the precious few go into more extensive field, toxicology
Du and environmental fate studies. More often than not, a compound that is
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biologically active under laboratory or greenhouse conditions will not
survive the numerous barriers and harsh conditions that Nature inflicts.
The symposium presentations included in this volume dealt not only with
factors contributing to the success of a given project, but also with
factors that played a role in the inability of some of these compounds to
advance, from screens to lab to field.
This book opens with an overview of innovation and challenges
in the agrochemical industry followed by a discussion of the physical
properties of agrochemicals, as well as early-stage assessment of meta-
xi
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.
bolic stability. The book is then divided into four sections, each section
addressing a different stage in the development of an agrochemical
product. Chapters in each section address the technical difficulties
commonly encountered at each stage. Topics include the synthesis,
biological activity, structure-activity relationships, mode of action, and
experimental design of the various chemistries. Chapters in each of the
four sections present examples of agrochemicals in the areas of herb­
icides, fungicides, and insecticides.
We express our deepest appreciation to all of those who contributed
papers and presented their work at both symposia. Our special thanks go
to the authors for their efforts in preparing the chapters that makeup this
book. We are also indebted to Barbara Collura at FMC for her adminis­
1
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n Ju07 | George Theodoridis
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xii
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.
Synthesis and Chemistry
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In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.
Chapter 1
Innovation Opportunities in the Crop
Protection Industry
Ann Orth, George Theodoridis, and John W. Lyga
Discovery Research and Development Department, Agricultural Products
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ubs.acs.or7-0948.ch
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163.35.42 bruary 1, 2 Sir Winston Churchill
d by 89.Date: Fe The crop protection industry has gone through remarkable change over the
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sales growth over the past decade was Nufarm; however, their success was based
not on internal discovery of new active ingredients, but through acquisition of
companies and products (I). During this same period, however, we also have
experienced unprecedented innovation, most notably the introduction of
genetically altered crops. As of last year, nearly 240 million acres of genetically
modified (GM) crops were planted worldwide, taking a continually increasing
market share from the more traditional chemical pesticides (2).
We live in an ever-changing global marketplace. The agricultural chemicals
industry was at its lowest in sales in 2003 after years of decline, but 2004
brought an upturn with 5.5% real growth (3). Overall trends show a positive
forecast for South America and Eastern Europe, but the rest of the world is
experiencing stagnant or declining profits. There are several key factors which
© 2007 American Chemical Society 1
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals VII; Lyga, J., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2007.