Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV

494 Pages·1995·42.244 MB·English

by  Don R. Baker, Joseph G. Fenyes, and Gregory S. Basarab (Eds.)

Synthesis and Chemistry
of Agrochemicals IV
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In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
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In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
584
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
Synthesis and Chemistry
of Agrochemicals IV
Don R. Baker,
s.org w001 Zeneca Ag P rodEDuIcTOtsR
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American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1995
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
TP 248 .P47S964 1995 copy 1
Synthesis and chemistry of
agroehemicals IV
org 001
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
1994 Advisory Board
ACS Symposium Series
M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor
Robert J. Alaimo Douglas R. Lloyd
Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals The University of Texas at Austin
Mark Arnold Cynthia A. Maryanoff
University of Iowa R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical
Research Institute
s.org w001 DUnaivviedrs iBtya koef rT ennessee Julius J. Menn
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Madeleine M. Joullie John R. Shapley
University of Pennsylvania University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign
Lawrence P. Klemann
Nabisco Foods Group L. Somasundaram
DuPont
Gretchen S. Kohl
Dow-Corning Corporation Michael D. Taylor
Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research
Bonnie Lawlor
Institute for Scientific Information Peter Willett
University of Sheffield (England)
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
Foreword
JLHE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES was first published in 1974 to
provide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book
form. The purpose of this series is to publish comprehensive
org 001 books developed from symposia, which are usually "snapshots
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2002 the topic and for comprehensiveness of the collection. Some
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Do Pu view papers are included in the volumes. Verbatim reproduc
tions of previously published papers are not accepted.
M. Joan Comstock
Series Editor
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
Preface
RACHEL CARSON, 32 years ago in her book Silent Spring, discussed the
dangers of certain chemicals used in industry, agriculture, and health care.
Carson implicated DDT in particular for its persistence in the environ
ment and its deleterious effects on off-target organisms. During and after
the second World War, DDT was even used for treating humans for lice
and related conditions. To a large extent, we can credit Rachel Carson
g 1 and the publication of Silent Spring for many changes in public, industrial,
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89.e: various methods used to evaluate biological activity. However, beyond
by Dat activity, an agrochemical must show favorable properties relating to mam
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Do Pu bicides (sulfonylureas and imidazolinones) with application rates of grams
rather than pounds per acre. We have safer, less persistent agrochemicals
in place of highly chlorinated fungicides and insecticides. We continue to
strive quite successfully to find increasingly safer chemicals for agrochemi
cal uses.
As with the previous three volumes, our goal is to inform the reader
of the current trends in research for safe, efficient, biologically active
chemicals. The organization of this book is similar to that of the preced
ing three volumes. After the overview chapter and a second chapter
reviewing bioisosterism in agrochemicals, a section of chapters describes
the discovery of new plant control agents. The following section deals
with control of insects and acarids. The final section covers the control
of fungal diseases.
xiii
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
Acknowledgments
We express our appreciation to the authors who shared the results of
their interesting work with us during the symposia. Special thanks go to
those who spent many extra hours preparing the chapters for publication
in this volume. We hope that the readers—be they chemists, microbiolo
gists, entomologists, plant physiologists, or medicinal chemists—will find
the chapters interesting, useful and, above all, stimulating.
Last, but not least, we also thank our employers, Buckman Labora
tories International, Inc., DuPont, and Zeneca Ag Products; without their
generous support of the symposia, this volume and the previous three
volumes could not have been published.
DON R. BAKER
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xiv
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
Chapter 1
Bioassays in the Discovery Process
of Agrochemicals
Gregory S. Basarab1, Don R. Baker2, and Joseph G. Fenyes3
DuPont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center,
Newark, DE 19714
2Zeneca Ag Products, 1200 South 47th Street, Richmond, CA 94804
3Buckman Laboratories International, Inc., 1256 North McLean
Boulevard, Memphis, TN 38108
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b5 butes of a chemical that are ultimately useful to the farmer. Among
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Do Pu An irony of modern life is that those commodities that are truly most precious are those
that we do not pay for dearly. We pay tremendous prices for diamonds which
contribute little to day-to-day livelihood. Conversely, we pay relatively little for our
food, expecting abundant supplies at the local grocery store. Even when famine sweeps
across countries or regions, the cause is usually rooted in politics rather than actual
supply or failures by worldwide farming. Today the world is able to feed its population;
some regions are perhaps more successful than others, but overall food is cheap and
plentiful. It would be hard to imagine this world otherwise and it offers us some
measure of hope that few of the world conflicts deal with access to the necessities of life
such as food, water and shelter.
At this point in time, the farmer efficiently feeds the world having met the chal­
lenge of population growth; the growth in productivy of United States agriculture, for
0097-6156/95/0584-0001$12.00/0
© 1995 American Chemical Society
In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.