Syntax-Phonology Interface: Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese Dialects

246 Pages·2016·5.48 MB·English

by  Hongming Zhang

Syntax-Phonology Interface
T his book centers on theoretical issues of phonology-syntax interface based on
tone sandhi in Chinese dialects. It uses patterns in tone sandhi to study how speech
should be divided into domains of various sizes or levels.
T one sandhi refers to tonal changes that occur to a sequence of adjacent syllables
or words. The size of this sequence (or the domain) is determined by various
factors, in particular the syntactic structure of the words and the original tones of
the words. Chinese dialects offer a rich body of data on tone sandhi and are hence
great evidence for examining the phonology-syntax interface and for examining
the resulting levels of domains (the prosodic hierarchy).
Syntax-Phonology Interface: Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese
Dialects is an extremely valuable text for graduate students and scholars in the
fi elds of linguistics and Chinese.
Hongming Zhang is a leading expert on tone sandhi, and this book is the culmi-
nation of a lifetime of research.
Routledge Studies in Chinese Linguistics
Series editor: Hongming Zhang
Titles in the series:
Clause-Based Chinese Grammar Theory and Analyses ( forthcoming)
Fuyi Xing
Cognition-Based Studies on Chinese Grammar (forthcoming)
Yulin Yuan, translated by Guoxiang Wu
Dimensions of Variation in Written Chinese (forthcoming)
Zheng-Sheng Zhang
Lexical Ontological Semantics ( forthcoming)
Yulin Yuan, translated by Guoxiang Wu
Mandarin Chinese Words and Parts of Speech
Corpus-Based Foundational Studies ( forthcoming)
Huang Chu-Ren, Keh-Jiann Chen and Shu-Kai Hsieh
Partition and Quantity
Numeral Classifi ers, Measurement, and Partitive
Constructions in Mandarin Chinese ( forthcoming)
Jing Jin
Syntax-Phonology Interface
Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese Dialects
Hongming Zhang
Syntax-Phonology Interface
Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in
Chinese Dialects
Hongming Zhang
First published 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2017 Hongming Zhang
The right of Hongming Zhang to be identifi ed as author of this work has
been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-93481-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-317-38901-9 (ebk)
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To Lilly and Louise
“All models are wrong, but some are useful.”
—George Box (1919–2013)
Contents
Abbreviations viii
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
1 Theoretical issues of syntax-phonology interface 4
2 Functional relations in tone sandhi 19
3 The c-command condition in phonology 59
4 Some issues in Mandarin interface studies 105
5 Function words and rhythmic effect 135
6 Theoretical discussions 181
7 Concluding remarks 212
Bibliography 215
Author index 228
Language index 230
Subject index 231
Abbreviations
# tonal boundary/phonological process blocked
$ citation tone form is kept in tone sandhi
() to indicate prosodic structure
* ungrammatical form/metrical grid slot
[] to indicate syntactic structure
= application of a rule
3T third tone
3TS Mandarin third tone sandhi
A argument
AC Association Convention
AP adjective phrase
ARG argument
ASP aspect
AvP adverb phrase
BM base melody
BT base tone
C/COM/Comp complementizer
CG clitic group
Cl/Cla classifi er
CLR column lowering rule
CP complementizer phrase
CT citation tone
CTS clitic tone sandhi
CTS-L left-branching clitic tone sandhi
CTS-R right-branching clitic tone sandhi
DIR directional
DM duple meter/direct mapping
DP determiner phrase
DRA direct reference approach
DT default tone
E even tone
FFR Foot Formation Rule
Ft foot
FW function word
Abbreviations ix
GB Government and Binding
H high tone
HR high register
IC immediate constituent
Infl infl ection
INT interrogative
IP infl ectional phrase
Iph intonational phrase
IRA Indirect Reference Approach
L low tone
LCC Lexical Category Condition
LF logical form
LR low register
LS locative structure
LTS lexical tone sandhi
M modifi er/middle tone/undergoing metricalization
M˜NM metricalization is optional
MaP major prosodic category
MH modifi er-head
MHa adverbial MH
MHb adnominal MH
MiP minor prosodic category
MOD mood
MP Minimalist Program
MR reduplicated measure word
MRU minimal rhythmic unit
n neutral tone
NHS non-head stress
NM number-measure/not undergoing metricalization
NoStr no straddling
NP noun phrase
O oblique tone
OT Optimality Theory
P preposition
PF phonetic form
PP preposition phrase
PPh phonological phrase
Pr predicate
PrP predication phrase
PSA Prosodically Syntax-Sensitive Approach
PTS phrasal tone sandhi/post-lexical tone sandhi
PU phonological utterance
PW/PWd prosodic word/phonological word
q glottal stop
QP quantifi er phrase
QR quantifi er raising