Synapse and System: Weaving Together Neuroscience and Social Science

434 Pages·2013·7.19 MB·English

by  Harriette C. Johnson

Behavioral Neuroscience for the Human Services

Behavioral Neuroscience for the
Human Services
foundations in emotion, mental health,
addiction, and alternative therapies
Harriette C. Johnson, MSW, PhD
1
1

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Johnson, Harriette C.
Behavioral Neuroscience for the Human Services: Foundations in
Emotion, Mental Health, Addiction, and Alternative Th erapies/ Harriette C. Johnson.
pages cm
ISBN 978–0–19–979415–7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Psychiatric social work. 2. Neuroscience.
3. Neuropsychology. 4. Mental illness. 5. Mentally ill—Services for. I. Title.
HV689.J64 2013
362.2′0425—dc23
2013016587

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
To my four lively spirits
Jennifer Elizabeth, Laurie, Diana, and Amy
Biopsychosocial daughters all

{ CONTENTS }

Acknowledgments xi
Preface xv
part i Our Professions Come of Age: Neuroscience
Knowledge and Tools for Biopsychosocial Practice
1. Why Should I Care about Brain Science? I’m a “People” Person 3
2. Neuroscience Knowledge: How Is It Faring in the
Second Decade of the Millennium? 6
3. Normality, Professional Culture, and Psychiatric
Disorders: Diagnosing Jared 10
4. Breaking Th rough: Is It Nature or Nurture? Domains of
Biological Infl uence on Psychological Functions 1 4
5. Why Do We Know So Much More Now Th an in the
1980s and 1990s? 29
6. What Can We Make of Jenny’s Rages? Biology-Environment
Disputes Among Mental Health Social Work Specialists
(by Marcia Brubeck, MSW, JD) 3 2
7. Th e Biopsychosocial Perspective: Th eoretical
Frameworks, Unifying Th emes 35
8. Th e Biopsychosocial Perspective: Genetics, Epigenetics,
and Complex Adaptive Systems 45
9. Assessment and Intervention Planning with Individuals and
Families: Th ree Tools for Combining Multisystems and
Evidence-Based Analysis 51
10. Complementary Roles of Quantitative and Narrative
Approaches: How We Used Th em Together to Learn about
Parent/ Professional Relationships 66
viii Contents
part ii Fundamentals of Neuroscience: Brain Works
11. Brain Structures: Larger (Visible to the Human Eye) 73
12. Brain Structures: Microscopic (Neurons, Synapses, and
Other Amazing Brain Actors) 84
13. Th e Brain’s Natural Chemicals: Precursors,
Messengers, and Enzymes 88
14. Neurotransmission: How the Brain Sends and
Receives Messages 95
15. Neurotransmitters: Synthesis Th rough Release in Four Steps 99
1 6. O utcomes: Th e Fift h Step in Neurotransmission 1 03
17. Some Classes of Drugs and Other Substances:
A gents of Brain Adventures 1 06
18. Using Neuroscience Information to Empower
(excerpt from process recording): José, 38, Angry, Abused,
and Court-Mandated (by Joseph D’ Amico, MSW) 1 11
part iii Hidden Circuits: Neural Networks Today,
Connectomes on the Horizon
19. Human Neural Systems: Working for You Day and Night 1 17
20. Pleasures: Your Favorites, My Favorites, and How
Brain Ingenuity Puts Th em on the Map 1 23
21. Eating: Th e Pleasures Th at Keep on Pleasing 1 33
22. Eating and Obesity: Has Pleasure Vanquished Homeostasis? 138
23. Trauma and Stress: Neural Networks
(by Elizabeth D’Amico, MSW, PhD) 144
24. Jason: Multiple Traumas, Social Work Interventions
(by Elizabeth D’Amico, MSW, PhD) 161
part iv Substance Abuse and Addiction: Defi nitions,
Contributing Factors, and Interventions
2 5. A ddiction: Defi nitions, Risk and Protective Factors 1 69
26. Brain Structures and Systems Involved in Substance
A buse and Addiction 1 72
2 7. H ow Do We Become Addicted? 1 75