Table Of ContentC.A. Strine
Sworn Enemies
Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die
alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
Herausgegeben von
John Barton · F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp
Reinhard G. Kratz · Markus Witte
Band 436
De Gruyter
C. A. Strine
Sworn Enemies
The Divine Oath, the Book of Ezekiel,
and the Polemics of Exile
De Gruyter
ISBN 978-3-11-029039-4
e-ISBN 978-3-11-029053-0
ISSN 0934-2575
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pour#Jacques;#for#Jack
Table#of#Contents
Acknowledgements.....................................................................................##xi
Sigla#and#Abbreviations...........................................................................##xiii
Chapter#One:#Introduction..........................................................................##1
1.#Formulaic#Language#in#Ezekiel’s#Rhetoric........................................##2
2.#Forms#of#the#Divine#Oath.....................................................................##6
3.#History#of#Research.............................................................................##10
4.#Methodological#Guidelines................................................................##17
a.#Comparative#Analysis.....................................................................##17
b.#Form#Critical#Analysis.....................................................................##22
c.#Public#and#Hidden#Transcripts.......................................................#26
Part#One:#The#Meaning#of#the#“As#I#Live”
and#“Lifted#Hand”#Formulae
Chapter#Two:#The#Ancient#Near#Eastern#Context#for#
the#Divine#Oath...........................................................................................##43
1.#Ancient#Near#Eastern#Comparative#Study#and#
the#Book#of#Ezekiel..................................................................................##44
2.#The#Divine#Oath#in#Egyptian#Texts...................................................##46
3.#The#Divine#Oath#in#Akkadian#Texts..................................................##52
4.#The#Divine#Oath#in#Ugaritic#Texts.....................................................##65
5.#Summary...............................................................................................##69
Excursus#One:#The#Lifted#Hand#Formula#and#Akkadian#
našû%nadānu..................................................................................................##72
1.#Evidence#for#the#“Lifted#Hand”#Formula#as#a#
Divine#Oath..............................................................................................##73
2.#Difficulties#Internal#to#the#Hebrew#Bible.........................................##74
3.#Našû%nadānu:#A#New#Potential#Parallel............................................##86
Chapter#Three:#Genre#Analysis#of#the#“As#I#Live”#and#
“Lifted#Hand”#Formulae............................................................................##98
1.#The#Concept#of#Genre.........................................................................##98
2.#Genre#and#the#“As#I#Live”#Formula................................................##102
viii Table#of#Contents##
3.#Genre#and#the#“Lifted#Hand”#Formula..........................................##116
a.#The#“Lifted#Hand”#Formula#and#the#Land#Theme...................##118
b.#The#“Lifted#Hand”#Formula#and#the#Punishment
Theme..................................................................................................##123
4.#Summary.............................................................................................##127
Chapter#Four:#Social#and#Literary#Se_ing#of#the#“As#I#Live”
and#“Lifted#Hand”#Formulae..................................................................##129
1.#Prolegomena:#The#Relationship#between#Num#13–14
and#Ezekiel.............................................................................................##130
2.#Social#Se_ing#of#the#“As#I#live”#Authenticating#
Element...................................................................................................##134
3.#Social#Se_ing#of#the#“Lifted#Hand”#Land#Transfer#
Formula....................................................................................................#154
4.#Social#Se_ing#of#the#“Lifted#Hand”#Punishment#
Formula...................................................................................................##165
5.#Implications#for#Ezekiel’s#Relationship#to#the#
Holiness#Code........................................................................................##166
6.#Summary.............................................................................................##169
Excursus#Two:#The#Meaning#of#the#“Lifted#Hand”#Formula.............##171
1.#Summary#of#Evidence.......................................................................##171
2.#Summary#of#Findings.......................................................................##173
Part#Two:#The#Function#of#the#“As#I#Live”
and#“Lifted#Hand”#Formulae
Chapter#Five:#The#IntraaJudahite#Polemics#of#Exile.............................##177
1.#The#End#of#YHWH’s#Restraint:#Ezek#5:5a17......................................##178
2.#This#Land#is#Our#Land......................................................................##181
a.#Abraham#Was#One#Man:#Ezek#33:23a29......................................##183
b.#The#Land#of#Sojourn:#Ezek#20.......................................................##190
c.#Jacob#and#Esau:#Ezek#35:1–36:15..................................................##193
d.#Jerusalem’s#Genealogy:#Ezek#16:43a58........................................##211
3.#Ezekiel#and#the#Formation#of#the#Pentateuch................................##215
4.#Ezekiel’s#Fight#for#the#Public#Transcript........................................##221
5.#Summary.............................................................................................##226
Chapter#Six:#The#InteraNational#Polemics#of#Exile...............................##228
1.#Whither#Babylonia?...........................................................................##228
2.#Divine#Human#Cooperation:#Ezek#17:1a24....................................##230
Table#of#Contents## ix
a.#Ezek#17:1a10.....................................................................................##231
b.#Ezek#17:11a21..................................................................................##233
c.#Ezek#17:22a24...................................................................................##239
d.#Hidden#Transcript#in#Ezek#17......................................................##241
3.#The#True#Shepherd:#Ezek#34:1a16....................................................##243
4.#Return#of#the#King:#Ezek#20:32a44...................................................##252
5.#Ezekiel#and#Monotheism..................................................................##258
6.#Ezekiel#and#the#Arts#of#Resistance..................................................##262
7.#Summary.............................................................................................##267
Chapter#Seven:#Summary#and#Conclusion...........................................##269
1.#Summary#of#Findings.......................................................................##270
2.#The#Polemics#of#Exile#as#Identity#Formation.................................##276
3.#Boundary#Markers#in#Ezekiel..........................................................##279
Appendix#One:#A#Structural#Analysis#of#the#“As#I#Live”#and#
“Lifted#Hand”#Passages...........................................................................##284
1.#The#“As#I#Live”#Formula#Passages..................................................##284
a.#Num#14:11ba23a..............................................................................##284
b.#Num#14:26a38..................................................................................##284
c.#Deut#32:26a43...................................................................................##285
d.#Isa#49:14a21......................................................................................##285
e.#Jer#22:24a27......................................................................................##285
f.#Jer#46:13a24.......................................................................................##286
g.#Ezek#5:5a17......................................................................................##286
h.#Ezek#14:12a23..................................................................................##287
i.#Ezek#16:44a58...................................................................................##287
j.#Ezek#17:11a22....................................................................................##288
k.#Ezek#18:1a32....................................................................................##288
l.#Ezek#20:1a31.....................................................................................##289
m.#Ezek#20:32a44.................................................................................##289
n.#Ezek#33:10a20..................................................................................##289
o.#Ezek#33:23a29..................................................................................##290
p.#Ezek#34:1a22....................................................................................##290
q.#Ezek#35:1–36:15...............................................................................##291
r.#Zeph#2:8a11......................................................................................##292
2.#The#“Lifted#Hand”#Formulae#Passages..........................................##292
a.#Exod#6:2a8........................................................................................##292
b.#Num#14:26a38..................................................................................##293
c.#Deut#32:26a43...................................................................................##293
d.#Ezek#20:1a31....................................................................................##293
e.#Ezek#20:32a44...................................................................................##293
x Table#of#Contents##
f.#Ezek#36:1a7.......................................................................................##293
g.#Ezek#44:9a14....................................................................................##293
h.#Ezek#47:13a14..................................................................................##293
i.#Ps#106:24a27......................................................................................##294
j.#Neh#9:5ba37.......................................................................................##294
Bibliography..............................................................................................##295
Index#of#Ancient#Texts..............................................................................##323
Index#of#Authors........................................................................................##338
