Switch/Router Architectures: Review of Shared-Bus and Shared-Memory Based Systems

327 Pages·2018·15.04 MB·English

by  Dr. James Aweya

SWITCH/ROUTER
ARCHITECTURES
IEEE Press
445 Hoes Lane
Piscataway, NJ 08854
IEEE Press Editorial Board
Ekram Hossain, Editor inChief
GiancarloFortino AndreasMolisch LindaShafer
DavidAlanGrier SaeidNahavandi MohammadShahidehpour
DonaldHeirman RayPerez SarahSpurgeon
XiaoouLi JeffreyReed AhmetMuratTekalp
SWITCH/ROUTER
ARCHITECTURES
Shared-Bus and Shared-Memory
Based Systems
JAMES AWEYA
Copyright2018byTheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AbouttheAuthor vii
Preface ix
1 Introductionto Switch/Router Architectures 1
2 UnderstandingShared-Bus and Shared-Memory
Switch Fabrics 17
3 Shared-Busand Shared-Memory-Based
Switch/RouterArchitectures 43
4 Software Requirements for Switch/Routers 61
5 Architectures with Bus-Based SwitchFabrics:
Case Study—DECNIS 500/600 Multiprotocol Bridge/Router 87
6 Architectures with Bus-Based SwitchFabrics:
Case Study—ForeSystems Powerhub Multilayer Switches 111
7 Architectures with Bus-Based SwitchFabrics:
Case Study—CiscoCatalyst 6000 Series Switches 129
8 Architectures with Shared-Memory-BasedSwitch Fabrics:
Case Study—CiscoCatalyst 3550 Series Switches 151
v
vi TABLEOFCONTENTS
9 Architectures with Bus-Based Switch Fabrics:
Case Study—Cisco Catalyst6500 Series Switches
with Supervisor Engine 32 171
10 Architectures with Shared-Memory-Based Switch Fabrics:
Case Study—Cisco Catalyst8500 CSR Series 191
11 Quality ofService Mechanisms inthe Switch/Routers 213
12 Quality ofService Configuration Tools inSwitch/Routers 227
13 Case Study:Quality of Service Processingin the
Cisco Catalyst6000and 6500Series Switches 249
AppendixA:EthernetFrame 267
AppendixB:IPv4Packet 285
References 313
Index 317
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
JamesAweyawasaSeniorSystemsArchitectwiththeglobalTelecomcompany
Nortel,Ottawa,Canada,from1996to2009.HisworkwithNortelinvolvedmany
areas,includingthedesignofcommunicationnetworks,protocolsandalgorithms,
switchesandrouters,andotherTelecomandITequipment.HereceivedhisB.Sc.
(Hons.) degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from the University of
Science&Technology,Kumasi,Ghana;M.Sc.inElectricalEngineeringfromthe
UniversityofSaskatchewan,Saskatoon,Canada;andPh.D.inElectricalEngineer-
ing from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He has authored more than 54
international journal papers, 39 conference papers, 43 technical reports, and
received 63 U.S. patents, with more patents pending. He was awarded the 2007
NortelTechnologyAwardofExcellence(TAE)forhispioneeringandinnovative
researchonTimingandSynchronizationacrossPacketandTDMNetworks.Hewas
alsorecognizedin2007asoneofNortel’stop15innovators.Dr.AweyaisaSenior
MemberoftheIEEE.HeispresentlyaChiefResearchScientistatEBTIC(Etisalat
BritishTelecomInnovationCenter)inAbuDhabi,UAE,responsibleforresearchin
next-generation mobile network architectures, timing and synchronization over
packetnetworks,indoorlocalizationoverWiFinetworks,cloudRANs,software-
definednetworks,networkfunctionvirtualization,andotherareasofnetworkingof
interest to EBTIC stakeholdersandpartners.
vii

PREFACE
This book discusses the design of multilayer switches, sometimes called switch/
routers, starting with thebasic concepts and then on tothe basic architectures. It
describes the evolution of multilayer switch designs and highlights the major
performance issues affecting each design. The need to build faster multilayer
switches has been addressed over the years in a variety of ways and the book
discusses these in various chapters. In particular, we examine the architectural
constraints imposed by the various multilayer switch designs. The design issues
discussed include performance, implementation complexity, and scalability to
higher speeds.
Thegoalofthebookisnottopresentanexhaustivelistortaxonomyofdesign
alternativesbuttousestrategicallyselecteddesigns(someofwhichareabitold,but
still represent contemporary designs) to highlight the design philosophy behind
eachdesign.Theselectionoftheexampledesignsdoesnotinanywaysuggesta
preferenceforonevendordesignorproductovertheother.Theselectionisbased
purelyonhowrepresentativeadesigncoversthetopicsofinterestandalsoonhow
much information (available in the public domain) could be gathered on the
particular design to enable a proper coverage of the topics. The designs selected
tendtoberepresentativeofthemajorityoftheotherdesignsnotdiscussedinthe
book.
Eventoday,mostdesignsstilladopttheoldapproacheshighlightedinthebook.
A design itself might have existed for some time, but the design concepts have
stayedprettymuchaliveinthetelecommunication(Telecoms)industryascommon
practice.Thefunctionsandfeaturesofthemultilayerswitchhavestayedverymuch
thesameovertheyears.Whathasmainlychangedistheuseofadvancesinhigher
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