Switchmode RF Power Amplifiers

443 Pages·2007·5.45 MB·English

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Switchmode RF Power Amplifiers
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Switchmode RF Power Amplifiers
Andrei Grebennikov
Nathan O. Sokal
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON (cid:127) HEIDELBERG (cid:127) LONDON
NEW YORK (cid:127) OXFORD (cid:127) PARIS (cid:127) SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO (cid:127) SINGAPORE (cid:127) SYDNEY (cid:127) TOKYO
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Grebennikov,Andrei,1956–
Switchmoderfpoweramplifiers/ByAndreiGrebennikovandNathanO.Sokal.–1sted.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-7506-7962-6(alk.paper)
1.Poweramplifiers. 2.Microwaveamplifiers. I. Sokal,NathanO.II. Title.
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621.3815’35–dc22 2007017121
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Table of Contents
About Andrei Grebennikov........................................................................................... ix
About Nathan O. Sokal............................................................................................... xi
Preface..................................................................................................................... xiii
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................... xvii
Chapter 1: Power-Amplifier Design Principles................................................................. 1
1.1 Spectral-Domain Analysis................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Basic Classes of Operation: A, AB, B, and C................................................................. 7
1.3 Active Device Models.................................................................................................... 15
1.4 High-Frequency Conduction Angle............................................................................... 20
1.5 Nonlinear Effect of Collector Capacitance.................................................................... 27
1.6 Push-Pull Power Amplifiers........................................................................................... 30
1.7 Power Gain and Stability............................................................................................... 35
1.8 Parametric Oscillations................................................................................................... 46
References.............................................................................................................................. 50
Chapter 2: Class-D Power Amplifiers........................................................................... 55
2.1 Switched-Mode Power Amplifiers with Resistive Load............................................... 55
2.2 Complementary Voltage-Switching Configuration....................................................... 64
2.3 Transformer-Coupled Voltage-Switching Configuration.............................................. 69
2.4 Symmetrical Current-Switching Configuration............................................................. 71
2.5 Transformer-Coupled Current-Switching Configuration............................................... 74
2.6 Voltage-Switching Configuration with Reactive Load................................................. 78
2.7 Drive and Transition Time............................................................................................. 82
2.8 Practical Class-D Power Amplifier Implementation..................................................... 89
References.............................................................................................................................. 92
Chapter 3: Class-F Power Amplifiers........................................................................... 95
3.1 Biharmonic Operation Mode.......................................................................................... 95
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3.2 Idealized Class-F Mode................................................................................................ 104
3.3 Class F with Maximally Flat Waveforms.................................................................... 108
3.4 Class F with Quarter-wave Transmission Line........................................................... 115
3.5 Effect of Saturation Resistance and Shunt Capacitance.............................................. 119
3.6 Load Networks with Lumped Elements...................................................................... 123
3.7 Load Networks with Transmission Lines.................................................................... 129
3.8 LDMOSFET Power-Amplifier Design Examples....................................................... 133
3.9 Practical RF and Microwave Class-F Power Amplifiers............................................. 138
References............................................................................................................................ 145
Chapter 4: Inverse Class F........................................................................................ 151
4.1 Biharmonic Operation Mode........................................................................................ 151
4.2 Idealized Inverse Class-F Mode................................................................................... 158
4.3 Inverse Class F with Quarter-wave Transmission Line............................................... 161
4.4 Load Networks with Lumped Elements...................................................................... 162
4.5 Load Networks with Transmission Lines.................................................................... 164
4.6 LDMOSFET Power-Amplifier Design Examples....................................................... 167
4.7 Practical Implementation.............................................................................................. 172
References............................................................................................................................ 176
Chapter 5: Class E with Shunt Capacitance................................................................ 179
5.1 Effect of Detuned Resonant Circuit............................................................................. 179
5.2 Load Network with Shunt Capacitor and Series Filter............................................... 183
5.3 Matching with Standard Load...................................................................................... 192
5.4 Effect of Saturation Resistance.................................................................................... 195
5.5 Driving Signal and Finite Switching Time.................................................................. 198
5.6 Effect of Nonlinear Shunt Capacitance....................................................................... 206
5.7 Push-Pull Operation Mode........................................................................................... 208
5.8 Load Network with Transmission Lines...................................................................... 213
5.9 Practical RF and Microwave Class-E Power Amplifiers and Applications................ 218
References............................................................................................................................ 227
Chapter 6: Class E with Finite dc-Feed Inductance...................................................... 233
6.1 Class E with One Capacitor and One Inductor............................................................ 233
6.2 Generalized Class-E Load Network with Finite dc-Feed Inductance......................... 241
6.3 Subharmonic Class E.................................................................................................... 250
6.4 Parallel-Circuit Class E................................................................................................ 253
6.5 Even-Harmonic Class E............................................................................................... 257
6.6 Effect of Bondwire Inductance.................................................................................... 260
6.7 Load Network with Transmission Lines...................................................................... 261
6.8 Broadband Class E....................................................................................................... 269
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6.9 Power Gain................................................................................................................... 280
6.10 CMOS Class-E Power Amplifiers.............................................................................. 283
References............................................................................................................................ 287
Chapter 7: Class E with Quarter-wave Transmission Line............................................ 293
7.1 Load Network with Parallel Quarter-wave Line......................................................... 293
7.2 Optimum Load Network Parameters........................................................................... 301
7.3 Load Network with Zero Series Reactance................................................................. 302
7.4 Matching Circuit with Lumped Elements.................................................................... 307
7.5 Matching Circuit with Transmission Lines.................................................................. 310
7.6 Load Network with Series Quarter-wave Line and Shunt Filter................................ 312
References............................................................................................................................ 314
Chapter 8: Alternative and Mixed-Mode High-Efficiency Power Amplifiers..................... 315
8.1 Class-DE Power Amplifier........................................................................................... 316
8.2 Class-E/F Power Amplifiers......................................................................................... 330
8.3 Biharmonic Class-E Power Amplifier....................................................................... 338
M
8.4 Inverse Class-E Power Amplifiers............................................................................... 344
8.5 Harmonic Tuning Using Load-Pull Techniques.......................................................... 352
References............................................................................................................................ 359
Chapter 9: Computer-Aided Design of Switched-Mode Power Amplifiers........................ 363
9.1 HB-PLUS Program for Half-Bridge and Full-Bridge Direct-Coupled
Voltage-Switching Class-D and Class-DE Circuits..................................................... 363
9.2 HEPA-PLUS CAD Program for Class E..................................................................... 368
9.3 Effect of Class-E Load-Network Parameter Variations.............................................. 371
9.4 HB-PLUS CAD Examples for Class D and Class DE................................................ 375
9.5 HEPA-PLUS CAD Example for Class E.................................................................... 381
9.6 Class-E Power-Amplifier Design Using SPICE.......................................................... 392
9.7 ADS Circuit Simulator and Its Applicability to Switched-Mode Class E.................. 398
9.8 ADS CAD Design Example: High-Efficiency Two-Stage L-Band HBT
Power Amplifier........................................................................................................... 403
References............................................................................................................................ 418
Index...................................................................................................................... 421
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About Andrei Grebennikov
Dr. Andrei Grebennikov, IEEE Senior Member, has obtained a long-term academic
andindustrialexperienceworkingwithMoscowTechnicalUniversityofCommunicationsand
Informatics, Russia; Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore; M/A-COM, Ireland; and
Infineon Technologies, Germany, as an engineer, researcher, lecturer, and educator. He
lecturedasaGuestProfessorattheUniversityofLinz,Austria,andpresentedshortcoursesas
an Invited Speaker at the International Microwave Symposium, European Microwave
Conference, and Motorola Design Centre, Malaysia. He is an author of more than 60 papers,
3 books, and several European and U.S. patents.
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