Table Of ContentSwift Development with Cocoa
wS
Ready to build apps for iPhone, iPad, and Mac now that Swift has landed? If
you’re an experienced programmer who’s never touched Apple developer w
i
tools, this hands-on book shows you how to use the Swift language to t
make incredible iOS and OS X apps, using Cocoa and Cocoa Touch. hi
f
Learn how to use Swift in a wide range of real-world situations, with t
C
Cocoa features such as EventKit and Core Animation. You’ll pick up Swift
D
language features and syntax along the way, and understand why using o
Swift (instead of Objective-C) makes iOS and Mac app development easier, e
c
faster, and safer. You’ll also work with several exercises to help you practice v
o
as you learn.
e
a
l
■ Learn the OS X and iOS application lifecycle o
■ Use storyboards to design adaptive interfaces p
■ Explore graphics systems, including the built-in 2D and 3D m
game frameworks
e
■ Display video and audio with AVFoundation
n S wift
■ Store data locally with the filesystem, or on the network with
t
iCloud
■ Display lists or collections of data with table views and
collection views
■ Build apps that let users create, edit, and work with documents Development
■ Use MapKit, Core Location, and Core Motion to interact with
the world
Jonathan Manning, cofounder of Secret Lab, is a mobile software engineer,
game designer, and computing researcher. Follow him on Twitter at @desplesda. B with Cocoa
u
Paris Buttfield-Addison, also a cofounder of Secret Lab, is a mobile software engineer, t
t
game designer, and computing researcher. Follow him on Twitter at @parisba. fi
e
l
Tim Nugent, not a cofounder of Secret Lab, is a mobile app developer, game d
&-M
designer, PhD student, and author. Follow him on Twitter at @The_McJones. NAa
d
ugedisnnin
nog DEVELOPING FOR THE MAC AND IOS APP STORES
MACINTOSH/IPAD &IPHONE Twitter: @oreillymedia tn,
facebook.com/oreilly
US $39.99 CAN $41.99
ISBN: 978-1-491-90894-5 Jonathon Manning,
Paris Buttfield-Addison & Tim Nugent
Swift Development with Cocoa
wS
Ready to build apps for iPhone, iPad, and Mac now that Swift has landed? If
w
you’re an experienced programmer who’s never touched Apple developer
i
tools, this hands-on book shows you how to use the Swift language to t
make incredible iOS and OS X apps, using Cocoa and Cocoa Touch. hi
f
t
Learn how to use Swift in a wide range of real-world situations, with
C
Cocoa features such as EventKit and Core Animation. You’ll pick up Swift D
o
language features and syntax along the way, and understand why using
e
Swift (instead of Objective-C) makes iOS and Mac app development easier, c
v
faster, and safer. You’ll also work with several exercises to help you practice o
e
as you learn. a
l
o
■ Learn the OS X and iOS application lifecycle
p
■ Use storyboards to design adaptive interfaces m
■ Explore graphics systems, including the built-in 2D and 3D
game frameworks e
n
■ Display video and audio with AVFoundation
t S wift
■ Store data locally with the filesystem, or on the network with
iCloud
■ Display lists or collections of data with table views and
collection views
■ Build apps that let users create, edit, and work with documents Development
■ Use MapKit, Core Location, and Core Motion to interact with
the world
Jonathon Manning, cofounder of Secret Lab, is a mobile software engineer,
game designer, and computing researcher. Follow him on Twitter at @desplesda. B with Cocoa
u
Paris Buttfield-Addison, also a cofounder of Secret Lab, is a mobile software engineer, t
t
game designer, and computing researcher. Follow him on Twitter at @parisba. fi
e
l
Tim Nugent, not a cofounder of Secret Lab, is a mobile app developer, game d
&-M
designer, PhD student, and author. Follow him on Twitter at @The_McJones. NAa
d
ugedisnnin
nog DEVELOPING FOR THE MAC AND IOS APP STORES
MACINTOSH/IPAD & IPHONE Twitter: @oreillymedia tn,
facebook.com/oreilly
US $39.99 CAN $41.99
ISBN: 978-1-491-90894-5 Jonathon Manning,
Paris Buttfield-Addison & Tim Nugent
Swift Development with Cocoa
Jonathon Manning, Paris Buttfield-Addison,
and Tim Nugent
Swift Development with Cocoa
by Jonathon Manning, Paris Buttfield-Addison, and Tim Nugent
Copyright © 2015 Secret Lab. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are
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Editor: Rachel Roumeliotis Indexer: Wendy Catalano
Production Editor: Matthew Hacker Cover Designer: Ellie Volckhausen
Copyeditor: Jasmine Kwityn Interior Designer: David Futato
Proofreader: Charles Roumeliotis Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest
December 2014: First Edition
Revision History for the First Edition:
2014-12-08: First release
See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781491908945 for release details.
The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Swift Development with Cocoa, the cover
image of an Australasian gannet, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
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claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While the publisher and the authors have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and in‐
structions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the authors disclaim all responsibility for
errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or
reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If
any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or
the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies
with such licenses and/or rights.
ISBN: 978-1-491-90894-5
[M]
Table of Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1. Cocoa Development Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The Mac and iOS Developer Programs 1
Registering for a Developer Program 2
Downloading Xcode 3
Creating Your First Project with Xcode 4
The Xcode Interface 7
Developing a Simple Swift Application 13
Designing the Interface 13
Connecting the Code 15
Using the iOS Simulator 17
Testing iOS Apps with TestFlight 19
2. Programming with Swift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The Swift Programming Language 21
Playgrounds 23
Variables and Constants 24
Types 26
Tuples 28
Arrays 28
Dictionaries 29
Control Flow 30
Switches 33
Functions and Closures 35
Using Functions as Variables 37
Closures 39
Objects 40
Inheritance 42
iii
Initialization and Deinitialization 42
Properties 44
Protocols 46
Extensions 47
Access Control 49
Operators 50
Generics 51
Interoperating with Objective-C 52
Using Objective-C and Swift in the Same Project 52
Using Swift Objects in Objective-C 53
Using Objective-C Objects in Swift 53
Modules 54
Memory Management 54
Working with Strings 55
Comparing Strings 56
Searching Strings 57
Data 57
Loading Data from Files and URLs 57
Serialization and Deserialization 58
Design Patterns in Cocoa 59
Model-View-Controller 59
Delegation 60
3. Applications on OS X and iOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
What Is an Application? 63
Applications, Frameworks, Utilities, and More 64
What Are Apps Composed Of? 65
Using NSBundle to Find Resources in Applications 67
The Application Life Cycle 68
OS X Applications 68
iOS Applications 70
The Application Sandbox 75
Application Restrictions 76
Notifications with NSNotification 78
4. Graphical User Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Interfaces in OS X and iOS 81
MVC and Application Design 82
Nib Files and Storyboards 82
Structure of a Nib File 83
Storyboards 86
Outlets and Actions 87
iv | Table of Contents
How Nib Files and Storyboards Are Loaded 88
Constructing an Interface 89
Guidelines and Constraints 90
Building an App with Nibs and Constraints 91
Interfaces on iOS 95
Launch Screen Files 97
UI Dynamics 98
UI and Gravity 98
Snapping UI 99
Core Animation 100
Layers 101
Animations 102
5. Closures and Operation Queues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Closures in Cocoa 106
Concurrency with Operation Queues 107
Operation Queues and NSOperation 108
Performing Work on Operation Queues 108
Putting It All Together 109
6. Drawing Graphics in Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
How Drawing Works 115
The Pixel Grid 117
Retina Displays 118
Pixels and Screen Points 119
Drawing in Views 120
Frame Rectangles 120
Bounds Rectangles 121
Building a Custom View 122
Filling with a Solid Color 123
Working with Paths 124
Creating Custom Paths 126
Multiple Subpaths 128
Shadows 129
Gradients 132
Transforms 135
7. SpriteKit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
SpriteKit’s Architecture 139
Making an App That Uses SpriteKit 140
Working with SpriteKit Scenes 141
SpriteKit Nodes 143
Table of Contents | v
Putting Sprites in Scenes 145
Responding to Touches 146
Working with Textures 147
Texture Atlases 148
Working with Text 149
Animating Content with Actions 150
Using Shape Nodes 151
Using Image Effect Nodes 153
Adding Physics to SpriteKit Objects 154
Adding Joints to SpriteKit Objects 155
Lighting SpriteKit Scenes 156
Constraints 157
Using Shaders in SpriteKit 157
Using SpriteKit Editor 160
8. SceneKit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
SceneKit Structure 164
Working with SceneKit 165
Adding a SceneKit View 165
Adding a Scene 166
Adding a Camera 167
Adding a 3D Object 168
Adding Lights 169
Animating Content in the Scene 170
Creating Text Geometry 172
Combining Animations 173
Working with Materials 174
Normal Mapping 176
Hit Testing 178
Constraints 181
Loading Data from COLLADA Files 182
Adding Physics to the Scene 185
9. Audio and Video. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
AV Foundation 189
Playing Video with AVPlayer 190
AVPlayerLayer 191
Putting It Together 191
AVKit 195
AVKit on iOS 197
Playing Sound with AVAudioPlayer 199
Speech Synthesis 200
vi | Table of Contents
Working with the Photo Library 201
Capturing Photos and Video from the Camera 202
Building a Photo Application 204
The Photo Library 207
10. iCloud and Data Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Preferences 209
Registering Default Preferences 210
Accessing Preferences 211
Setting Preferences 211
Working with the Filesystem 212
Using NSFileManager 213
File Storage Locations 217
Working with the Sandbox 217
Enabling Sandboxing 217
Open and Save Panels 218
Security-Scoped Bookmarks 219
iCloud 220
What iCloud Stores 221
Setting Up for iCloud 222
Testing Whether iCloud Works 222
Storing Settings 223
Handling External Changes 224
The iOS Counterpart 225
iCloud Storage 228
iCloud Storage on OS X 228
iCloud Storage on iOS 233
Document Pickers 235
Using iCloud Well 239
11. Cocoa Bindings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Binding Views to Models 241
A Simple Bindings App 242
Binding to Controllers 245
Array and Object Controllers 246
A More Complex Bindings App 247
12. Table Views and Collection Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Data Sources and Delegates 255
Table Views 256
UITableView on iOS 256
NSTableView on OS X 264
Table of Contents | vii
Collection Views 270
UICollectionView on iOS 270
13. Document-Based Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
The NSDocument and UIDocument Classes 276
Document Objects in MVC 276
Kinds of Documents 277
The Role of Documents 278
Document-Based Applications on OS X 278
Autosaving and Versions 279
Representing Documents with NSDocument 279
Saving Simple Data 280
Saving More Complex Data 282
Document-Based Applications on iOS 286
14. Networking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Connections 293
NSURL 294
NSURLRequest 295
NSURLSession 296
NSURLResponse and NSHTTPURLResponse 296
Building a Networked Application 297
Bonjour Service Discovery 299
Browsing for Shared iTunes Libraries 299
Multipeer Connectivity 301
15. Working with the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Working with Location 307
Location Hardware 308
The Core Location Framework 310
Working with Core Location 311
Geocoding 314
Region Monitoring and iBeacons 317
Locations and Privacy 320
Maps 320
Using Maps 320
Annotating Maps 321
Maps and Overlays 322
Device Motion 324
Working with Core Motion 325
Using the Built-in Altimeter 329
Using the Pedometer 330
viii | Table of Contents
