Sustainable Land Management: Learning from the Past for the Future

425 Pages·2011·12.859 MB·English

by  H. Eswaran, S. Berberoğlu, C. Cangir, D. Boyraz, C. Zucca (auth.), Selim Kapur, Hari Eswaran, Winfried E.H. Blum (eds.)

Sustainable Land Management
.
(cid:1) (cid:1)
Selim Kapur Hari Eswaran W. E. H. Blum
Editors
Sustainable Land
Management
Learning from the Past for the Future
Editors
Dr.SelimKapur Dr.HariEswaran
DepartmentofSoilScience& UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture
Archaeometry NaturalResourcesConservationService
UniversityofC¸ukurova POBox2890
01330Adana,Turkey Washington,DC,USA
[email protected] [email protected]
Dr.WinfriedE.H.Blum
InstituteofSoilResearch
DepartmentofForestandSoilSciences
UniversityofNaturalResources
andAppliedLifeSciences(BOKU)
Vienna,Austria
[email protected];[email protected]
ISBN978-3-642-14781-4 e-ISBN978-3-642-14782-1
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010938610
#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
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Dedicated to the Dear Memory
of Prof. Dr. Cemil Cangir (1946–2010)
Cemil Cangir the warrior of soil protection in Thrace, Turkey, passed away
suddenly in Tekirdag˘ on May 10th 2010, at the age of 64, now lying in a village
cemetary,whomhesoughttobeburiedasasiteoverlookingtheviewofthesoils
whichhededicatedhislifeinsearchofhisuniqueprotectionstrategies.Theever-
threatened fertile soils of Thrace by the inappropriate growth of the industry and
urbanisationarenowseekingforthedecendantsofthe“CangirSchool”totakeover
the task and proceed the fight for their protection. The incomparable community
and NGO solidarity Cemil had achieved as his life-long dream was based on a
simplekey,namelythe“IntegratedSustainableBasinManagementoftheland”.
SelimKapurandKorayHaktanır
.
Preface
Inappropriateuseoflandandwaterisstillon-going,despitealleffortsundertaken
bynumerousinstitutionsdealingwithlandandsoilprotection,asforexamplethe
European Soil Protection Strategy, aiming at a common legal instrument for soil
protectioninEurope.
One of the failures lies in conceptual problems, because the protection of land
andwaterhavetobedoneatriverbasinscale.
The“Anthroscape”-approachpresentedinthisbookisthoughtasacontribution
toimprovethesustainablemanagementoflandandwateratriverbasinscale,based
on an analysis of the past developments, in order to shape the contemporary and
futureuseoflandinasustainableway.
Moreover, this book contains information about traditional techniques and
knowledge,shownatspecificexamplesofthe“Anthroscapes”,whichweredevel-
opedbyanintegratedmanagement,withaholisticperspective,tomeettheneedsof
humansinalandscape,likewater,food,biodiversityandculture.
Therefore,thetitleofthisbookis“SustainableLandManagement:Learning
fromthePastfortheFuture”.
Eachchapterofthebookhasbeendiscussedonseveraloccasionsinthefieldas
well as during international conferences and meetings related to the topic of
“Anthroscapedevelopment”.Moreover,thechapterswerearrangedinsuchaway
that they are complimentary, regarding specific aspects of the “Anthroscape”
concept.
Chapter 1 introduces into the book, describing the key components of sustain-
able land and water management at river basin scale, which was specifically
developedbyH.Eswaranwhohasdevotedthemanyeffortstodevelopaconceptual
frameworkonthebasisofhislong-standingandworldwideexperienceonsoilsand
landscapes. Chapter 2 is mainly designated to the recent development of the EU
SoilThematicStrategy.Chapter3reflectsthemajorbenefitofstudiesofland/soilat
riverbasinscale,disregardingfrontiersandregions.Chapter4describesthemajor
soilsofMediterraneanAnthroscapes,withspecialreferenceonrenovatedtradition-
allandusetechniquesintheApuliaregionofsouthernItaly.Chapter5discussesthe
.
vii
viii Preface
presently observed side-effects of touristic activities in the Italian Alps, including
major threats to European water sources. Chapter 6 deals with North European
Anthroscapes, and negative impacts, by measures within a particular region in
SouthEastNorway.Chapter7describesanexpensiveandtimeconsumingpractice,
partiallydiscussedverycontroversially,intheuseofcontemporarytechnology,for
usingsoilswithcalcrete(petrocalcic)horizonsinSardinia,Italy,forincreasingthe
productivity of vineyards. Chapter 8 deals with the use of soils on mine waste
deposits in southeast Spain and Chap. 9 describes important Asian Anthroscapes,
createdbyanthropogenicactivitiesduringthousandsofyears,forthecultivationof
rice.
In Chap. 10, Anthroscapes from Morocco were described, under the aspect
of the use of exotic plants to rehabilitate degraded rangeland and to mitigate
desertification.
Chapter 11 deals with anthropogenically re-shaped land and its historical and
culturalbackgroundintheAdanaregioninTurkey.
Chapter12explainstheimpactoftheancientpracticeofshiftingagricultureto
the forestecosystem and the low-input agricultural system to the Anthroscapesin
Sarawak, Malaysia and Chap. 13 refers to impacts by improper land use in the
Mediterraneanarea,andespeciallyattemptstore-useabandonedmininglandscapes
inMurcia,southernSpain.Chapter14dealswithpossiblefutureimpactsofclimate
change on Mediterranean coastal areas, including the Anthroscape in Adana,
Turkey.
InChap. 15field trials for theevaluation ofindigenous techniquesfor soiland
water conservation in Niger (Africa) were discussed, searching less costly and
labor-intensiveconservationtechniques.
Similarly, Chap. 16 deals with local knowledge in protecting landscapes in
Japan,withspecialattentiontotheculturalbackgroundandwisdomoftheeco-life.
Chapter 17 is very specific and deals with an experimental study, aiming to
recoverancientnaturallandscapesintheAdanaregion,reconstructinglostpartsof
thelandscapeandregeneratingbiodiversity.
Economicandsocialproblemsindegradedlandscapes,includingtheevaluation
ofthecostsoflanddegradationarediscussedinChap.18.
We specially thank the everlasting encouragement and patience of Drs. Hans
Guenther Brauch and Christian Witschel, from Springer Editors. Our thanks are
alsoduetoDr.IsmailC¸elik,Dr.E.Akc¸a,Dr.KemalGu¨lu¨t,Dr.M.DingilandMr.
K.Y.Kocafortheirsupportineditingthisbook.
Wefinallyexpressoursinceregratitudetoalltheauthorsofthisbook.
Adana,Turkey SelimKapur
HariEswaran
WinfriedE.H.Blum
Contents
TheAnthroscapeApproachinSustainableLandUse ....................... 1
H.Eswaran,S.Berberog˘lu,C.Cangir,D.Boyraz,C.Zucca,
E.O¨zevren,E.Yazıcı,P.Zdruli,M.Dingil,C.Do¨nmez,E.Akc¸a,
I.C¸elik,T.Watanabe,Y.K.Koca,L.Montanarella,M.Cherlet,andS.Kapur
AnthroscapesintheLightoftheEUSoilThematicStrategy ............. 51
LucaMontanarella
SoilErosion-DesertificationandtheMiddle
EasternAnthroscapes ......................................................... 57
UrielN.Safriel,PedroBerliner,ArielNovoplansky,
JonathanB.Laronne,ArnonKarnieli,ItzhakMoshe,
A.Kharabsheh,A.GhalebMohammad,andG.Kusek
SoilsoftheMediterraneanRegion,TheirCharacteristics,
ManagementandSustainableUse .......................................... 125
PandiZdruli,SelimKapur,andIsmailC¸elik
MountainAnthroscapes,theCaseoftheItalianAlps ..................... 143
FrancoPrevitali
DevelopmentandChallengesoftheAnthroscapesintheClay
SoilDistrictofEasternNorway ............................................. 163
ArnoldArnoldussen
AnthroscapesandAnthropogenicSoilsinNorth-WesternSardinia:
TheSoilswithCalcreteHorizonintheAlgheroArea(Italy) ............. 179
S.MadrauandC.Zucca
StimulatedSoilFormationinaDegradedAnthroscape:
ACaseStudyinSoutheastSpain ........................................... 193
J.M.Arocena,J.M.vanMourik,andA´.FazCano
ix
x Contents
AsianAnthroscapes:ChinaandTaiwan ................................... 205
Zeng-YeiHseu,Chen-ChiTsai,HengTsai,Zueng-SangChen,
andHariEswaran
AnAnthroscapefromMorocco:DegradedRangelandSystems
andIntroductionofExoticPlantMaterialandTechnology .............. 243
C.Zucca,F.Previtali,S.Madrau,E.Akc¸a,andS.Kapur
TheHistoricalAnthroscapeofAdanaandtheFertileLands ............ 259
NurettinC¸elmeog˘lu
ImpactofShiftingAgricultureontheSustainability
ofAnthroscapesinSarawak,Malaysia ..................................... 285
E.PadmanabhanandH.Eswaran
RomanMiningLandscapesintheMurciaRegion,
SESpain:RiskAssessmentofMinePonds ................................. 293
A.FazCano,A.Zanuzzi,P.Martinez-Pagan,J.Acosta,
D.Carmona, S.Martinez-Martinez,andM.Mun˜oz
AnthroscapeoftheMediterraneanCoastalAreaintheContext
ofHydrogeology:ProjectedImpactsofClimateChange ................. 311
KatsuyukiFujinawa
Re-evaluatingIndigenousTechnologiesforSustainableSoil
andWaterManagementintheSahel:ACaseStudyfromNiger ........ 333
TakanoriNagano,HaruhikoHorino,andTakashiKume
LocalWisdomofLandandWaterManagement:
TheFundamentalAnthroscapeofJapan ................................... 351
TsugihiroWatanabe
ReconstructingthePastbyRegeneratingBiodiversity:
ATreatiseonWeedContributiontoSoilQuality
ataPost-cultivationSuccession ............................................. 363
I.C¸elik,K.T.Yilmaz,H.Eswaran,A.Mermut,M.Dingil,Z.Kaya,
A.Demirbas¸,I.Aksit,I.Ortas¸,M.Go¨k,C.Akpınar,T.Nagano,N.Ae,
Y.K.Koca,andS.Kapur
EconomicandSocialImpactoftheDegradedAntroscapes .............. 379
NejatErk
Index .......................................................................... 411