Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 31: Biocontrol

516 Pages·2018·13.96 MB·English

by  Eric Lichtfouse

Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 31
Editor
Eric Lichtfouse
Sustainable
Agriculture
Reviews 31
Biocontrol
Sustainable Agriculture Reviews
Volume 31
Series editor
Eric Lichtfouse, Aix-Marseille University, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll de
France, Europole Mediterraneen de l’Arbois, Avenue Louis Philibert, Aix en
Provence, France
Advisory Editors
Shivendu Ranjan, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University,
Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Nandita Dasgupta, Nano-Food Research Group, School of Bio Sciences and
Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and
energyinasustainablewayforhumansandtheirchildren.Sustainableagricultureis
a discipline that addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food
and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil
erosion, fertility loss, pest control, and biodiversity depletion.
Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated
knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology,
chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, and social sciences. Indeed, sustainable
agriculturedeciphermechanismsofprocessesthatoccurfromthemolecularlevelto
the farming system to the global level at time scales ranging from seconds to
centuries. For that, scientists use the system approach that involves studying
componentsandinteractionsofawholesystemtoaddressscientific,economicand
social issues. In that respect, sustainable agriculture is not a classical, narrow
science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that
treats only negative impacts, sustainable agriculture treats problem sources.
Because most actual society issues are now intertwined, global, and
fast-developing, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions to build a safer world.
Thisbookseries gathers reviewarticlesthatanalyzecurrentagriculturalissuesand
knowledge, then propose alternative solutions. It will therefore help all scientists,
decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians who wish to build a safe
agriculture, energy and food system for future generations.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8380
Eric Lichtfouse
Editor
Sustainable Agriculture
Reviews 31
Biocontrol
123
Editor
EricLichtfouse
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD,
INRA, ColldeFrance
CEREGE,Technopôlede
l’Arbois-Méditerranée
AixenProvence, France
ISSN 2210-4410 ISSN 2210-4429 (electronic)
Sustainable Agriculture Reviews
ISBN978-3-319-94231-5 ISBN978-3-319-94232-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94232-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018947302
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018
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Preface
Biocontrol is an ecological method of controlling pests such as insects, mites,
weeds and plant diseases using other organisms.1 This practice has been used for
centuries, and the first use of an insect species to control an insect pest has been
reported by the botanist Ji Han in 304 AD,2 who wrote that people sold yellow
citrus ants and their nest to protect citrus fruitsfrom insects. The first international
shipment of an insect as biological control agent was made byCharles V. Riley in
1873,shippingtoFrancethepredatorymites Tyroglyphusphylloxeratohelpfight
thegrapevinephylloxera,Daktulosphairavitifoliae,thatwasdestroyinggrapevines
inFrance.Rodoliacardinalis,thevedaliabeetle(photographbelow),wasimported
from Australia to California in the nineteenth century, successfully controlling
cottony cushion scale.
Rodoliacardinalis,thevedaliabeetle.KatjaSchulz2014CC-BY-2.0
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control.
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanfang_Caomu_Zhuang.
v
vi Preface
Biocontrol relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory or other natural mecha-
nisms.Therearethreestrategiesforbiocontrol:importation,whereanaturalenemy
of a pest is introduced in the hope of achieving control; augmentation, in which a
large population of natural enemies are administered for quick pest control; and
conservation, in which measures are taken to maintain natural enemies through
regular re-establishment.
Naturalenemiesofinsectpests,alsoknownasbiologicalcontrolagents,include
predators,parasitoids,pathogensandcompetitors.Biologicalcontrolagentsofplant
diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Biological control agents of
weeds include seed predators, herbivores and plant pathogens. Biological control
can have side effects on biodiversity through attacks on non-target species by any
ofthesamemechanisms,especiallywhenaspeciesisintroducedwithoutthorough
understanding of the possible consequences.
This book presents advanced ecological techniques for crop cultivation.
Chaptersarearrangedintofoursections,namelygeneralaspects,weeds,fungi,and
worms and microbes. Chapter 1 by Ginigaddara lists the ecosystem services pro-
vided by ecological rice cultivation in Asia, such as carbon sequestration, weed
control and duck meat food. The mutual benefits of crop and livestock production
are then explained in Chap. 2 by Aryal et al., with focus on pastoralism and
transhumance.Weedcontrolusingchemicalandecologicaltechniquesisdescribed
indetailin Chaps. 3 and4 by Pakdaman and Goltapeh,andKaur et al.The useof
fungitocontrolpestsispresentedinChap.5byPakdamanandGoltapeh,whereas
the ecological management of chilli anthracnose, a fungal pest, is reviewed in
Chap. 6 by Rai et al. Askary et al. discuss the management of nematode pests and
the use of nematode for insect control in grapevine in Chaps. 7 and 8. Bacterial–
plant interactions in soils and applications to pest control are reviewed in Chap. 9
by Crecchio et al. Chemotaxis, the movement of an organism in response to a
chemicalstimulus,isexplainedforthepollutant-degradingPseudomonasspeciesin
Chap. 10 by Meliani and Bensoltane.
Aix-en-Provence, France Eric Lichtfouse
Contents
Ecological Intensification in Asian Rice Production Systems . . . . . . . . . 1
G. A. S. Ginigaddara
Transhumance, Livestock Mobility and Mutual Benefits
Between Crop and Livestock Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Suman Aryal, Tek Maraseni, Geoff Cockfield and Lisa Lobry de Bruyn
Weeds, Herbicides and Plant Disease Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Babak Pakdaman Sardrood and Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh
Ecological Methods for Weed Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Tarundeep Kaur, Navjyot Kaur and Makhan S. Bhullar
Effect of Agricultural Chemicals and Organic Amendments
on Biological Control Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Babak Pakdaman Sardrood and Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh
Ecology, Population Biology and Management of Chilli
Anthracnose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Pallavi Rai, Prem Lal Kashyap, Sudheer Kumar, Alok K. Srivastava
and Mala Trivedi
Nematode Parasites of Grapevines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
TariqueHassanAskary,AroosaKhalil,NowsheenNazir,AkhtarAliKhan
and Shafat Ahmad Banday
Behavioural Ecology of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Steinernema
and Heterorhabditis for Insect Biocontrol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Tarique Hassan Askary, M. Jamal Ahmad, A. R. Wani, Sajad Mohiddin
and Muneer Ahmad Sofi
vii
viii Contents
Beneficial Soil Microbiome for Sustainable Agriculture
Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Carmine Crecchio, Tanja Mimmo, Davide Bulgarelli, Ilaria Pertot,
Youry Pii, Michele Perazzolli, Marina Scagliola and Stefano Cesco
Chemotaxis Behavior of Pseudomonas Species and Biodegradation
of Pollutants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Amina Meliani and Ahmed Bensoltane
Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 509
About the Editor
Left: Giving lectures and workshops on scientific writing. Right: Extracting soil organic
compoundsusingCHCl -methanol3/1v/v
3
Eric Lichtfouse bornin1960isabiogeochemistworkingoncarbonsequestration
andprofessorofscientificcommunicationattheEuropeanCentreforResearchand
Education in Geosciences (CEREGE), University of Aix Marseille, Aix-en-
Provence, France. He got a Ph.D. in organic geochemistry at the University of
Strasbourg in 1989 for the discovery of new fossil steroids in sediments and pet-
roleum.3Thosemolecularfossilsarenowwidelyappliedasmaturation parameters
3Occurrenceof2-methyl-,3-methyl-and6-methyltriaromaticsteroidhydrocarbonsingeological
samples.TetrahedronLett.https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00175050.Synthesisoftriaromatic
steroidhydrocarbonsmethylatedatposition2,3or6:molecularfossilsofyetunknownbiological
origin.Tetrahedronhttps://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00175800.Amolecularandisotopicstudy
oftheorganicmatterfromtheParisBasin,France.GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActahttps://hal.
archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00191892.
ix