Table Of ContentThe Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 77
Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy
Abdelazim M. Negm
Mohamed Abu-hashim Editors
Sustainability
of Agricultural
Environment in
Egypt: Part II
Soil-Water-Plant Nexus
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
Founding Editor: Otto Hutzinger
(cid:1)
Editors-in-Chief: Damia Barcelo´ (cid:129) Andrey G. Kostianoy
Volume 77
Advisory Editors:
Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu,
Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton,
Donald L. Sparks
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/698
Sustainability of Agricultural
Environment in Egypt: Part II
Soil-Water-Plant Nexus
Volume Editors: Abdelazim M. Negm (cid:1)
Mohamed Abu-hashim
With contributions by
S. M. Abd El-Fattah (cid:1) M. E. Abd El-Hack (cid:1) M. K. Abdel-Fattah (cid:1)
M. Abu-hashim (cid:1) M. Alagawany (cid:1) M. Arif (cid:1) H. Awaad (cid:1)
N. A. El Semary (cid:1) H. Elbehery (cid:1) N. El-Naggar (cid:1) M. Elnemr (cid:1)
A. A. El-Sayed (cid:1) N. A. El-Sherif (cid:1) N. El-Wakeil (cid:1) S. Fahim (cid:1)
M. R. Farag (cid:1) N. Gaafar (cid:1) A. Ghandour (cid:1) H. Hassan (cid:1) A. M. Helmy (cid:1)
S. A. Mahgoub (cid:1) A. M. A. Merwad (cid:1) M. A. Nada (cid:1) A. M. K. Nassar (cid:1)
A.M.Negm(cid:1)A.E.Noreldin(cid:1)E.E.Omran(cid:1)A.A.Romeh(cid:1)M.Saleh(cid:1)
A. Sallam (cid:1) K. Shaban
Editors
AbdelazimM.Negm MohamedAbu-hashim
FacultyofEngineering FacultyofAgriculture
ZagazigUniversity ZagazigUniversity
Zagazig,Egypt Zagazig,Egypt
ISSN1867-979X ISSN1616-864X (electronic)
TheHandbookofEnvironmentalChemistry
ISBN978-3-319-95356-4 ISBN978-3-319-95357-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95357-1
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018954631
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019
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Editors-in-Chief
Prof. Dr. Dami(cid:1)a Barcelo´ Prof. Dr. Andrey G. Kostianoy
DepartmentofEnvironmentalChemistry P.P.ShirshovInstituteofOceanology
IDAEA-CSIC RussianAcademyofSciences
C/JordiGirona18–26 36,NakhimovskyPr.
08034Barcelona,Spain 117997Moscow,Russia
and [email protected]
CatalanInstituteforWaterResearch(ICRA)
H20Building
ScientificandTechnologicalParkofthe
UniversityofGirona
EmiliGrahit,101
17003Girona,Spain
[email protected]
Advisory Editors
Prof. Dr. Jacob de Boer
IVM, VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam,The Netherlands
Prof. Dr. Philippe Garrigues
Universityof Bordeaux,France
Prof. Dr. Ji-Dong Gu
The Universityof HongKong,China
Prof. Dr. Kevin C. Jones
Universityof Lancaster, UnitedKingdom
Prof. Dr. Thomas P. Knepper
Universityof AppliedScience, Fresenius,Idstein, Germany
Prof. Dr. Alice Newton
Universityof Algarve, Faro,Portugal
Prof. Dr. Donald L. Sparks
Plant and SoilSciences, Universityof Delaware, USA
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
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Aims and Scope
Since 1980, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry has provided sound
and solid knowledge about environmental topics from a chemical perspective.
Presenting a wide spectrum of viewpoints and approaches, the series now covers
topics such as local and global changes of natural environment and climate;
anthropogenicimpactontheenvironment;water,airandsoilpollution;remediation
and waste characterization; environmental contaminants; biogeochemistry; geo-
ecology;chemicalreactionsandprocesses;chemicalandbiologicaltransformations
as well as physical transport of chemicals in the environment; or environmental
modeling. A particular focus of the series lies on methodological advances in
environmentalanalyticalchemistry.
vii
Series Preface
Withremarkablevision,Prof. OttoHutzingerinitiatedTheHandbook ofEnviron-
mentalChemistry in1980andbecamethe foundingEditor-in-Chief.Atthattime,
environmental chemistry was an emerging field, aiming at a complete description
of the Earth’s environment, encompassing the physical, chemical, biological, and
geologicaltransformationsofchemicalsubstancesoccurringonalocalaswellasa
global scale. Environmental chemistry was intended to provide an account of the
impact of man’s activities on the natural environment by describing observed
changes.
Whileaconsiderableamountofknowledgehasbeenaccumulatedoverthelast
three decades, as reflected in the more than 70 volumes of The Handbook of
Environmental Chemistry, there are still many scientific and policy challenges
ahead due to the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the field. The series
will therefore continue to provide compilations of current knowledge. Contribu-
tions are written by leading experts with practical experience in their fields. The
Handbook of Environmental Chemistry grows with the increases in our scientific
understanding, and provides a valuable source not only for scientists but also for
environmental managers and decision-makers. Today, the series covers a broad
rangeofenvironmentaltopicsfromachemicalperspective,includingmethodolog-
icaladvancesinenvironmentalanalyticalchemistry.
Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingtendencytoincludesubjectmatterof
societal relevance in the broad view of environmental chemistry. Topics include
life cycle analysis, environmental management, sustainable development, and
socio-economic, legal and even political problems, among others. While these
topics are of great importance for the development and acceptance of The Hand-
bookofEnvironmentalChemistry,thepublisherandEditors-in-Chiefhavedecided
tokeepthehandbookessentiallyasourceofinformationon“hardsciences”witha
particular emphasis on chemistry, but also covering biology, geology, hydrology
andengineeringasappliedtoenvironmentalsciences.
Thevolumesoftheseriesarewrittenatanadvancedlevel,addressingtheneeds
ofbothresearchersandgraduatestudents,aswellasofpeopleoutsidethefieldof
ix
x SeriesPreface
“pure” chemistry, including those in industry, business, government, research
establishments, and public interest groups. It would be very satisfying to see
these volumes used as a basis for graduate courses in environmental chemistry.
Withitshighstandardsofscientificqualityandclarity,TheHandbookofEnviron-
mental Chemistry provides a solid basis from which scientists can share their
knowledge on the different aspects of environmental problems, presenting a wide
spectrumofviewpointsandapproaches.
TheHandbookofEnvironmentalChemistryisavailablebothinprintandonline
via www.springerlink.com/content/110354/. Articles are published online as soon
as they have been approved for publication. Authors, Volume Editors and
Editors-in-Chief are rewarded by the broad acceptance of The Handbook of Envi-
ronmentalChemistrybythescientificcommunity,fromwhomsuggestionsfornew
topicstotheEditors-in-Chiefarealwaysverywelcome.
Dami(cid:1)aBarcelo´
AndreyG.Kostianoy
Editors-in-Chief
Preface
Thisvolumeisdividedintofivepartscomprising18chapterswrittenbymorethan
20 researchers and scientists from Egyptian universities and associated research
centers.
PartIisanintroductiontothevolumeunderthetitle“RapidSoilAnalysisusing
ModernSensingTechnology:TowardsamoreSustainableAgriculture.”Itpresents
theusefulnessofmodernsensingtechnologiesinagriculturewhichhavebeengiven
an important role for the improvement of agricultural production to keep up food
security.Thesetechnologiesincludereflectancespectroscopy,visiblenear-infrared,
andshort-waveinfrared(VNIR-SWIR).
Part II consists of four chapters dealing mainly with the ways of “Integrated
Natural Resources Management for Sustainable Production.” The chapter titled
“Effect of Water Deficit on Food Productivity Under Saline Conditions: Case
Study – North Sinai, Egypt” presents and discusses the results of a trial field
experimentonthesalinesoilinNorthSinaitounderstandtheresponseofcommer-
cialcrop(fababean)yieldtodifferentialwatersupplyregimes.Inthechaptertitled
“Land-Air and Water Resources on Sustainable Agricultural Development in
Egypt,” the authors present the results of a model for determining reference
evapotranspiration (ETo), crop coefficient (Kc) values, crop evapotranspiration
(ETc), and evapotranspiration of applied water (ETaw). The model provides an
estimate of the net irrigation water diversion needed to produce a crop.
The application outputs include a wide range of tables and charts that are useful
for irrigation planning and decision making. The chapter titled “Reclamation of
Saline-SodicSoilsforSustainableAgricultureinEgypt”presentsanddiscussesthe
resultsofleachingexperimentsonasaline-sodicsoilusingsoilcolumntechniques
to assess the efficiency of soil amendments of phosphogypsum (a gypsum-rich
material,aby-productofsuperphosphatemanufacture),standardgypsum,sulfuric
acid,andricestrawexperimentally.Thelastchapterinthissectionistitled“Impact
of Tissue Culture in Agriculture Sustainability” and presents a state-of-the-art
reviewoftheplanttissueculturetechniqueanditsroleinagriculturesustainability.
xi
