Survival for a Small Planet: The Sustainable Development Agenda

384 Pages·2004·1.14 MB·English

by  Mohammed Valli Moosa (Foreword)

Survival for a Small
Planet:
The Sustainable
Development Agenda
Edited by
Tom Bigg
EARTHSCAN Publications Ltd.
Survival for a Small Planet
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Survival for a Small Planet
The Sustainable Development Agenda
Edited by
Tom Bigg
London • Sterling, VA
First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2004
Copyright © The International Institute for Environment and Development,2004
All rights reserved
ISBN: 1-84407-077-8 paperback
1-84407-076-X hardback
Typesetting by MapSet Ltd,Gateshead,UK
Printed and bound by Creative Print and Design (Wales),Ebbw Vale
Cover design by Declan Buckley
For a full list of publications please contact:
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Earthscan publishes in association with WWF-UK and the International Institute for
Environment and Development
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Survival for a small planet :the sustainable development agenda / edited by Tom Bigg.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-84407-077-8 (pbk.) – ISBN 1-84407-076-X (hardback)
1.Sustainable development.I.Bigg,Tom.
HD75.6.S856 2004
338.9'27--dc22
2003018295
This book is printed on elemental chlorine-free paper
Contents
List of Tables, Figures and Boxes viii
List of Contributors x
Forewordby Mohammed Valli Moosa,minister of environmental affairs
and tourism,South Africa xviii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xx
Acknowledgements xxiv
Part 1: Global Governance
1 The World Summit on Sustainable Development:Was it Worthwhile?
Tom Bigg, IIED 3
2 Security and Sustainability
Jan Pronk, IIED chair and former UN secretary-general’s
special envoy for WSSD 23
3 The Trade and Environment Agenda Post-Johannesburg
Mark Halle, IISD and Nicola Borregaard, RIDES (Chile) 32
4 Moving Beyond Kyoto:Developing Countries,Climate Change and
Sustainable Development
Adil Najam, Tufts University (US) and SDPI (Pakistan), Saleemul Huq,
BCAS (Bangladesh) and Youba Sokona, ENDA (Senegal) 46
5 Financing Sustainable Development:Is There Life after Johannesburg?
Adil Najam, Tufts University (US) and SDPI (Pakistan) 59
6 Global Public Goods:Some Key Questions
Keith Bezanson, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex 67
7 Towards Better Multilateral Environmental Agreements:Filling the
Knowledge Gaps
Adil Najam, Tufts University (US) and SDPI (Pakistan) 74
vi SURVIVALFORASMALLPLANET
8 The International Framework for Action:Is the CSD the
Best We Can Do?
Simon Upton, chairman of the OECD Round Table on
Sustainable Development 85
Part 2: National and Local Governance
9 National Sustainable Development Strategies
Stephen Bass and Barry Dalal-Clayton, IIED 101
10 Striving for Good Governance in Urban Areas:The Role of Local
Agenda 21s in Africa,Asia and Latin America
Gordon McGranahan, IIED, Liliana Miranda, Ecociudad,
David Satterthwaite, IIED and Luz Stella Velasquez, IDEA-UN 121
Part 3: Equity and Sustainable Development –
Towards New Ways of Working?
11 Environment and Human Rights:A New Approach to Sustainable
Development
Maria Adebowale, Capacity Global, Chris Church, ANPED, Beatrice Nduta
Kairie, ELCI, Boris Vasylkivsky and Yelena Panina, Eco-Pravo Kyiv 137
12 The Politics of Radical Partnerships:Sustainable Development,
Rights and Responsibilities
Charles Secrett, former executive director, Friends of the Earth UK 152
13 The Age of Globalization
Tariq Banuri, SEI Boston 173
14 What Does the Feminization of Labour Mean for Sustainable
Livelihoods?
Nazneen Kanji, IIED and Kalyani Menon-Sen, UNDP India 180
15 Environment and Human Health:Towards a Shared Agenda for
Sustainable Development
Gordon McGranahan, IIED and Marianne Kjellén, SEI 191
16 The Links between Migration,Globalization and Sustainable
Development
Cecilia Tacoli, IIED 200
17 Research Partnerships for Sustainable Development
Steve Bass, IIED 207
CONTENTS vii
Part 4: Poverty Reduction and Natural Resource
Management
18 Poverty and Environment
Damian Killeen, Poverty Alliance Scotland and Shaheen Rafi Khan,
SDPI (Pakistan) 215
19 Forest Policy and Practice since UNCED
Steve Bass, James Mayers and Sonja Vermeulen, IIED 227
20 Poverty Reduction through Conservation and Sustainable Use of
Biodiversity
Izabella Koziell, DFID and Charles McNeill, UNDP 247
21 Reconciling Agriculture and Wildlife:Policy and Research
Challenges of ‘Ecoagriculture’
Sara J Scherr, Forest Trends (US) and Jeffrey A McNeely, IUCN 258
22 Improving Access to Water and Sanitation:Rethinking the
Way Forward in Light of the Millennium Development Goals
Gordon McGranahan and David Satterthwaite, IIED 268
Part 5: Markets and Sustainable Development
23 Do the Poor Count?
Roberto Bissio, Third World Institute (Uruguay) 285
24 The Chains of Agriculture:Sustainability and the Restructuring of
Agrifood Markets
Bill Vorley, IIED 292
25 Pro-poor Tourism:Harnessing the World’s Largest Industry for the
World’s Poor;Turning the Rhetoric into Action for Sustainable
Development and Poverty Reduction
Dilys Roe, IIED and Penny Urquhart, Khanya, South Africa 309
26 Mining and Minerals:Breaking New Ground
Luke Danielson, IIED 326
27 Corporate Citizenship:Revisiting the Relationship between Business,
Good Governance and Sustainable Development
Halina Ward, IIED, Nicola Borregaard, RIDES (Chile) and Paul Kapelus,
Africa Institute of Corporate Citizenship (South Africa) 343
Index 353
List of Tables, Figures and Boxes
Tables
9.1 Changing approaches to strategies 117
15.1 Burden of disease,by cause and region (1990) 195
22.1 A more integrated perspective on demand-side water
management 275
25.1 Significance of international tourism to poor countries 316
27.1 Drivers of corporate social responsibility 347
Figures
7.1 Who:different research suppliers have different core strengths 76
7.2 What:different types of research are required 77
7.3 When:different phases are motivated by different types of
research focus 79
7.4 The IPCC experiment:driving research;driving agenda 80
9.1 A ‘continuous improvement’approach to sustainable development
strategies 116
10.1 Affluence and the urban environment 131
15.1 A stylized environmental transition 194
15.2 Physical environmental contribution to the global burden of
disease,by selected disease groups 196
15.3 The environmental portion of the global burden of disease 197
21.1 Global biodiversity hotspots 259
21.2 Geographic relation between protected areas and agricultural land 261
22.1 National share of households with access to improved water
sources by GDP per capita and presence or absence of water stress 273
Boxes
1.1 WSSD terminology:a short guide 11
1.2 EU discussion paper on the Global Deal (December 2001) 12
1.3 Key outcomes from CSD11 19
3.1 Benefits of further liberalization? 37
9.1 Scope of research needed for sustainable development 113
10.1 Examples of Local Agenda 21s 128
LISTOFTABLES,FIGURESANDBOXES ix
14.1 Why are women disadvantaged in the labour market? 181
14.2 The Philippine garment industry 182
14.3 The Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA),Ahmedabad,
India 183
14.4 Women’s role in horticulture:Chile and South Africa 184
14.5 Women’s role in household food security:Orissa,India 185
14.6 ‘Adjusting to adjustment’in Delhi,India 188
18.1 Examples of environmental injustice in the UK 223
19.1 Who relies on trees and forests? 234
19.2 Benefits to local livelihoods from pro-poor forestry 235
19.3 Advantages to governments of pro-poor forestry 236
19.4 Regulations benefit livelihoods and forests when poor people
have rights and control 237
19.5 The challenge to making forestry profits legal and equitable 237
19.6 Water,forests and poverty reduction 237
19.7 Agriculture,forests and poverty reduction 238
19.8 Health,forests and poverty reduction 238
19.9 Energy,forests and poverty reduction 239
19.10 Employment,forests and poverty reduction 240
19.11 Land titles,forests and poverty reduction 241
19.12 Forest product markets,forests and poverty reduction 242
19.13 Biodiversity conservation,forests and poverty reduction 243
19.14 Carbon management,forests and poverty reduction 244
20.1 The UN Convention on Biological Diversity 248
20.2 Biodiversity contributes to poverty reduction in at least five key
areas 249
20.3 Millennium Development Goals and Targets 250
20.4 About the Equator Initiative 256
24.1 Diverging rural worlds 293
24.2 Processing tomatoes as a strategic agricultural commodity 297
24.3 Smallholders and agribusiness:contract potato production in
northern Thailand 302
25.1 Tourism facts and figures 310
25.2 Pro-poor tourism 312
25.3 Ten sustainability needs 314
25.4 Significance of tourism to South Africa 315
25.5 Tackling poverty through tourism in South Africa 317
25.6 The road to Johannesburg 318
25.7 Responsible tourism in South Africa 319
25.8 Pro-poor tourism around South Africa’s Addo Elephant
National Park 322