Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1993, With Supplementary Information on Presale Firearm Checks, 1994... Bureau of Justice Statistics... U.S. Dept. of Justice

90 Pages·1994·20.5 MB·English

by  United States Department of Justice

yan 27 98
U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Survey of Criminal History
Information Systems, 1993
with Supplementary Information on Presale Firearm Checks, 1994
Criminal Justice Information Policy
}. BEST COPY AVAILABLE POMPLETED
~ A CR ogEoDe S ome
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reports, to be added to one of the BUS Women in prison, Vi cn id 1992, Ni ais i BUS Dyulennsa and SPea) faports
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specialist in statistics at the Bureau of
Drug enforcement and treatment 1992, NCJ 145419 1202 Census of State and local law entorcement
Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, in prisons, 1900 NU tidied 1990, Ni M4400 wae agencies 1992, NC) '4097) 7 aa
P.O Box 179, Annapolis Junction, MD Violent State prieenere and then wetime Criminal detense for the poo: 1986 Drug enforcement by police and sherifts
20701-0179. or fax orders to 410-7 92- NC ‘4a! ’ Ni ' O10 ORR departments, 1990, NCI.) 44505 59)
4358. For drugs and crime data, cal) the Prison rule violators '\ 14 ao State and local police departments. 1990.
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survey 1086 ° '1'ad Murder in large urban counties 1988 Police departments in large cities, 1987
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Publc-use tapes, disks. and CD-ROM State and Federa stitutrons. 1976-86 General
‘BUS data sets and other cnmina t Race in rers admitted Survey of criminal history information
Jata are available trom the Nationa systems, 1993, \ 1489 bulletins 2 '
Ar hive yt nmina Iyer © Data ineme y MH storcal statistics on orsoners National Criminal History imp ovement Tracking offenders, 1990
JAIN) © O Box 1248 Ann Arbor M Program announcement, \ BUS telephone contacts 94
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NCVS redesign Woren in jail 1989 ° BUS reorient status report justice system: Papers from the BJS
Press release, NC). 51°89 1094 Dr gs andja iinmates, * Ad 4e Princeton Project, \ 143505 10/9
Fact sheet, NOU '5)'75 1094 Profile of ainmates. 1989 Identitying atone who ettompt to Local prosecution of organized crime
Questions and answers Nc 181171 1004 purchase firearms. Nv 144393 1089 Use of State RICO statutes, NC) 14385
Tech’ asi background NCJ 15'' 7) 1094 Population density in local jails. 1986 identifying persons. other than felons
Crimir ictimization in the US who atiempt to purchase firearms Petony sentencing and jail characteristics
1973-92 trends, NO). 147006 8 O4 Census of local jails. 1988 N< owe. 490 $98 90 NCJ. 142523 693
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Crime and older Americans informatio» Probation and parole Strategies for improving data quality. Firearms and crimes of violence: Selected
package, NCJ.14009! 493 $15 N 73 4329 SRG findings. ‘ 146844 2 G4
Crime victimization in city, suburban Public access to criminal history record Incident-Based Reporting System
Probation and parole information, NCJ 1''458 11/88
and rural areas, NCJ. 135943 69° Demonstrating the operational utility of
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Crime Repogs § the NCS NC. 120705 44 Juvenile corrections systems bs nology and policy issues. Using NIBRS data to analyze violent crime
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Voi. ll, Methodology, NC).90307 ° 85. $9 oO Survey of youth inA gee 1987 (specia Vol. 2. Corrections, courts. probation/
BUS crime data briets e@ por 4 +8 BJS/SEARCH conference proceedings Parole, prosecution, NC) 149646 995 $4
Young black male victims, NCJ 147004 Nationa! conference on criminal history Publications of BJS. 1965-89
12/94 Expenditure and employment recora information Brady and beyond Microfiche library, PRO30014 5 90 $190
Violence and theft in the workplace. NCJ- 151263 1/95 Bibliography, TBO s00'5 5 9C 3e17s s St cn
NCJ 148199. 7/94 Justice Persea and ee National conference on criminal justice Publications of BJS, 1971-84
Child rape victims, 1992, NCJ.147001 694 1990 BU etir N > 992 bulletin board systems, NCJ 145327 Microfiche library, PRO30012 10/86 $203
Crime and neighborhoods, NCJ -147005 694 1968 (ful report) Ni 05619 BGI Bidliography, ~BO20012 10/86 $17 SK
Guns and crime. Handgun victimization, Justice variable pass-through data, 1990 National conference on improving the Report to the Nation on crime and justice
firearm self-defense, and firearm theft. Ant: drug abuse formula Geme BUS quality of criminal history information. Second edition, NC) ‘05506 688
NCJ- 147003, 5/94 technical report) N 3301 29a NCJ. 133532. 2/92 Technical appendix NC J.11201' 8/88 $8 40
CCaorsjtasc koifn gc,r imNeC J-to1 4v7i0ct0i2m s, 29N4C J. 145865 2 94 Drugs and crime Criomf inianlf orjmuasttiicoen inm atnhea g1e9m9e0'nst:. The future
NC J- 121697, 5/90 $7.70
BUS bulletins State drug resources: 1994 national Juvenile and adult records. One system.
Criminal victimization 1992, NC J.144776 directory, NCJ. 147706, 10/94 one record? NCJ 114947. 1/90
11/93 Drugs and crime facts, 1993. NC J-'46246 8/94 Open vs. confidential records.
Crime and the Nation's households, 1992 Drugs. crime. and the justice system NCJ-113560 1/88. $7 70
NCJ- 143288. 9/93 A national report, NCJ. 133652. 5/93
Technical appendix, NCJ.1U9578 693 Compendium of State privacy and security See order form
BUS special r Catalog of selected Federal publications legislation:
Black victims, NC). 122562. 4/90 on illegal drug and aicoho! abuse. 1994 overview, VCJ.151262 1/95 on last page
Hispanic victims, NCJ-120507 1/90 NCJ. 139562 693 1994 full report (1 500pp microfiche $2
Motor vehicle theft, NC. 109978 3/88 hard copy NCJ-151623 $184). 1/95
Robbery victims, NCJ.104638 4/87
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©
U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Survey of Criminal History
Information Systems, 1993
with Supplementary Information on Presale Firearm Checks, 1994
January 1995, NCJ-148951
U.S. Department of Justice
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Jan Chaiken, Ph.D.
Director
Acknowledgments. This report was prepared by SEARCH, The National Consortium for
Justice Information and Statistics, Francis J. Carney Jr., Chairman, and Gary R. Cooper,
Executive Director. The project director and author of ther eport was Sheila J. Barton, Director,
Law and Policy Pro _ Data programming assistance was provided by Julie K. Gutierrez,
Manager, Software Services. Support was provided by Jane L. Bassett, Publishing Assistant;
Twyla R. Cunningham, —— Corporate Communications, Amir A. Holmes, Law and Policy
Intern; and Teresa E. Nyberg, Executive Secretary. The federal project monitor was Carol G.
Kaplan, Assistant Depuy DDireect or, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Report of work performed under BJS Grant No. 92-BJ-CX-K012, awarded to SEARCH Group,
Inc., 7311 Greenhaven Drive, Suite 145, Sacramento, California 95831. Contents of this
document do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Bureau of Justice Statistics or the
U.S. Department of Justice.
Copyright © SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics 1994.
The U.S. Department of Justice authorizes any person to reproduce, publish, translate or otherwise
use all or any part of the copyrighted material in this publication with the exception of those items
indicating they are copyrighted or printed by any source other than SEARCH, The National
Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics.
ii | Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1993
. ‘
(
Contents
List of data tables iv
Foreword v
Glossary of terms _ vii
Introduction 1
Major findings 1
Level of automoaf tmasiteor nnam e indeandx cerimsina l
history files 1
Level of disposition reporting 2
Level of felony flagging 2
Timeof tlriali counrt deispossitison d ata 2
Participation in the Interstate Identification Index (III) 3
Presale record checks on potential firearm purchasers 5
Additional findings 5
Status of State criminal history files 5
Completeness of data in State criminal history
repository 7 |
Disposition data 7
Correctional data 8
Timeliness of data in State criminal history repository 9
—Arrests 9
—Disposition data 9
—Admission to correctional facilities 9
Procedures to improve data quality 10
Linking of arrests and dispositions 10
Other data quality procedures 11
Audits 11
Presale criminal history record checks on potential
firearms purchasers 12
Data tables 15
Methodology 74
ee
Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1993
List of data tables
Overview of State criminal history record 16, Methods used to link disposition information to
systems, 1993 17 arrest/charge information on criminal history
record, 1993 47
Number of subjects (individual offenders) in State
criminal history file, 1989, 1992 and 1993 19 17, Procedures followed when linkage cannot be
made between court or correctional information
Numboef frina l dispositions reported to State and arrest information in the criminal history
criminal history repository, 1989, 1992 and database, 1993 49
1993 2]
Strategies employed by State criminal history
Automation of master name index and criminal repository to ensure accuracy of data in criminal
history file, 1989, 1992 and 1993 23 history database, 1993 5]
Data requirebdy State law to be submittedt o 19, Audit activities of State criminal history
State criminal history repository, 1993 25 repository, 1989, 1992 and 1993 53
Arrest records with fingerprints, 1989, 1992 and 20. Data quality audits of State criminal history
1993 27 repository, 1993 55
Notice to State criminal history repository of 21a. Procedures for presale criminal history record
release of arrested persons without charging, checks on potential firearm purchasers by States
1989, 1992 and 1993 29 with “alternative” systems, 1993 57
Completeness of prosecutor and court disposition 21b. Data elements and databases used for presale
reporting to State criminal history repository, criminal history record checks on potential
1989, 1992 and 1993 3/ firearm purchasers by States with “alternative”
systems, 1993 59
Polices/practices of State criminal history
repository regarding modification of felony 22. Purchasers determined to be ineligible to
convictions, 1993 33 purchase firearms in alternative States, 1993 6/
10. Fingerprinting of incarcerated offenders and 23. Presale criminal history record checks by States
linkage to records maintained by State criminal subject to the Federal waiting period,
history repository, 1993 35 Febru28a -r Mayrc h 18, 1994 63
11. Probation and parole data in State criminal 24. Cost of implementing and operating programs
history repository, 1989, 1992 and 1993 37 for presale criminal hisretcorod crhecyks on
potential firearm purchasers, 1993 65
12. Average number of days to proce: s arrest data
submitted to State criminal history repository 25. Search methods used in conducting criminal
and current status of backlog, 1993 39 history checks on potential firearm purchasers,
1993 67
13. Average number of days to process disposition data
submitted to State criminal history repository and U.S. Attorney General’s estimated goals/
current status of backlog, 1993 4/ timetables for criminal history record sharing in a
national instant background check system, 1994 69
14. Average number of days to process correctional
admission data submitted to State criminal Fingerprint cards and dispositions received by the
history repository and current status of backlog, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1993 7/
1993 43
28. Criminal history records of Interstate
15. Procedures employed by State criminal history Identification Index (III) participants maintained
repository to encourage complete arrest and by the State criminal history repository and the
disposition reporting, 1993 45 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1993 73
iv Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1993
‘ NJ
Foreword
Two previous surveys in this series are playing increasingly important positions of trust involving children,
were also carried out by SEARCH roles in criminal justice processing the elderly, or the disabled.
for the Bureau of Justice Statistics of offenders, including identifying
and covered the years 1989 and perpetrators of crimes from latent To achieve a workable and depend-
1992, This year's survey, in addition fingerprints, making bail and able national system requires that
to updating the same information pretrial release decisions, deter- all states nieve high levels of
collected in previous years, enabled mining which defendants are subject coverage, completeness, accuracy,
the Justice Department to fulfill re- to "three strikes" laws, making and accessibility of their criminal
quirements of the Brady Handgun appropriate sentencing decisions, record systems. The results of this
Violence Prevention Act and the and determining conditions of survey provide quantitative infor-
Child Protection Act of 1993. Based correctional supervision or release. mation for monitoring progress
on the information collected in the Non-criminal uses of criminal toward these goals, and the Bureau
survey, the Attorney General estab- history records include background of Justice Statistics hopes they will
lished timetables for each state checks for employment, licensing, help in developing comprehensive
to participate in the national comput- security clearances, and determining state plans that most effectively
erized systems that will enable gun eligibility to purchase firearms. achieve the goals.
dealers and other authorized users Under provisions of the Child
to carry out instant background Protection Act, as amended by oe Mo. hash.
checks. the Vivlent Crime Control and
Law Enforcement Act of 1994,
Computerized versions of these records are also used to assure Jan M. Chaiken, Ph.D.
fingerprint-based "rap" sheets that unsuitable persons are not given Director
Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1993
ed eel Se eee, Se LE RTT TN EE IRA: Ot OE TRI me eR hae “ae Ae Fe Ao ON HO Ce Oe Re ee Re Be oa
T
Glossary of terms
Automated Fingerprint identification System legislation varies concerning disclosure of criminal
(AFIS): An automated system for searching history records for noncriminal justice purposes.
fingerprint files and transmitting fingerprint images.
AFIS computer equipment can scan fingerprint Data Quality: The extent to which criminal history
impressions (or utilize electronically transmitted records are complete, accurate and timely. The key
fingerprint images) and automatically extract and concern in data quality is the completeness of records
digitize ridge details and other identifying and the extent to which records include dispositions as
characteristics in sufficient detail to enable the well as arresi and charge information. Other concerns
computer’s searching and matching components to include the timeliness of data reporting to State and —
distinguish a single fingerprint from thousands or even Federal repositories, the timeliness of data entry by the
millions of fingerprints previously scanned and stored reposiantd toher reiadaebislit y of criminal history
in digital form in the computer’s memory. The records.
process eliminates the manual searching of fingerprint
files and increases the speed and accuracy of ten-print Felony or Serious Misdemeanor: The category
processing (arrest fingerprint cards and noncriminal of offenses for which fingerprints and criminal history
justice applicant fingerprint cards). AFIS equipment information are accepted by the FBI and entered in the
also can be used to identify individuals from “latent” Bureau’s files, including the III system. Serious
(crime scene) fingerprints, even fragmentary prints of misdemeiasn deofirne d to exclude certain minor
single fingers in son.. cases. Digital fingerprint offenses such as drunkenness or minor traffic offenses.
images generated by AFIS equipment can be
transmitted electronically to remote sites, eliminating interstate identification index (ill): An “index-
the necessity of mailing fingerprint cards and pointer” system for the interstate exchange of criminal
providing remote access to AFIS fingerprint files. history records. Under III, the FBI maintains an
identification index to persons arrested for felonies or
Central Repository: The database (or the agency serious misdemundeera Stnateo orr Fesder al law. The
housing the database) which maintains criminal index includes identification information (for example,
history records on all State offenders. Records include name, date of birth, race, sex, etc.), FBI Numbers and
fingerprint files and files containing identification State Identification Numbers (SIDs) from each State
segments and notations of arrests and dispositions. holding information about an individual. Search
The central repository is generally responsible for inquiries from criminal justice agencies nationwide are
State-level identification of arrestees, and commonly transmitted automatically via State
serves as the central control terminal for contact with telecommunications networks and the FBI’s National
FBI record systems. Inquiries from local agencies for a Crime Information Center (NCIC)
national record check (for criminal justice or firearm telecommunications lines. Searches are made on the
check purposes) are routed to the FBI via the central basis of name and other identifiers. The processi s
repository. Although usually housed in the entirely automated and takes approximately five
Department of Public Safety, the central repository seconds to complete. If a hit is made against the Index,
may in some States be maintained by the State Police record requests are made using SIDs or FBI Numbers
or some other State agency. and data are automatically retrieved om each
repository holding records on the individuaalnd
Criminal History Record Information (CHRI) fortwo tahe rrequedstineg adgenc y. At present, 25
or Criminal Histo’y Record Information States participate in ITI and the system operates for
System: A record (or the system maintaining such criminal justice inquiries only. Responses are provided
records) which includes individual identifiers and from FBI files where the State originating the record is
describes an individual’s arrests and subsequent not a participiann ItII . Perticipation requires that the
dispositions. Criminal history records do not include State maintain an automated criminal history record
intelligence or investigative data or sociological data system capable of interfacing with the III system and
such as drug use history. CHRI systems usually capable of responding automatically to all interstate
include informa... a on juveniles if they are tried as and Federalre/coSrdt raeqtuesets . If extentdoe codve r
adults in criminal courts, but in most cases do not noncriminal justice inquiries, as planned, the III
include data describing involvement of an individual in system would eliminate the need for duplicate
the juvenile justice system. All data in CHRI systems recordkeeping at the Federal and State level since it
are usually backed by fingerprints of the record wouldn o ionbeg neecesrsar y for the FBI to maintain
subjects to provide positive identification. State records on State offenders. At present, III ensures
Survey of Criminal History Information Systems, 1993 Glossary vii