Survey Fishes

453 Pages·2017·60.01 MB·English

by  Daniel J. Kamikawa

NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-138
Survey Fishes:

An Illustrated List of the Fishes Captured
during the Northwest Fisheries Science
Center’s Fishery Resource Analysis and
Monitoring Division’s West Coast Surveys
https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-NWFSC-138
September 2017
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Marine Fisheries Service
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-138
Survey Fishes:

An Illustrated List of the Fishes Captured
during the Northwest Fisheries Science
Center’s Fishery Resource Analysis and
Monitoring Division’s West Coast Surveys
https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-NWFSC-138
Daniel J. Kamikawa
Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division
Newport Research Station
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
2032 Southeast OSU Drive
Newport, Oregon 97365
September 2017
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Marine Fisheries Service
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/index.cfm
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC Series
The Northwest Fisheries Science Center of NOAA’s National
Marine Fisheries Service uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum
NMFS-NWFSC series to issue scientific and technical publications.
Manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and edited. Publications in this
series can be cited in the scientific and technical literature.
The Northwest Fisheries Science Center’s NOAA Technical
Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC series continues the NMFS-F/NWC
series established in 1970 by the Northwest and Alaska Fisheries
Science Center, which subsequently was divided into the Northwest
Fisheries Science Center and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The
latter uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC series.
NOAA Technical Memorandums NMFS-NWFSC
are available at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center
website, https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/index.cfm.
Mention throughout this document to trade names or commercial
companies is for identification purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
Reference this document as follows:
Kamikawa, D. J. 2017. Survey Fishes: An Illustrated List of the Fishes
Captured during the Northwest Fisheries Science Center’s Fishery
Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division’s West Coast Surveys. U.S.
Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-
NWFSC-138. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-NWFSC-138
ii
Contents
Dedication ...................................................................................................................................................................iv
Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................................v
Key to Fish Families ...................................................................................................................................................vi
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................1
Taxon Accounts and Keys to Species ........................................................................................................................5
References ................................................................................................................................................................408
Supplemental Data Sources ...................................................................................................................................409
List of Species ...........................................................................................................................................................418
iii
Dedication
To my parents,
Paul and Annamae Kamikawa,
because they took me fishing.
iv
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank the following people who contributed their knowledge of taxonomy and
systematics in confirming the identification for the species listed in this guide.
James Orr, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC)
Duane Stevenson, AFSC
Doug Markle, Professor of Fisheries, Oregon State University (OSU)
Dave Ebert, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML)
The following organizations and individuals graciously allowed me the use of their photographs.
The FRAM Division Groundfish Survey Team
The Southern California Shelf Rockfish Hook and Line Survey
The West Coast Groundfish Observer Program (WCGOP)
The At-Sea Hake Observer Program (ASHOP)
The FRAM Division Acoustics Team
The Hawaiian Longline Observer Program
Dave Ebert, MLML John Buchanan, NWFSC
James Orr, AFSC Doug Draper, NWFSC
Allen Andrews, National Marine Fisheries Aaron Chappell, NWFSC
Service Keith Bosley, NWFSC
Laura J. Green, OSU Peter Frey, NWFSC
Nick Wilsman, Oregon Department of Fish Melissa Head, NWFSC
and Wildlife John Harms, NWFSC
Dr. Peter J. Bryant, School of Biological John LaFargue, WCGOP
Sciences, University of California, Irvine Morgan Golding, WCGOP
Victor Simon, Northwest Fisheries Science Vanessa Tuttle, ASHOP
Center (NWFSC) Cassandra Donovan, ASHOP
John E. Randall, Hawaii Biological Survey Eric Brasseur, WCGOP
The following assisted with the photo editing and data review.
John Buchanan, NWFSC
Doug Draper, NWFSC
Aaron Chappell, NWFSC
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Key to Fish Families
1 Jaws absent; 1 median nostril; no paired fins or scales .....................................................................2
1 Jaws present; paired nostrils; paired fins & scales present or absent ...................................................3
2(1) Barbels around mouth; mouth a fleshy opening ................................................Myxinidae p 5
2 No barbels; mouth a toothed sucking disc ..............................................Petromyzontidae p 6
3(1) 1–7 gill openings; if 1 opening, opercular cover consists of soft
tissue covering 4 internal gill pores; scaleless; no caudal peduncle;
first dorsal is high & triangular, preceded by stout, serrated spine;
second dorsal is low, strongly indented ..............................................................................................4
3 1 gill opening; opercular cover typically rigid (soft in some spp.),
opening into single gill cavity; fins not as described above .............................................................23
4(3) 1 gill opening; opercular cover consists of soft tissue covering
4 internal gill pores; scaleless; no caudal peduncle; first dorsal is
high & triangular, preceded by stout, serrated spine; second
dorsal is low, strongly indented ...........................................................................................................5
4 5–7 gill openings ....................................................................................................................................6
5(4) Short, blunt snout ..............................................................................................Chimaeridae p 42
5 Long, tapering snout ...............................................................................Rhinochimaeridae p 44
6(4) Pectoral fins attached to head; gill slits wholly on ventral surface ...................................................7
6 Pectoral fins detached from head; gill slits not confined to ventral
surface, though may partially extend onto ventral surface .............................................................12
7(6) Prominent caudal fin.............................................................................................................................8
7 Caudal fin small or absent ..................................................................................................................10
8(7) Electric organs present ......................................................................................Torpedinidae p 28
8 Electric organs absent ...........................................................................................................................9
9(8) Pectoral fins and head form wedge-shaped disc; snout is broad
and angular; small thorns around eyes and along dorsal midline;
first dorsal fin closer to pelvic fins than caudal fin .......................................Rhinobatidae p 26
9 Pectoral fins and head form heart-shaped disc; snout is broad
and rounded; 1–3 rows of large, hooklike thorns on disc; first
dorsal fin closer to caudal fin than pelvic fins ..............................................Platyrhinidae p 27
10(7) No stinging spine at base of tail; 2 dorsal fins ..................................................................................11
10 Stinging spine at base of tail; 1 dorsal fin, if present......................................Myliobatidae p 41
11(9) Flabby flexible snout .................................................................................Arhynchobatidae p 30
11 Rigid stiff snout ............................................................................................................Rajidae p 36
12(6) Anal fin absent .....................................................................................................................................13
12 Anal fin present....................................................................................................................................18
13(12) Flat, raylike body; terminal mouth; large pectoral fins not
attached to head ...................................................................................................Squatinidae p 25
13 Body not flat .........................................................................................................................................14
14(13) Fifth gill opening much shorter than first 4; dorsal fin
spines present .......................................................................................................................................15
14 All 5 gill openings similar in size; dorsal fin spines present
or absent ...............................................................................................................................................16
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15(14) Teeth with 1 central cusp flanked by 1–2 cusplets ........................................Etmopteridae p 10
15 Teeth oblique, bladelike, with 1 smooth cusp ......................................................Squalidae p 9
16(15) First dorsal fin originates behind pelvic fins ..............................................Echinorhinidae p 10
16 First dorsal fin originates ahead of pelvic fins .................................................................................17
17(16) First dorsal fin origin closer to pelvic fins; second dorsal fin base
long, ~4× length of first dorsal fin base ...............................................................Dalatiidae p 11
17 First dorsal fin origin closer to pectoral fins; second dorsal fin
base less than or equal to first dorsal fin base .................................................Somniosidae p 12
18(12) 1 dorsal fin; 6–7 paired gill openings ..............................................................Hexanchidae p 8
18 2 dorsal fins; 5 paired gill openings ...................................................................................................19
19(18) Fin spines present .........................................................................................Heterodontidae p 14
19 Fin spines absent..................................................................................................................................20
20(19) Nictitating eyelids ................................................................................................................................21
20 No nictitating eyelids ..............................................................................................Alopiidae p 15
21(20) First dorsal fin base originates over or well behind pelvic fin base ............Scyliorhinidae p 18
21 First dorsal fin originates well ahead of or slightly overlaps
anterior portion of pelvic fins ............................................................................................................22
22(21) Moderate to large size; round eyes; no spiracles; teeth bladelike;
short labial furrows; small second dorsal fin; precaudal pits;
scrolled intestinal valve .................................................................................Carcharhinidae p 24
22 Small to moderate size; oval eyes; large spiracles; teeth pebble- or
bladelike; long labial furrows; dorsal fins about equal size; no
precaudal pits; spiral intestinal valve .....................................................................Triakidae p 21
23(3) Dorsal lobe of caudal fin much larger than ventral lobe; 5 well
separated longitudinal rows of bony plates on body; protractile
inferior mouth .................................................................................................Acipenseridae p 45
23 Lobes of caudal fin variable but symmetrical; no rows of bony
plates; mouth variable .........................................................................................................................24
24(23) Body compressed asymmetrically; both eyes on same side; eyed
side generally highly pigmented ........................................................................................................25
24 Variable body shape, but symmetrical; 1 eye on each side; color
similar on both sides ...........................................................................................................................27
25(24) No separate caudal fin, lateral line, or pectoral fins; 1 pelvic fin
on eyed side only .............................................................................................Cynoglossidae p 377
25 Not as above .........................................................................................................................................26
26(25) Pelvic fins asymmetrically placed; eyed side fin on abdominal ridge;
eyes & color usually on left side of body ..................................................................Bothidae p 378
26 Pelvic fins symmetrically placed on sides of body; eyes & color
usually on right side of body .........................................................................Pleuronectidae p 384
27(24) Gill opening small & high on body, completely or mostly above
pectoral fin; body short & deep; head & body laterally compressed ............................................28
27 Not as above .........................................................................................................................................29
28(27) Caudal peduncle and caudal fin present; 2 dorsal fins .......................................Balistidae p 403
28 Caudal peduncle absent or greatly modified, tapering to short,
pointed caudal fin extending from close behind single dorsal fin
to close behind anal fin, with blunt-tipped triangular projection
just above midbody ....................................................................................................Molidae p 406
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29(27) Single rayed dorsal fin; no caudal or adipose fin; highly elongate
tapered body; pelvic fins midbody ....................................................................................................30
29 1 or more dorsal fins, when present; caudal, pelvic, & adipose fins
present or absent; anal fin, if present, can be composed of spines
and/or soft rays; body shape variable ................................................................................................31
30(29) Long-based dorsal fin a variable series of short, unsegmented,
isolated spines beginning on head or body and extending past
anus, but ending before end of tail ...............................................................Notacanthidae p 47
30 Short based dorsal fin a series of segmented rays connected by
membrane located midbody ............................................................................Halosauridae p 48
31(29) Pelvic fins absent or embedded in body ...........................................................................................32
31 Pelvic fins present (may be modified into sucker disc or cone) ....................................................57
32(31) Pectoral fins absent; long pointed snout with fleshy tip; inferior
lower jaw .......................................................................................................Nettastomatidae p 59
32 Pectoral fins present ............................................................................................................................33
33(32) Long, slender, beaklike jaws may or may not be recurved.......................Nemichthyidae p 50
33 Jaws not long, slender, or beaklike ....................................................................................................34
34(33) Dorsal fin originates well behind origin of anal fin ..................................Serrivomeridae p 52
34 Dorsal fin origin anterior to, equal to, or not significantly
posterior to anal fin origin .................................................................................................................35
35(34) Mouth huge, gape extending well back behind eyes .......................................................................36
35 Mouth not greatly enlarged, gape variable .......................................................................................38
36(35) Short body; dorsal & anal fin rays becoming progressively longer
posteriorly until just before tip of tail, then becoming abruptly
short; dorsal fin origin above anus .....................................................................Cyematidae p 57
36 Highly elongate body; dorsal & anal fin rays short; dorsal fin
origin forward of anus ........................................................................................................................37
37(36) Highly elongate body; mouth huge, gape up to 40% of pre-anal
length; dorsal fin originates well behind head, just forward of anus .....Saccopharyngidae p 54
37 Highly elongate body; mouth even larger, gape over 50% of
pre-anal length; dorsal fin begins in front of pectoral fins, well
forward of anus ..........................................................................................Eurypharyngidae p 59
38(35) Gill opening on side behind lower part of pectoral fin base;
illicium on head in females ................................................................................................................39
38 Position of gill opening variable; no illicium ...................................................................................43
39(38) Long dorsal fin with 11 or more rays; short anal fin generally with
4 rays, very rarely 3 or 5; no sphenotic spines, smooth skin ......................Melanocetidae p 162
39 Short dorsal fin with 10 or fewer rays; skin may be smooth or not .................................................40
40(39) Elongate compressed body; 2–3 caruncles (dorsal fin rays
modified into fleshy lobes); skin covered with numerous,
close-set dermal spines ..........................................................................................Ceratiidae p 160
40 Body variable; no caruncles ...............................................................................................................41
41(40) Very long dorsal and anal fin rays .............................................................Caulophrynidae p 163
41 Dorsal and anal fin rays not as above ...............................................................................................42
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42(41) Body shape variable, from short & globose to elongate, slender,
compressed; retractable illicium emerging well behind tip of snout,
bearing well developed esca; second dorsal spine greatly reduced,
embedded beneath skin on head .......................................................................Oneirodidae p 163
42 Elongate, slender, compressed body; nonretractable illicium
extends from extreme tip of snout; upper jaw extends slightly
beyond lower .................................................................................................Gigantactinidae p 164
43(38) Anal fin absent or short-based (less than 25% of SL) ......................................................................44
43 Anal fin 25% or more of SL ................................................................................................................46
44(43) Telescopic eyes; protractile jaws; lowest 2 caudal fin rays highly
elongate (can be greater than body length in undamaged specimens) ............Stylephoridae p 134
44 Not as above .........................................................................................................................................45
45(44) Anal fin absent; caudal fin has 2 lobes: upper with 5–7 rays
(sometimes upturned, conspicuous, and fanlike), lower with
5–9 rays (some of which are highly elongate) ............................................Trachipteridae* p 131
45 Anal fin present....................................................................................................................................46
46(45) Body deeper before anus; high crest over eyes .................................................Lophotidae p 129
46 Body depth variable; no high crest over eyes ...................................................................................47
47(46) Anal fin proceeded by 2 free spines: first is very small, second is
variously modified into a leaflike or keeled scute, or a stout spine
that may or may not have soft rays ..................................................................Trichiuridae* p 357
47 Anal fin not as above ...........................................................................................................................48
48(47) Dorsal fin composed of spinous and soft-rayed portions, with
shallow to deep notch between them; large, highly branched
cirrus over each eye ..................................................................................................Cottidae* p 250
48 Dorsal fin composed of spines and/or soft rays, without notch if
both spinous and soft-rayed portions present; no highly branched
cirrus over each eye .............................................................................................................................49
49(48) Pectoral fins well developed, lower pectoral rays partly free .............................Liparidae* p 275
49 Pectoral fins rudimentary to well developed, lower pectoral rays
not partly free .......................................................................................................................................50
50(49) Dorsal fin with soft rays only .............................................................................................................51
50 Dorsal fin all spines or a combination of spines and soft rays .......................................................53
51(50) Dorsal and anal fin join with caudal fin ..............................................................Zoarcidae* p 332
51 Dorsal and anal fin not joined with caudal fin ................................................................................52
52(51) Lateral line located very high on body; lower jaw strongly
projecting; single long based dorsal fin; short anal fin below rear
of dorsal; reduced pelvic fin with 1 small spine and 5 soft rays .................Ammodytidae p 356
52 Lateral line not high; juveniles deep-bodied, adults elongate;
skeleton mainly cartilage; long slender caudal peduncle; large,
paddlelike caudal fin, rounded in juveniles, emarginate in adults;
juveniles have pelvic fins ........................................................................................Icosteidae p 361
53(50) Dorsal & anal fins join with caudal, tapering to point or filament ..........Anarhichadidae* p 349
53 Dorsal & anal fins separate from caudal, or join but are distinct
and do not taper to point or filament ...............................................................................................54
* In part.
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