Table Of ContentThe International Library of Psychology
SURPRISE AND THE
PSYCHO-ANALYST
Founded by C. K. Ogden
The International Library of Psychology
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
In 21 Volumes
I The Psycho-Analysis of Artistic Vision
and Hearing Ehrenzweig
II A Source Book of Gestalt Psychology ElliS
III Common Sense and its Cultivation Hankin
IV The Nature of Learning Hunqhrey
V Eidetic Imagery and Typological Methods
of Investigation Jaensch
VI The World of Colour Katz
VII Principles of Gestalt Psychology Koffka
VIII Colour and Colour Theories Ladd- Franklin
IX Sense-Perception and Matter Lean
X Invention and the Unconscious Montmasson
XI Psychology and Education Ogden
XII Human Speech Paget
XIII The Gestalt Theory and the Problem of
Configuration Petermann
XIV Surprise and the Psycho-Analyst Reik
xv The Psychology of a Musical Prodigy R6VhZ
XVI Biological Memory Rignano
XVII The Psychology of Reasoning Rignano
XVIII The Effects of Music Schoen
XIX Analysis of Perception Smytbies
xx Speech Disorders Stinchfield
XXI The Psycho-Biology of Language ZiPf
SURPRISE AND THE
PSYCHO-ANALYST
On the Conjecture and
Comprehension of Unconscious
Processes
THEODOR REIK
First published in 1936 by
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.
Reprinted in 1999 by
Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Printed and Bound in Great Britain
0 193 6 Theodor Reik
Translated from the German by Margaret M Green
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
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of the works reprinted in the International Library of Psycholo~.
This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would
welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies
we have been unable to trace.
These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases
the condition of these originals is not perfect. The publisher has gone to
great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point
out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be
apparent in reprints thereof.
British Lihary Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Surprise and the Psycho-Analyst
ISBN 0415-20969-2
Cognitive Psychology: 21 Volumes
ISBN 0415-21126-3
The International Library of Psychology: 204 Volumes
ISBN 0415-19132-7
DEDICATED IN TOKEN OF FRIENDSHIP, TO
DR. I. E. G. VAN EMDEN
CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGB
I INTRODUCTORY. PSYCHOLOGY IS NOT SELF-EVIDENT I
II CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS OBSBRVATION . . I.5
III NOTICING, ATTENTION, AND TAKING NOTE . . 31
IV FROM THE TRVLY STARTLING TO THE STARTLINGLY
TRUE . . . . . . . . 51
V THE PSYCHOGEIWXS OF ANALYTICAL INTBRPRETATION
AND OF WIT . . . . . . . 62
VI KNOWLEDGE EXPERIENCED AND KNOWLEDGE LEARNT BY
ROTE . . . . . . . . 73
VII THERE IS NO ROYAL ROAD THROUGH THE UNCONSCIOUS 86
VIII POINT OF DEPARTURE, PAUSS, REXJMPTION . . 101
IX CONCERNING TACT, TIME, AND RHYTHM . . II2
X THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN MEMORY AND RBMINIS-
CENCE . . . . . . . . 126
XI AN UIWOMPREHENDED CASE . . . . . 141
XII THE QUESTION OF EVIDEIWE-CONJECTURE AND COM-
PREHENSION . . . . . . . 156
XIII THE PSYCHICAL PROCESS OF CONJECZVRB . . 168
XIV THE ORIGINAL NATURB OF COMPREHENSION . . 179
xv THE INSTINCTIW BASIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONJEC-
TURE . . . . . . . . 191
XVI CONCERNING RECIPROCAL ILLUMINATION . . . 206
XVII THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RECURRENT R~PLECTION . 225
XVIII THE EXPERIENCE OF &T-IERS IN THE EGO . . 237
XIX THE PSYCHICAL MECHANISM OF ANTICIPATION . 252
xx THE SHOCK OF THOUGHT . . . . . 263
XXI PSYCHOLOGIIXL COGNITION AND SUFFERINO. THE
COURAGE NOT TO COMPREHEND . . . . 275
INDEX . . . . . . . . . 289
vii
SURPRISE AND THE
PSYCHO-ANALYST
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY
PSYCHOLOGY IS NOT SELF-EVIDENT
T HIS book is an attempt-so far as I know, the first-
to describe what is required of an investigator into the
unconscious mental processes of another person, and what he
achieves. By describing the psychological process of cognition
from within, I intend at the same time to trace the way from
conjecturing to comprehending the unconscious processes.
I shall not treat the processes of conjecture and comprehen-
sion of unconscious phenomena on the same footing. I shall
establish the process of conjecture as far as my knowledge
goes. As regards the process of comprehension, I shall only
discuss its initial phases, its primary intent and psychical
mechanism. This discrimination is due to the different part
which the unconscious plays in the two processes ; it is, of
course, greater in the reconnoitring phase of conjecture than
in the stage of cognition, in which the performances of the
unconscious mind are apprehended with the resources and
methods of conscious thought. I am concerned with the
investigation of the unconscious and preconscious phases, lead-
ing from the perception of a psychical phenomenon to its
comprehension.
Undoubtedly there are at the present time various schools
of psychology occupied in the investigation of unconscious
I B
SURPRISE AND THE PSYCHO-ANALYST
psychical phenomena. Yet there can no longer be any question
but that psycho-analysis denotes that school which has pene-
trated furthest into the unexplored regions of the science. If
we wish to know what goes on in the psychologist who grasps
the unconscious processes in another, we must first depict
the nature and direction, the preliminary conditions and aims,
of the processes in question. In the present case, since I may
assume a knowledge of the results attained by psycho-analytical
research, this part of the inquiry is superfluous.
Nor am I concerned with a systematic restatement of the
methods of analysis, but with its psychological prerequisites.
The reader will, therefore, hear nothing of the theoretical
assumptions and the nature of the method of penetrating into
the unconscious depths, nothing of the principle of psychical
determinism, of associations, the manipulation of dream inter-
pretation, nothing of the technique of psycho-analysis in the
sense in which we ordinarily understand it.
The methods of psycho-analysis have been frequently and
fully described. We have a series of works on the subject,
from Freud’s early papers to the recent book by Imre Hermann.
From the present work I have deliberately excluded every-
thing that has already been treated in the scientific literature
of psycho-analysis ; only such questions will be dealt with as,
to the best of my knowledge, have not yet been discussed by
psycho-analytical writers in a manner adequate to their im-
portance. That does not imply that I intend to confine myself
to original matter. Not everything contained in this book is
new. What is new, is that it is stated. In this sense-and
only in this sense-the present work seeks to point to new
roads in the technique of psycho-analysis.
In touching upon the subject of psycho-analytical technique,
it will be well, I think, to utter a kind of warning-a& aux
amateurs. I myself can have no opinion as to whether my
readers will be abIe to learn anything from these essays. But
one thing is certain : that they cannot learn the technique of
psycho-analysis from them. For I disagree with a number
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