Surface Treatments for Improved Performance and Properties

220 Pages·1982·5.479 MB·English

by  Phillip A. Parrish (auth.), John J. Burke, Volker Weiss (eds.)

Surface Treatments
for Improved
Performance and
Properties
SAGAMORE ARMY MATERIALS
RESEARCH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Recent volumes in the series:
10th: Characterization of Materials in Research: Ceramics and Polymers
Edited by John J. Burke and Volker Weiss
lIst: Advances in Deformadon Processing
Edited by John J. Burke and Volker Weiss
llnd: Applicadon of Fracture Mechanics to Design
Edited by John J. Burke and Volker Weiss
23rd: Nondestrucdve Evaluadon of Materials
Edited by John J. Burke and Volker Weiss
24th: Risk and Failure Analysis for Improved Performance and Reliability
Edited by John J. Burke and Volker Weiss
15th: Advances in Metal Processing
Edited by John J. Burke, Robert Mehrabian, and Volker Weiss
26th: Surface Treatments for Improved Performance and Properties
Edited by John J. Burke and Volker Weiss
Surface Treatments
for Improved
Performance and
Properties
Edited by
John J. Burke
Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
Watertown, Massachusetts
and
Volker Weiss
Syracuse University
Syracuse, New York
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Surface treatments for improved performance and properties.
"Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference, held July
16-20, 1979, at the Sagamore Hotel, Bolton Landing, Lake George, New York" - Verso t.p.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Materials-Surfaces-Congresses. 2. Surface hardening-Congresses. I. Burke, John J.
II. Weiss, Volker, 1930- III. Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference (26th:
1979: Bolton Landing, N.Y.)
TA418.7.S934 660.2'9453 81-21144
ISBN 978-1-4684-4132-1 ISBN 978-1-4684-4130-7 (eBook) AACR2
001 10.1007/978-1-4684-4130-7
Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference,
held July 16-20, 1979, at the Sagamore Hotel, Bolton Landing, Lake George, New York.
© 1982 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
SAGAMORE CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Chairman
JOHN J. BURKE
Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
Co-Chairman
VOLKER WEISS
Syracuse University
Secretary
JOSEPH A. BERNIER
Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
Program Committee
JOHN J. BURKE
Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
PETER FICALORA
Syracuse University
MERTON E. FLEMINGS
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
NICK GRANT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
HERIBERT K. HERGLOTZ
E. 1. DuPont de Nemours
L. RAY HETTCHE
Naval Research Laboratory
HENRY A. JOHNSON
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
MILTON LEVY
Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
GEORGE MAYER
Army Research Office
PHILLIP A. PARRISH
Army Research Office
L. M. SCHETKY
International Copper Research
VOLKER WEISS
Syracuse University
Conference Coordinator
HELEN BROWN DEMASCIO
PREFACE
The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coop
eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University
has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research
Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences
has been to bring together over 150 scientists and engineers
from academic institutions, industry and government who are
uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance
to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific
community.
These proceedings, entitled SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR IM
PROVED PERFORMANCE AND PROPERTIES, address the Physical and
Chemical Characteristics of Surfaces, Emerging Surface Modi
fication Techniques, Surface Structure and Mechanical Proper
ties, and Relationships between Properties and Processing for
Non-metric Materials.
We wish to acknowledge the dedicated assistance of JoseDh
M. Bernier of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the
stages of the conference planning and finally the publication
of this book.
The continued active interest and support of these con
ferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and
Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated.
Syracuse University
Syracuse, New York The Editors
vii
CONTENTS
SESSION I
1. Surface Modification for Improved Properties. . . . . . .. 3
P. A. Parrish
SESSION II
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF SURFACES
P. Ficalora, Moderator
2. Characterization of Surfaces. 19
H. K. Herglotz
3. Reaction Kinetics 51
J. B. Hudson
4. Surfac e Treatments for Enhanced Bonding Between
Inorganic Surfaces and Polymers ........ . 75
F. M. Fowkes
SESSION III
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF SURFACES (Continued)
H. Herglotz, Moderator
5. The Chemistry of Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement 87
H. W. Liu and P. J. Ficalora
6. Corrosion Principles and Surface Modification 93
J. Kruger
7. High Temperature Corrosion of Surfaces and
Protection Schemes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
F. S. Pettit
ix
x CONTENTS
SESSION IV
EMERGING SURFACE MODIFICATION
TECHNIQUES
J. W. Johnson, Moderator
8. The Effect of Temperatures Developed During Sputter
Ion Plating on the Microstructure and Microhardness
of AISI 4340 Steel. . . . . . . . . . .. .... 133
R. F. \-lielonski, H. A. Beale, and 1. Ahmad
SESSION V
SURFACE STRUCTURE AND
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
M. Levy, Moderator
9. Near Surface Modifications for Improved Crack Tolerant
Behavior of High Strength Alloys: Trends and Prospects .. 143
L. R. Hettche and B. B. Rath
10. Fretting Corrosion and Fretting Fatigue .......... 173
D. J. Duquette
SESSION VI
RELATIONSHIPS PROPERTIES AND
BE~-lEEN
PROCESSING FOR NON-~mTRIC MATERIALS
H. Johnson, Moderator
11. Relationship Between Surface Structure, Ceramic Processing
and Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
J. J. Mecholsky, P. F. Becher, and S. W. Freiman
Index ........................... 217
SESSION I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
SURFACE MODIFICATION FOR IMPROVED PROPERTIES
Phillip A. Parrish
U.S. Army Research Office
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
INTRODUCTION
Almost every material in use today has a surface which is
different from the material beneath the surface. For the most
part, these surfaces playa useful role in the service life of
the material. Such surface/bulk material combinations can be
considered as composites, with surfaces ranging from a naturally
occurring oxide layer protecting such metals as aluminum,
titanium, and stainless steel to very deliberately tailored addi
tions of alloying elements to attain specific desired properties,
as in the cases of molecular beam epitaxy and ion implantation.
In tailoring a surface, important common features are: 1) the
specific property of the coating material itself, as influenced
by composition and microstructure, 2) the interaction between the
coating and the substrate, and 3) the problem of adhesion of the
coating to the substrate, which is of utmost importance since the
expected properties will be lost if the desired surface is
removed. Figure 1 gives examples of phenomena which are affected
by these three important features of coatings which must be
addressed in any application.
HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The historical role of surfaces was appreciated even in the
early history of chemical sciences. Much of the framework of the
thermodynamics of surfaces that is utilized today was developed
by Gibbs a century ago, when measurements such as the surface
3