Surface Preparation Techniques for Adhesive Bonding (Materials Science and Process Technology Series)

172 Pages·1990·7.1 MB·English

by  Raymond F. Wegman

by
Raymond F. Wegman
Adhesion Associates
Ledgewood, New Jersey
Reprint Edition
r;:;:::l NOVES PUBLICATIONS
~ Westwood, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Copyright @ 1989 by Raymond F. Wegman
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any informa-
tion storage and retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the Publisher.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 88-34528
ISBN: O-8155-1198-1
Printed in the United States
Published in the United States of America by
Noyes Publications
Fairview Avenue, Westwood, New Jersey 07675
10987654
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wegman, Raymond F.
Surface preparation techniques for adhesive bonding.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Adhesives. 2. Surface preparation. I. Title.
TP966.W44 1989 668.3 88-34526
ISBN O-8155-1198-1
To all those engineers and scientists who have
dedicated their careers to the advancement of
the field of materials and processing for adhe-
sive bonding; and to my wife, Rose, whose en-
couragement, indulgence, and sacrifice made
this book possible.
Preface
The purpose of this handbook is to provide information
on processing adherends prior to adhesive bonding. Where
sufficient data was available the processes are given in the
form of process specifications. Further, where available,
data is given to enable potential users a basis for the selec-
tion of the process most suitable for their particular appli-
cation and facility.
It is known that many of the chemicals used in these
processes are hazardous due to their strong oxidizing
properties, or may be toxic or hazardous to one’s health.
It is the user’s responsibility to assure that proper safety,
handling and disposal procedures are implemented and
monitored when any of these methods is employed.
Raymond F. Wegman
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
My grateful thanks to Dr. David W. Levi for
his help and encouragement; Dr. John D. Ven-
ables and his staff at the Materials and Surface
Science Department at Martin Marietta Labora-
tories, for supplying the numerous micrographs
and drawings of treated surfaces.
NOTICE
To the best of the Publisher’s knowledge the in-
formation contained in this publication is accu-
rate; however, the Publisher assumes no liability
for errors or any consequences arising from the
use of the information contained herein. Final
determination of the suitability of any informa-
tion, procedure, or product for use contemplated
by any user, and the manner of that use, is the
sole responsibility of the user.
Mention of trade names or commercial products
does not constitute endorsement or recommen-
dation for use by the Publisher.
The book is intended for information only. It is
known that many of the chemicals used in the
processes described are hazardous, due to their
strong oxidizing properties, or may be toxic or
hazardous to one’s health. It is the user’s re-
sponsibility to assure that proper safety, han-
dling and disposal procedures are implemented
and monitored when any of these methods is
employed. Expert advice should be obtained at
all times when implementation is being con-
sidered.
.. .
VIII
Contents
Preface ............................................................................ vii
Acknowledgments ........................................................... viii
Notice .............................................................................. viii
1. Introduction ............................................................. 1
Adhesion .............................................................................. 1
Specific Adhesion .................................................... 2
Mechanical Adhesion ............................................... 3
Bonding ................................................................................ 5
References ........................................................................... 7
2. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ........................... 9
Introduction .......................................................................... 9
FPL Etch .............................................................................. 10
Phosphoric Acid Anodize Process ...................................... 14
P2 Etch Process .................................................................. 17
Chromic Acid Anodize Process ........................................... 19
Preparation of Aluminum Alloys by the Optimized FPL
Etch (Sulfo-Chrom Etch) .......................................... 22
Apparatus ................................................................ 22
Materials .................................................................. 22
Processing ............................................................... 23
Restrictions .............................................................. 24
ix
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x Contents

Preparation of Aluminum Alloys by the Phosphoric Acid
Anodize Process (PAA) ............................................ 24
Apparatus ................................................................ 24
Appearance ............................................................. 25
Materials .................................................................. 26
Processing ............................................................... 26
Restrictions .............................................................. 27
Anodic Coating Inspection ....................................... 27
Preparation of Aluminum Alloys by the P2 Etch (Sulfo-
Ferric Etch) ............................................................... 27
Apparatus ................................................................ 27
Materials .................................................................. 28
Processing ............................................................... 29
Restrictions .............................................................. 30
Preparation of Aluminum Alloys by the Chromic Acid
Anodize Method (CAA) ............................................. 30
Apparatus ................................................................ 30
Appearance ............................................................. 31
Materials .................................................................. 32
Processing ............................................................... 33
Restrictions .............................................................. 34
Specific Controls ...................................................... 34
References ........................................................................... 35
3. Titanium and Titanium Alloys ................................ 38
Introduction .......................................................................... 38
Preparation of Titanium by the Chromic Acid Anodize
Process ..................................................................... 51
Apparatus ................................................................ 51
Materials .................................................................. 52
Processing ............................................................... 52
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Contents xi

Restrictions .............................................................. 53
Preparation of Titanium by the Turco 5578 Process .......... 53
Apparatus ................................................................ 53
Materials .................................................................. 54
Processing ............................................................... 54
Restrictions .............................................................. 55
Preparations of Titanium by the Liquid Honel Pasa-Jell
107 Process .............................................................. 55
Apparatus ................................................................ 55
Materials .................................................................. 55
Processing ............................................................... 56
Restrictions .............................................................. 57
Preparation of Titanium by the Dry Hone/Pass-Jell 107
Process ..................................................................... 57
Apparatus ................................................................ 57
Materials .................................................................. 58
Processing ............................................................... 58
Restrictions .............................................................. 59
Preparation of Titanium by the Alkaline Peroxide
Process ..................................................................... 59
Apparatus ................................................................ 59
Materials .................................................................. 60
Processing ............................................................... 60
Restrictions .............................................................. 61
Preparation of Titanium by the Stabilized Phosphate
Fluoride Process ....................................................... 61
Apparatus ................................................................ 61
Materials .................................................................. 61
Processing ............................................................... 62
Restrictions .............................................................. 63
References ........................................................................... 63
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xii Contents

4. Steel and Stainless Steel ........................................ 66
Introduction .......................................................................... 66
Carbon and Alloy Steels ...................................................... 66
Bonding to Oily Steel ........................................................... 68
Preparation for Bonding to Oily Steel ....................... 68
Conversion Coating of Steel ................................................ 70
Stainless Steel ..................................................................... 70
Specialty Stainless Steels ................................................... 72
Preparation of Steel by the Phosphoric Acid-Alcohol
Process ..................................................................... 72
Apparatus ................................................................ 72
Materials .................................................................. 73
Processing ............................................................... 73
Variations ................................................................. 73
Restrictions .............................................................. 73
Preparation of Steel by the Nitric-Phosphoric Acid
Process ..................................................................... 74
Apparatus ................................................................ 74
Materials .................................................................. 74
Processing ............................................................... 74
Preparation of Stainless Steel by the Sulfuric Acid-
Sodium Dichromate Process .................................... 74
Apparatus ................................................................ 74
Materials .................................................................. 75
Processing ............................................................... 75
Restrictions .............................................................. 76
Preparation of Stainless Steel by the Sulfuric Acid-
Sodium Bisulfate Process ........................................ 76
Apparatus ................................................................ 76
Materials .................................................................. 77
Processing ............................................................... 77
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