Supported Metal Single Atom Catalysis

672 Pages·2022·14.36 MB·english

by  Philippe Serp

SupportedMetalSingleAtomCatalysis
Supported Metal Single Atom Catalysis
Edited by Philippe Serp and Doan Pham Minh
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v
Contents
Foreword xv
Preface xxi
1 IntroductiontoSupportedMetalSingleAtomCatalysis 1
DoanPhamMinhandPhilippeSerp
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Definition 4
1.3 OriginsofSupportedMetalSingleAtomCatalysts 7
1.4 Challenges,Limitations,andPossibleOpportunitiesinSupportedMetal
SingleAtomCatalysis 14
1.4.1 MetalLoadinginSupportedMetalSingleAtomCatalysts 14
1.4.2 MetallicSpeciesHomogeneityinSupportedMetalSingleAtom
Catalysts 17
1.4.2.1 AreClustersorNanoparticlesPresentinSupportedMetalSingle
AtomCatalysts? 17
1.4.2.2 ControloftheLocalEnvironmentofSingleAtomsinSupportedMetal
SingleAtomCatalysts 18
1.4.3 MetalSingleAtomStabilityandDynamicinSupportedMetalSingle
AtomCatalysts 21
1.4.3.1 ThermalandChemicalStability 21
1.4.3.2 SupportedSingleAtomDynamicsinChemicalReactions 26
1.4.4 ObtainingReliableInformationAbouttheActiveSitesofMetal
SACs 30
Acknowledgments 31
References 31
2 PreparationofSupportedMetalSingle-AtomCatalystson
MetalOxidesandHydroxides 51
CanioScarfiello,JeremyAudevard,CaroleLeBerre,KaterinaSoulantica,
PhilippeSerp,andDoanPhamMinh
2.1 Introduction 51
2.2 Gas-PhaseDepositionMethods 52
vi Contents
2.2.1 Mass-SelectedSoft-LandingMethod 52
2.2.2 AtomicLayerDeposition(ALD)Method 53
2.3 WetChemistryMethods 58
2.3.1 ImpregnationMethods 58
2.3.1.1 WetImpregnation 58
2.3.1.2 IncipientWetnessImpregnation(IWI) 66
2.3.1.3 StrongElectrostaticAdsorption(SEA) 70
2.3.2 Co-precipitationMethod 74
2.3.3 Deposition–PrecipitationMethod(DP) 77
2.3.4 SACSynthesisviaIonExchange 80
2.3.5 Sol–GelSolventVaporizationSelf-AssemblyMethod 82
2.4 PhotochemicalMethods 83
2.5 Electro-chemicalMethods 85
2.6 Top-DownMethods 87
2.7 OtherMethods 90
2.8 Conclusions 92
Acknowledgments 93
References 93
3 PreparationofSupportedMetalSingle-AtomCatalystson
CarbonSupports 101
CamilaRivera-CárcamoandPhilippeSerp
3.1 Introduction 101
3.2 AtomicLayerDeposition(ALD) 102
3.3 Solution-PhaseSyntheses 105
3.3.1 Impregnation 105
3.3.2 Low-TemperatureTechniques 109
3.4 Sputtering 111
3.5 Top-DownMethods 114
3.6 PyrolysisMethods 117
3.6.1 MOF-DerivedSACs 118
3.6.2 TemplateSacrificialApproach 121
3.6.3 OtherSources 124
3.7 Polymerization 127
3.8 OtherMethods 130
3.9 Conclusion 133
Acknowledgments 135
References 135
4 Single-MetalAlloys 145
JianyuHan,JunjuMu,andFengWang
4.1 Introduction 145
4.2 DilutedSingle-AtomAlloyCatalysts 146
4.2.1 SynthesisofDilutedSingle-AtomAlloyCatalysts 146
Contents vii
4.2.2 CharacterizationsofDilutedSingle-AtomAlloyCatalysts 148
4.2.3 CatalyticPerformancesofDilutedSingle-AtomAlloyCatalysts 149
4.3 Single-AtomDopingAlloyCatalysts 150
4.3.1 SynthesisofSingle-AtomDopingAlloyCatalysts 150
4.3.2 CharacterizationsofSingle-AtomDopingCatalysts 152
4.3.3 CatalyticApplicationsofSingle-AtomDopingAlloys 153
4.4 DiatomicAlloyCatalysts 153
4.4.1 SynthesisofDiatomicAlloyCatalysts 153
4.4.2 CharacterizationsofDiatomicAlloyCatalysts 155
4.4.3 CatalyticApplicationsofDiatomicAlloys 156
4.5 MachineLearning-GuidedSingle-AtomAlloyCatalystDesign 157
4.6 Perspectives 159
References 161
5 CharacterizationofSupportedMetalSingle-Atom
Catalysts 169
LeiZhang,KieranDoyle-Davis,andXueliangSun
5.1 Introduction 169
5.2 MorphologyCharacterization 170
5.2.1 TransmissionElectronMicroscopy(TEM) 170
5.2.1.1 IntroductionofTEM 170
5.2.1.2 TEMCharacterizationTechnique 171
5.2.1.3 CharacterizationofTypicalSACs 171
5.2.2 ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy(STM) 175
5.2.2.1 IntroductionofSTM 175
5.2.2.2 STMCharacterizationofSACs 176
5.3 StructureCharacterization 177
5.3.1 SynchrotronRadiationX-ray 177
5.3.1.1 FundamentalsofSynchrotronRadiationX-ray 177
5.3.1.2 XANES 177
5.3.1.3 EXAFS 179
5.3.1.4 InsituXASStudyonStructuralEvolutionDuringCatalytic
Reaction 182
5.3.2 Infrared(IR)Spectroscopy 183
5.3.3 MössbauerSpectroscopy 186
5.3.4 X-rayPhotoelectronSpectroscopy(XPS) 187
5.3.5 Solid-StateNuclearMagneticResonance 189
5.3.6 ElectronParamagneticResonance(EPR) 190
5.3.7 Photoluminescence 190
5.4 LoadingAmountCharacterization 191
5.4.1 InductivelyCoupledPlasmaAtomicEmissionSpectrometry 191
5.4.2 ThermogravimetricAnalysis 192
5.5 SummariesandOutlook 192
References 193
viii Contents
6 Insitu/OperandoTechniquesforCharacterizationofSupported
MetalSingle-AtomCatalysts 199
AlbertoCasu,SamyOuld-Chikh,GavinMountjoy,AnnaCorrias,
andAndreaFalqui
6.1 Introduction 199
6.2 Insitu/OperandoXAS 200
6.2.1 Method 200
6.2.2 X-rayAbsorptionNear-EdgeStructure(XANES) 201
6.2.3 ExtendedX-rayAbsorptionFineStructure(EXAFS) 202
6.2.4 Insitu/OperandoXASofSACsConsistingofTransitionMetals
inPeriod3 203
6.2.5 Insitu/OperandoXASofSACsConsistingofPreciousMetals
inPeriod4 205
6.2.6 Insitu/OperandoXASofSACsConsistingofPlatinumonOxide
Supports 206
6.2.7 Insitu/OperandoXASofSACsConsistingofPlatinumonNon-oxide
Supports 208
6.2.8 Insitu/OperandoXASofSACsConsistingofPreciousMetalsinPeriod5
OtherthanPlatinum 209
6.2.9 Insitu/OperandoXASofOtherAtomsinSACsandFurtherStudies 210
6.3 OtherInsitu/OperandoSpectroscopies:IR,UV–visandMössbauer
Spectroscopies,andXPS 210
6.3.1 Methods 210
6.3.2 Insitu/OperandoIRSpectroscopyofSACsConsistingofPlatinum 212
6.3.3 Insitu/OperandoIRSpectroscopyofSACsConsistingofMetalAtoms
OtherthanPlatinum 215
6.3.4 Insitu/OperandoUV–visandMössbauerSpectroscopy,andXPSof
SACs 216
6.4 Insitu/OperandoElectronMicroscopy 218
6.4.1 StateoftheArt 218
6.4.2 InsituImagingDuringtheSynthesisofSACs 221
6.4.3 InsituObservationofCatalysisReactionsatSingleAtomsin
Motion 226
6.5 SummaryandConclusions 232
References 234
7 ContributionofTheoreticalCalculationstoSupportedMetal
Single-AtomCatalysis 241
JavierNavarro-Ruiz,RomualdPoteau,IannC.Gerber,andIkerdelRosal
7.1 Introduction 241
7.2 Carbon-BasedSupportModels 242
7.2.1 AnchoringSitesonCarbonMaterials 243
7.2.1.1 SAs-Fullerene 243
7.2.1.2 SAs-CNT 244
7.2.1.3 SAs-Graphene 245
Contents ix
7.2.2 PhysicochemicalPropertiesoftheSAsuponAnchorage 248
7.2.2.1 Platinum 249
7.2.2.2 Palladium 250
7.2.2.3 OtherTMs 251
7.3 HydrogenSpillover 252
7.3.1 HydrogenAdsorptionandDissociationontheMetalCatalyst 253
7.3.2 HydrogenMigrationfromtheMetalCatalysttotheSupport 256
7.3.3 HydrogenDiffusionontheSupport 258
7.4 MechanisticStudiesonC-SACs 260
7.4.1 Thermocatalysis 261
7.4.1.1 C–HActivation 261
7.4.1.2 Hydrogenation 263
7.4.1.3 CO Hydrogenation 263
2
7.4.1.4 COOxidation 264
7.4.1.5 OtherReactions 266
7.4.2 Electrocatalysis 266
7.4.2.1 WaterSplitting 266
7.4.2.2 OxygenReductionReaction 269
7.4.2.3 CarbonDioxideReductionReaction 271
7.4.2.4 OtherReactions 273
7.5 OxideSupportModels 273
7.5.1 AluminumOxide 274
7.5.2 CobaltOxides 279
7.5.3 CeriumOxide 281
7.5.4 MagnesiumOxides 290
7.5.5 TitaniumDioxide 294
7.5.6 ZirconiumOxide 302
7.5.7 ZincOxide 306
7.6 Conclusions 307
Acknowledgements 307
References 307
8 SupportedMetalSingleAtomThermocatalystsforSelective
Hydrogenation 339
EvaCastillejos,AnaB.Dongil,InmaculadaRodríguez-Ramos,
andAntonioGuerrero-Ruiz
8.1 Introduction 339
8.2 HydrogenationReactionsCatalyzedbySingle-AtomSupportedon
CarbonMaterials 342
8.2.1 Noble-MetalSingle-AtomCatalysts 344
8.2.2 Non-NobleMetalSingle-AtomCatalysts 348
8.3 HydrogenationReactionsCatalyzedbySACsSupportedonUnreducible
MetalOxides 352
8.4 HydrogenationReactionsCatalyzedbySACsSupportedonReducible
MetalOxideCeO andTiO 360
2 2
x Contents
8.5 HydrogenationReactionsCatalyzedbySACsSupportedonMetallic
Surfaces 367
8.6 SummaryandConclusions 369
Acknowledgments 370
References 371
9 SupportedMetalSingle-AtomThermocatalystsforOxidation
Reactions 377
LaurentPiccolo,StéphaneLoridant,andPhillipChristopher
9.1 Introduction 377
9.2 Oxide-SupportedSingle-AtomCatalysts 378
9.2.1 COOxidation 379
9.2.1.1 PGMonAlumina 379
9.2.1.2 PGMonIronOxide 382
9.2.1.3 NobleMetalsonTitania 383
9.2.1.4 LateTransitionMetalsonCeria 386
9.2.1.5 OtherCatalysts 390
9.2.1.6 Discussion 391
9.2.2 PreferentialCOOxidationinHydrogen(PROX) 393
9.2.3 Water–GasShiftReaction(WGSR) 394
9.2.4 TotalOxidationofHydrocarbons 397
9.2.5 SelectiveOxidationReactions 398
9.2.5.1 EarlyTransitionMetalsonOxides 398
9.2.5.2 LateTransitionMetalsonOxides 399
9.3 Single-AtomCatalystsSupportedonCarbonandOtherMaterials 401
9.3.1 CarbonandNitrogen-HostedSAC 401
9.3.1.1 SelectiveOxidationofAlcohols 402
9.3.1.2 SelectiveOxidationofHydrocarbons 402
9.3.1.3 OtherReactions 403
9.3.2 Single-AtomAlloyCatalysts 404
9.4 SummaryandConclusions 404
References 406
10 SupportedMetalSingle-AtomThermocatalystsforthe
ActivationofSmallMolecules 425
MarcosG.Farpón,WilsonHenao,andGonzaloPrieto
10.1 Introduction 425
10.2 MethaneConversiononSingle-AtomCatalysts 426
10.2.1 MethaneActivation:MechanisticConsiderations 428
10.2.2 MethaneConversiononSingle-AtomCatalysts:StateoftheArtand
ChallengesAhead 431
10.2.2.1 OxidativeRoutes 431
10.2.2.2 Non-oxidativeRoutes 435
10.3 CO ConversiononSingle-AtomCatalysts 439
2
Contents xi
10.3.1 CO Activation:MechanisticConsiderations 440
2
10.3.2 CO HydrogenationonSingle-AtomCatalysts:StateoftheArt,
2
Advantages,andLimitations 442
10.4 COConversiononSingle-AtomCatalysts 446
10.4.1 COActivation:FundamentalConsiderations 447
10.4.2 Water–Gas-ShiftReaction 449
10.4.3 COOxidation 451
10.4.4 OtherCOConversionCatalysiswithSACs 455
10.5 ActivationandSelectiveConversionofOtherSmallMoleculeswith
SACs 456
10.6 ConcludingRemarks 459
Acronym 460
References 461
11 SupportedMetalSingleAtomThermocatalystsforC—C,C—Si,
andC—BBond–Forming(Coupling)ReactionsandBiomedical
Applications 473
RossellaGreco,MartaMon,andAntonioLeyva–Pérez
11.1 Introduction 473
11.1.1 ChronologyofSingle-AtomCatalysts 473
11.1.2 UseofSACsinReactionsofInterestforOrganicSynthesisand
BiomedicalApplications 476
11.2 Carbon–CarbonCross-CouplingReactions 478
11.3 HydrosilylationandHydroborationReactions 487
11.3.1 HydrosilylationReactions 487
11.3.2 HydroborationReactions 490
11.4 BiomedicalApplications 492
11.5 SummaryandConclusions 495
References 496
12 SupportedMetalSingle-AtomThermo-Catalysts
forReformingReactions 503
Xuan-HuynhPhamandDoanPhamMinh
12.1 Introduction 503
12.2 SupportedMetalSingleAtomsforMethaneReforming 505
12.2.1 Noble-MetalSingle-AtomCatalystsforMethaneReforming 506
12.2.2 Ni-BasedSingle-AtomCatalystsforMethaneReforming 511
12.2.3 SynergyBetweenNobleandTransitionMetalsinSACs 515
12.3 SupportedMetalSingleAtomsforHydrocarbonReforming 517
12.4 SupportedMetalSingleAtomsforAqueous-PhaseReformingof
Alcohols 522
12.5 ConclusionsandOutlook 527
Acknowledgments 528
References 528