Superdense QCD Matter and Compact Stars: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Superdense QCD Matter and Compact Stars, Yerevan, Armenia, ... II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry)

427 Pages·2006·5.55 MB·English

by  David Blaschke

Superdense QCD Matter and Compact Stars
NATO Science Series
A Series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science
Programme.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic
Publishers) in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Sub-Series
I. Life and Behavioural Sciences IOS Press
II. Mathematics,Physics and Chemistry Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers)
III.Computer and Systems Science IOS Press
IV.Earth and Environmental Sciences Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers)
The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly as the NATO ASI Series.
The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between scientists of
countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.The types of scientific meeting generally supported
are “Advanced Study Institutes”and “Advanced Research Workshops”, and the NATO Science Series
collects together the results of these meetings.The meetings are co-organized by scientists from
,
NATO countries and scientists from NATOs Partner countries – countries of the CIS and Central and
Eastern Europe.
Advanced Study Institutes are high-level tutorial courses offering in-depth study of latest advances
in a field.
Advanced Research Workshops are expert meetings aimed at critical assessment of a field, and
identification of directions for future action.
As a consequence of the restructuring of the NATO Science Programme in 1999, the NATO Science
Series was re-organized to the four sub-series noted above. Please consult the following web sites for
information on previous volumes published in the Series.
http://www.nato.int/science
http://www.springeronline.com
http://www.iospress.nl
Series II:Mathematics,Physics and Chemistry – Vol.197
Superdense QCD Matter
and Compact Stars
edited by
David Blaschke
Rostock University,
Germany and
JINR Dubna,
Russia
and
David Sedrakian
Yerevan State University,
Armenia
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshiop on
Superdense QCD Matter and Compact Stars
Yerevan, Armenia
27 September - 4 October 2003
A C.I.P.Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-3429-6 (PB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3429-9 (PB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-3428-8 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-3430-X (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3428-2 (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3430-5 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O.Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springeronline.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2006 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any
material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a
computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Printed in the Netherlands.
This book is dedicated
to the memory of
Victor Ambartsumyan
and Gurgen Sahakian
who pioneered the field
of superdense matter
and compact stars in
Armenia.
Contents
Foreword xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Part I Compact Stars
Dynamic stability of compact stars 3
G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan
1 Introduction 3
2 Early development of the theory of compact stars: 1931-1965 4
3 Criteria of hydrodynamic stability 7
4 Energetic method 11
5 Search of quark stars 16
6 Summary 19
Acknowledgments 19
References 20
Constraints on Superdense Matter from X-ray Binaries 23
M. Coleman Miller
1 Introduction and Overview 23
2 Overview of Neutron Star X-ray Binaries 25
3 Radial Velocity Measurements 31
4 Spectral Line Profiles 35
5 Light Curve Profiles 37
6 Orbital Frequencies 37
7 Summary 40
Acknowledgments 41
References 41
Postglitch Relaxations of Angular Velocity of Pulsars 43
David M. Sedrakian and M. V. Hayrapetyan
1 Introduction 43
2 Relaxation solutions 46
vii
viii SUPERDENSE QCD MATTER AND COMPACT STARS
3 Discussion 48
References 50
Isolated neutron stars:An astrophysical perspective 53
Sergei Popov, and Roberto Turolla
1 Introduction 53
2 What’s new 55
3 Discussion 61
4 Conclusion. What do we – astrophysicists – want from QCD
theorists? 68
Acknowledgments 69
References 69
Part II Superdense QCD Matter
Clusters and Condensates in the Nuclear Matter Equation of State 75
Gerd Ro¨pke,Alexander Grigo, Kohsuke Sumiyoshi, and Hong Shen
1 Introduction 75
2 Ideal Mixture of Different Components 77
3 Relativistic mean field theory 80
4 Medium modifications of two-particle correlations 82
5 Medium modification of higher clusters 86
6 Comparison with the concept of excluded volume 88
7 Isospinsinglet(pn)andtriplet(nn,pp)pairinginnuclearmatter 88
8 Alphaclustercondensationinthresholdstatesofself-conjugate
4n nuclei 89
9 Conclusions 90
References 91
Nuclear equation of state and the structure of neutron stars 93
A.E.L. Dieperink, D. Van Neck Y. Dewulf, and V. Rodin
1 Introduction 93
2 Equation of state and symmetry energy 94
3 How well do we know the symmetry energy? 96
4 Empirical information on the SE 102
5 Constraints on EoS from neutron stars 109
Acknowledgments 110
References 110
Neutron Star Structure with Hyperons and Quarks 113
M. Baldo, F. Burgio, and H.-J. Schulze
1 Brueckner theory 113
2 Three-body forces 115
3 EOS of nuclear matter from different TBF 118
4 Neutron star structure 120
5 Hyperons in nuclear matter 122
Contents ix
6 Quark matter 127
7 Conclusions 131
References 132
The QCD equation of state
and quark star properties 135
A. Peshier, B. Ka¨mpfer, and G. Soff
1 Introduction 135
2 Resummation and quasiparticle models 136
3 Implications for quark stars 143
References 146
Effective Lagrangiansfor QCD: Duality and Exact Results 147
Francesco Sannino
1 Effective Lagrangians for QCD 147
2 Color Flavor Locked Phase 149
3 Duality made transparent in QCD 150
4 2 SC General Features and Effective Lagrangian 156
5 NonPerturbativeExactResults: Anomaly MatchingConditions161
Acknowledgments 162
References 162
Color superconductivity and high density effective theory 165
Deog Ki Hong
1 Introduction 165
2 High Density Effective Theory 166
3 More on matching 171
4 Color superconductivity in dense QCD 172
5 Quark matter under stress 175
6 Positivity of HDET 177
References 183
Color superconducting quark matter and the interior of neutron stars 187
Micaela Oertel, and Michael Buballa
1 Introduction 187
2 The scalar color antitriplet condensate 188
3 Spin-1 condensate for a two-flavorsystem 189
4 Neutral quark matter 194
5 Compact stars with a color superconducting quark matter core 201
Acknowledgments 205
References 205
Superconductivity with deformed Fermi surfaces and compact stars 209
Armen Sedrakian
x SUPERDENSE QCD MATTER AND COMPACT STARS
1 Introduction 209
2 Homogeneous superconducting state 210
3 Superconducting phases with broken space symmetries 213
4 Flavor asymmetric quark condensates 219
5 Concluding remarks 221
Acknowledgments 222
References 223
Neutral Dense Quark Matter 225
Mei Huang and Igor Shovkovy
1 Introduction 225
2 Local charge neutrality: homogeneous phase 226
3 Global charge neutrality: mixed phase 234
4 Conclusion 238
References 238
Possibility of color magnetic superconductivity 241
Toshitaka Tatsumi, Tomoyuki Maruyama, and Eiji Nakano
1 Introduction 241
2 What is ferromagnetism in quark matter? 243
3 Color magnetic superconductivity 248
4 Chiral symmetry and magnetism 253
5 Summary and Concluding remarks 258
Acknowledgments 260
References 260
Magnetic Fields of Compact Stars with Superconducting Quark Cores 263
David M. Sedrakian, David Blaschke, and Karen M. Shahabasyan
1 Introduction 263
2 Free Energy 265
3 Ginzburg-Landau equations 267
4 Vortex Structure 269
5 Solution of Ginzburg-Landau Equations 271
6 The Magnetic Field Components 273
7 Summary 275
Acknowledgments 275
References 275
Thermal Color-superconducting Fluctuations in Dense
Quark Matter 277
D.N. Voskresensky
1 Introduction 277
2 Physics of pairing fluctuations 279
3 Thermodynamical potential and its mean field solution 280
4 Fluctuations of gap in self-consistent Hartree approximation 281
5 Contribution of fluctuations of gap to specific heat below T 283
c