Sunflower : chemistry, production, processing, and utilization

731 Pages·2015·8.334 MB·English

by  Dunford, Nurhan Turgut, Martínez Force, Enrique, Salas, Joaquin J

Sunflower
Chemistry, Production,
Processing, and Utilization
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Sunflower
Chemistry, Production,
Processing, and Utilization

Editors
Enrique Martínez-Force
Nurhan Turgut Dunford
Joaquín J. Salas
Urbana, Illinois
AOCS Mission Statement
AOCS advances the science and technology of oils, fats, surfactants and related materials,
enriching the lives of people everywhere.
AOCS Books and Special Publications Committee
W. Byrdwell, Chairperson, USDA, ARS, BHNRC, FCMDL, Beltsville, Maryland
N.T. Dunford, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma
D.G. Hayes, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
V. Huang, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
G. Knothe, USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, Illinois
D.R. Kodali, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
G.R. List, USDA, NCAUR-Retired, Consulting, Peoria, Illinois
R. Moreau, USDA, ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
W. Warren Schmidt, Surfactant Consultant, Cincinnati, Ohio
P. White, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
N. Widlak, ADM Cocoa, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
R. Wilson, Oilseeds & Biosciences Consulting, Raleigh, North Carolina
Copyright © 2015 by AOCS Press, Urbana, IL 61802. All rights reserved. No part of this book
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission
of the publisher.
ISBN 978-1-893997-94-3 (print)
ISBN 978-1-630670-62-7 (.epub)
ISBN 978-1-630670-63-4 (.mobi)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sunflower : chemistry, production, processing, and utilization / editors, Enrique Martínez
Force, Nurhan Turgut Dunford, Joaquín J. Salas.
pages cm
ISBN 978-1-893997-94-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-63067-062-7 (.epub)
— ISBN 978-1-63067-063-4 (.mobi) 1. Sunflowers. 2. Sunflower seed oil. I. Martínez
Force, Enrique.
SB299.S9S855 2015
635.9'3399—dc23
2014047012
Printed in the United States of America
19 18 17 16 15 5 4 3 2 1
The paper used in this book is acid-free, and falls within the guidelines established to ensure
permanence and durability.
www.aocs.org
Contents
Preface ix
About the Editors xi
Contributors xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
chapter 1 1
Breeding and Genetics of Sunflower
Siniša Jocić, Dragana Miladinović, and Yalcin Kaya
chapter 2 27
Mutagenesis in Sunflower
Andrés Zambelli, Alberto León, and Rafael Garcés
chapter 3 53
Sunflower Crop Physiology and Agronomy
C. Alberio, N.G. Izquierdo, and L.A.N. Aguirrezábal
chapter 4 93
Sunflower Diseases
Samuel G. Markell, Robert M. Harveson, Charles C. Block, and Thomas J. Gulya
chapter 5 129
Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)
José M. Fernández-Martinez, Begoña Pérez-Vich, and Leonardo Velasco
chapter 6 157
Sunflower Insect Pests
Jarrad R. Prasifka
chapter 7 175
Sunflower Bird Pests
George M. Linz and James J. Hanzel
chapter 8 187
Sunflower Seed Preparation and Oil Extraction
Etienne Le Clef and Timothy Kemper
v
vi ■ Contents
chapter 9 227
Oil Refining
Albert Dijkstra
chapter 10 259
Sunflower Oil and Lipids Biosynthesis
Monica Venegas-Calerón, Manuel A. Troncoso-Ponce, and Enrique Martínez-Force
chapter 11 297
Sunflower Oil Minor Constituents
Leonardo Velasco and M. Victoria Ruiz-Méndez
chapter 12 331
Sunflower Proteins
Sergio González-Pérez
chapter 13 395
Utilization of Sunflower Proteins
Justo Pedroche
chapter 14 441
Food Uses of Sunflower Oils
Joaquín J. Salas, Miguel A. Bootello, and Rafael Garcés
chapter 15 465
Oxidative Stability of Sunflower Seed Oil
Nurhan Turgut Dunford
chapter 16 491
U.S. and Canada Perspectives on Sunflower Production and Processing
Larry Kleingartner
chapter 17 517
South America Perspectives on Sunflower Production and Processing
Carlos E. Feoli and Jorge Ingaramo
chapter 18 555
Sunflower Production in the European Union
Leonardo Velasco, José M. Fernández-Martínez, and Juan Fernández
Contents ■  vii
chapter 19 575
Eastern Europe Perspectives on Sunflower Production and Processing
Yalcin Kaya, Igor Balalic, and Vladimir Milic
chapter 20 639
Asia and Australia Perspectives on Sunflower Production and Processing
Lucky Inturrisi
Index 655
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Preface
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops, and its oil is now the fourth
vegetable oil by volume of production in the world after palm, soybean, and rapeseed
oils. Sunflower oil production reached 15.29 million metric tons in 2014, accounting
for about one-tenth of the total world oil supply. The four largest producers of sun-
flower seeds (Ukraine, European Union, Russia, and Argentina) account for 76% of
global production, which has grown exponentially in the Black Sea region in the last
10 years, with increased acreage and higher yields achieved by replacing old varieties
with improved hybrid seeds. Sunflower oil has a high a-tocopherol content (vita-
min E) and other health-beneficial components, such as folic acid or selenium, so it is
consumed all over the world and recognized as natural, healthy oil.
Although the global market is smaller for sunflower oil than for other oils such
as palm or soybean, the demand for sunflower oil is steadily increasing due to several
new types of sunflower oils that are now available for consumers. They are mid-oleic,
high oleic, or high stearic lines that provide oils with improved properties of stability
that could be healthy substitutes for hydrogenated fat in the future.
The AOCS Monograph Series on Oilseeds is an encyclopedic view of the best
information on the oilseed field. This monograph, Sunflower: Chemistry, Production,
Processing, and Utilization, is a new addition to the Monograph Series that includes
volumes on soybean, canola, olive, gourmet, and specialty oils. This comprehensive
reference book delivers key information on all aspects of sunflower. The book con-
tains 20 chapters and provides an extensive review of the latest developments in sun-
flower genetics, breeding, processing, quality, and utilization, including food, energy,
and industrial applications of bioproducts. Production and processing aspects of sun-
flower, as well as international and U.S. practices, are also reviewed.
The contributing authors of the book come from the United States, Europe, and
Asia and are internationally renowned experts in their fields. All authors are currently
involved in some aspects of sunflower research or in the sunflower industry and seed
companies. This book is a reference source for scientists, students, governments, and
industry personnel interested in the recent developments and future opportunities in
sunflower production, procesasing, and utilization.
As in previous monographs of this AOCS Oilseed Series, most of the chapters in
this book are presented in a standalone manner without the need to make reference
to other chapters in the book, thus allowing the contributors to provide comprehen-
sive reviews of their fields of expertise. The editors have made every effort to select
contributors who are internationally recognized as experts in their fields in order to
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