Table Of ContentSunbelt Rising
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POLITICSANDCULTUREINMODERNAMERICA
SeriesEditors:MargotCanaday,GlendaGilmore,MichaelKazin,
andThomasJ.Sugrue
Volumesintheseriesnarrateandanalyzepoliticalandsocialchange
inthebroadestdimensionsfrom1865tothepresent,includingideas
aboutthewayspeoplehavesoughtandwieldedpowerinthepublic
sphereandthelanguageandinstitutionsofpoliticsatalllevels—
local,national,andtransnational.Theseriesismotivatedbyadesire
toreversethefragmentationofmodernU.S.historyandto
encouragesyntheticperspectivesonsocialmovementsandthe
state,ongender,race,andlabor,andonintellectualhistoryand
popularculture.
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Sunbelt Rising
The Politics of Place, Space, and Region
Edited by
Michelle Nickerson Darren Dochuk
and
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia
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PublishedinCooperationwiththeWilliamP.ClementsCenterfor
SouthwestStudies,SouthernMethodistUniversity
Copyright(cid:2)2011UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress
Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsusedforpurposesof
revieworscholarlycitation,noneofthisbookmaybereproducedin
anyformbyanymeanswithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.
Publishedby
UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress
Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104-4112
www.upenn.edu/pennpress
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Sunbeltrising:thepoliticsofplace,space,andregion/editedby
MichelleNickersonandDarrenDochuk.
p. cm.—(PoliticsandcultureinmodernAmerica)
‘‘PublishedinCooperationwiththeWilliamP.ClementsCenterfor
SouthwestStudies,SouthernMethodistUniversity.’’
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-8122-4309-3(hardcover:alk.paper)
1.SunbeltStates—Politicsandgovernment—20thcentury.
2.Politicalculture—SubesltStates. 3.Regionalism—SunbeltStates.
4.SunbeltStates—Economicconditions—20thcentury. 5.Sunbelt
States—Racerelations—Politicalaspects—History—20thcentury.
I.Nickerson,MichelleM. II.Dochuk,Darren. III.WilliamP.Clements
CenterforSouthwestStudies. IV.Series:Politicsandculturein
modernAmerica.
F787.S85 2011
979—dc22 2010039358
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Contents
Introduction 1
I. ConstructingRegion
1 SunbeltBoosterism:IndustrialRecruitment,Economic
Development,andGrowthPoliticsintheDeveloping
Sunbelt 31
ElizabethTandyShermer
2 StromThurmond’sSunbelt:RethinkingRegionalPoliticsand
theRiseoftheRight 58
JosephCrespino
3 BigGovernmentandFamilyValues:PoliticalCultureinthe
MetropolitanSunbelt 82
MatthewD.Lassiter
4 ReligionandPoliticalBehaviorintheSunbelt 110
LymanA.KellstedtandJamesL.Guth
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vi Contents
II. CivilRightsintheSunbelt
5 FromtheSouthwesttotheNation:InterracialCivilRights
ActivisminLosAngeles 141
ShanaBernstein
6 SunbeltCivilRights:UrbanRenewalandtheFolliesof
DesegregationinGreaterMiami 164
N.D.B.Connolly
7 RacialLiberalismandtheRiseoftheSunbeltWest:TheDefeat
ofFairHousingonthe1964CaliforniaBallot 188
DanielMartinezHoSang
III. ContingentPlaces
8 SunbeltLock-Up:WheretheSuburbsMettheSuper-Max 217
VolkerJanssen
9 SunbeltImperialism:Boosters,Navajos,andEnergy
DevelopmentintheMetropolitanSouthwest 240
AndrewNeedham
10 RealEstateandRace:ImaginingtheSecondCircuitofCapital
inSunbeltCities 265
CarlAbbott
IV. TheGlobalSunbelt
11 TheMarketplaceMissionsofS.TruettCathyandChick-fil-A 293
DarrenE.Grem
12 TortillaPolitics:MexicanFood,Globalization,andthe
Sunbelt 316
LareshJayasanker
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Contents vii
13 LatinosintheSunbelt:PoliticalImplicationsofDemographic
Change 335
SylviaManzano
Notes 361
ListofContributors 447
Index 449
Acknowledgments 469
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Introduction
One week before the 1976 presidential election, evangelicals gathered in
Dallas,Texas,fortheNationalPrayerCongresssponsoredbyCampusCru-
sade for Christ. Thirty-two pastors, lay leaders, Christian celebrities, and
housewifeactivistsgavewarmlyreceivedtalksondifferentfacetsofprayer,
but two Texans with California ties stood out. Fifteen years earlier, the
Reverends E. V. Hill and W. A. Criswell could not have shared the same
stage; the former black radical and founding member of the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference from Houston and the white fundamen-
talist Baptistfrom Dallas were ideological foes inthe early 1960s and stark
remindersofapolarizedSouth.Yetin1976,thetwospokepassionatelyand
inunisonaboutthevirtuesofaSunbeltSouthanditsspiritualandpolitical
mandatetoleadthenation.
Muchashehaddonesincetheearly1970s,whenspeakingonbehalfof
Richard Nixon’s ‘‘black silent majority,’’ Hill offered a message of racial
reconciliation through changed hearts and minds. ‘‘I’m a Texan. . . . I
breath [sic] comfortably in Texas,’’ he announced, before recounting his
struggleswithpovertyanddiscriminationasachildgrowingupinaSouth
Texashamlet,hispersonalembraceofJesusandrelianceonfamilyintimes
of need, and his move to Los Angeles to guide Mount Zion Missionary
Baptist Church out of the Watts race wars of the mid-1960s. These were
testimonialsignpostsevangelicalsalreadyrecognized,but theynevertheless
allowed the famous black preacher to reiterate his parable for the nation.
Therewasnosocialwelfareinhischildhoodhometown,justalotofneigh-
borly love, he explained, no government handouts, just an abundance of
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