Table Of ContentThe Summa Theologire ranks amongth egre atesdto cumenotsfth e Christian
Churcha,n di sa landmaorfkm edievwaels tetrnh oug.hI ttp rovidtehse·
frameworfokr Catholsitcu diienss y stematthieco loagnydfo r a classical
Christipahni lophsyoa,n di sr egulacrolnys ulbtyes dc holoafra sl l faiantdh s
nonea,c roasran sge ofa cademdiics ciplThiinse psa.p erbarceki ssoufte h e
clasLastin/Eniglci sh editiofinr sptu blisbhyet dh eE ngliDsohm inicainnths e
1960asn d1 970si,nt hew akeo f tSheec onVda ticCaonu ncihla,sb een
undertakienren s ponset or egulreqaru ests from readerasn dh brarians around
the worlfodr t hee ntirsee rioef6s 1 v olumetsob em ade availabThlee again.
origitneaxlit su nchangeexdc,e foprt t hec orrectioofa n s malnlu mbeorf
typograpehrircoarls .
The origianiamol f t hiesd itiowna sn otn arrowelcyc lesiaIststi ocuaghltt. o
maketh istreas ure ofth eC hristian intellectual herittaothg eeo laovgaiialnasb le
andp hilosophoefalr lsb ackgrouinndcsl,u dtihnogsw eh o,w ithouctl aiming
tob eb elievtehresm selavpepsr,e ciaa rteel igious iwnhitceehgm rbiotdyi es
hardbitrtaetino nalainsdm who recionThgni osmea sA quinaam sa steorft hat
perennpihaill ohsyow phicfohr mst heb edrocofkE uropecainv ilisation.
Becauosfethis thee ditowrosr keudn ders peciifincs tructiotnos beianm ri nd
noto nltyh ep rofessitohneaoll ogbiuatan l,s toh eg enerraela dweirt ahn
interients hte ' reasionnC 'h ristianThiet pya.r alElnegll iasnhd La tin texts
canb eu sesdu ccessbfuyla lnyy bodwyi tahb asiknco wledgoefLa tin,w hile
thep resenocfthe e La tin texhta sa llowtheed tr anslataod resg reoeffr eedom
ina dapting Ethnegilri vsehr sifoornm odernr eadeErasc.hv olumceo ntains
ag lossoafrt ye chnitcearlma sn di sd esignetdob ec ompleitnie t steols fe rve
for privastteu doyr aac so urtseex t.
NIHIL OBST AT
KENELMUPSO STEOR, P.
EDUARDUBSO OTHO ,P.
IMPRIMI POTEST
STT HOMAASQ UINAS
JONATHAPSL EETWOOOD. P.
Prior Prwincialis AnglitS SUMMA THEOLOGIJE
die4 A ug1u9s7ti4
NIHIL OBSTAT
RODERICCU MINGD .D.
Censor
IMPRIMATUR
DAVIDN ORRIS
Vic.G en.
Westminster J8an uary 1975
_..
STT HOMASA QUINAS
SUMMA
THEOLOGIJE
Latin texantd Englishtr anslation,
IntroductionNso,t esA,p pendices
and Glossaries
INA NA UDIENCE,1 3D ecemb1e9r36 ,t oa g rourpe presenting
thDeo minicaEnd itoarnsdt hceo mbinPeudb lisohfet rhse
NewE ngliSsuhmm aH,i sH olinPeospseP auVlI w armly
welcomaendde ncouratgheeudin rd ertaAk ilnegt.tfr eorm
HisE minenCcear dinal CicognanCiar,dinal Secretoafr y
Stat6eF ,e bruary 1968, etxphrceeo snsteidni unetde roesft
theH olFy athienrt hep rogrestsh ew oofr k',w hidcho es
honoutrot heD ominican Oarnddet rh,eP ublishaenrds ,
ist obe considered dwoiutbahtso g urte atcloyn tributing
Pl& MEMORI&
tot heg rowtahn ds preoafda g enuinCaetlhyo lculiturec' ,
JOANINS andc ommunicatheidps arti culaArp ostoBlliecs siTnhge.
assurawnacesr epeaitnea d l ett5e Fre,b rua1r93y7, fro m
PP.X XIII thep resenSte cretoafrS yt atHei,s E minenCarcdinale
Villot.
DICATUM
·'
J�l: -iJ" 'l ' .. ,: '-'�·' i ';· _,:. . .•'1 �. "'
J,J ii<. A 1R'
STT HOMAASQ UINAS
SUMMA THEOLOGIJB
VOLUM E 37
JUSTICE
(2a2re. 57-62)
Latint exEtn,g litrsahn slation,
IntroductioNno,t e&s G lossary
THOMA S GILBY O.P.
CONTENTS
CAMBRIDGEU NIVERSITPYR ESS xi EditoNroitaesl
CambridNgee,wY orkM,e lbournMea,d riCda,p eT own,S ingapoSraeoP, a ulo xiiiI ntroduction
CambridUgnei versPirteys s
QUESTIO5N7· RIGHT
TheE dinburBguhi ldiCnagm,b ridCgBe2 2 RU,U K
3 Article1 .w hetherri gihstw hajtu stiicsae b out
7 Article2 . whethreirg ihsft a idrilvyi dbetwedeen natural riganhdt
Publisihnet dh eU niteSdt atoefsA mericbayC ambridUgnei versPirteys Nse,w Y ork
positirvieg ht
www.cambridge.org II Article3 . whethetrh jeu gsen tiisu namtural right
Informatioontn h itsi tlwew:w. cambridge.org/9780521393843 13 Article 4w.h ethterh rei gohfta fa thera ndo fa m astsehro ubled
especialmlaryk ed out
©TheD ominicCaonu ncaislT rustefeo rt heE ngliPsrho vinocfte h eO rdeorf P reach1e9r7s5
[ExceptLiantgit ne xotf 'DEJ UREE TJ USTITIA'] QUESTIO5N8 .J USTICE
19 Article1 .w hajtu stiicse
Thipsu blicaitsii oncn o pyrigShutb.j etcots tatuteoxrcye ption 23 Article2 . whethierti sa lwatyso waradnso ther
andt ot hep rovisioofrn esl evcaonltl ecltiicveen saignrge ements,
25 Article3 . whethietir sa v irtue
nor eproducotfia onnyp armta yt akpel acwei thout
29 Article4 . whethierti ss eateidnt hwile l
thew rittpeenr missoifoC na mbridUgnei versPirteys s.
31 Article5 .w hethiert ai gse neravli rtue
33 Article6 . whethaesar g enervailr tuieti ses sentiatlhlseya maes
Thidsi gitaplrliyn tfeidr psatp erbavcekr si2o0n0 6
everyv irtue
A catalogfuoetr h priuesbc loiricdasa v taiioflnra otbmhlB eer iLtiibsrha ry 37 Article7 . whethetrh eirsea p articulajru stice
39 Article8 . whethpearr ticujluasrtihas c ei toswn propmeart ter
ISBN-1937 8-0-521-39h3a8r4d-b3a ck 43 Article 9w.h ethierti sa bouetm otionosro nly adbeoedust
IJS,BN·-·t&-·0-�l2h -ardb1a•c3k9�3 -fl·!4," 45 Article 10. whevtihrert utmoheauens o fj ustiicsoe b jectiverleya l
� � andi mpersonal
IS1Bs�-P:N -17180.:.�,0Io---250592241 --750p -2ap9pa4ep5rr-bb2aa· cclkk 49 ArticleI Iow.wh ne thera cttihveio tfjy u stiicste or endteore achhi s
i
� ' • j 51 Article1 2w.h ethjeurs tiicste h ec hioefft hmeo ravli rtues
�f ) --,-...,- , .�\/ :�· QUESTIO5N9· INUJSTICE
1': 179��7 55 Article1 .w hethiern jusitsais cpee cviiacle
57 Article2 . whethetro d o unjustis pdeeceudlsti oara nu njust
person
59 Article3 . whethoenrecan suffeirn juswtiicleli ngly
63 Article4 . whethienrj usotifci etskin d ism ortasli n
QUESTIO6N0 .P ASSIJNUGDG MENT
67 Article1 .w hethpera ssijnugd gmenitsa na cotf j ustice
71 Article2 . whethietir sa llowable
73 Article3 . whethietmr a ybe baseodns uspicions
ix
CONTENTS
77 Artic4.l weh ethaep re rssohno ubel gidv etnh e boefnt ehfiet EDITORIANLO TES
doubt
79 Artic5.l weh ethjeru dgmensth oubel dp assed atcoc ording
writltaewns
TEXTA NDT RANSALTION
83 Artic6.l weh etihte ri s bpervyuert sedu rpoafpti oowne r
THED IFFREENCEbSe twtehePeni aannaLd e oneidnieti aornoesfl ittle
importatnhcoeua,gf hear we n otientd h per esveonltuw mhei aclhm ost
QUESTI6OIN .C OMMUATTIVAEN DD ISRTIBUTIVJEUS TICE
87 ArticIl.we h etthheerarr eet wkinods ofj usticcoemu,mt ative alwaaydso ptthLsee onrienaed Tihnepg u.n ctuhaatbsie oetnni dainedd
andids tributive sompea ssraeg-epsa rafogrrt ahpseha ekodefc learnTehsets r.a nslation
91 Artic2.l weh etehaecrsh tr iktehvsei rtmueano uisnt hsea me matcthheoesr igiintn haoelr doeftr h see ntences.
manner
95 Artic3.l weh etthhere siurb ject-misa unitftoerr omrm anifold
FOOTNOTES
99 Artic4.l weh etihneea rc ht hjeu issti dentifiwedi trhec iprocal
give-and-take Thossei gnibfiyae s du penruimobrae rrte h ree fergeinvcbeesyn S t
Thomawsi,tht heex cepotifno on1. ,w hich trope aferrastl elxietnhls i s
QUESTIO6N2 .R ESTITUTION writiTnhgo.ss ieg nailfipehda baerteiedc iatlroleryfi earlae nnedcx epsl ana
103 Artic1.l weh etrheesrti tiuastin ao cno tfc ommtuatijvues tice torrye marks.
105 Artic2.l weh etrheers towrhiahasnt g b eenta keinns ec essfoarr y
salvation
109 Artic3.l weh ethierit sn ecessatrory e storthane hasm obreeen REFERENCES
taken
Biblicala rrteeot f heVeru elngcPaeatstre i;rs etifce rteoMn icgen(PseG ,
IIIA rtic4.l weh etihiterns e cestsoma arkryees titufotirow nh ahta s
GreeFka thePrLs,L; a tiFna theTrist)ol.fesS tT homawso'rsak rse
not breeceeinv ed
abbrevaisfoa ltleo:dw s
n3 Artic5.l weh etrheserti tustihoonu blemd a dteot hoen freo m
whosmo methash ibneget na ken Summa Theologia,w ithtiotulPtea .rq tu,es tioanr,ti crleep,el .yxg;a. 7. 0,
I7I Artic6.l weh etthhererec eiivsbero utndom aker estitution Ia d2 . 2ure.4 .2 5,
121 Artic7.l weh etahneyrb eoldisybse o und SummCao tnrGaen teisCl,G .B oochka,p tee.rCg;G. u , 14.
125 Artic8.l weh ethreers titsuhtiooubnlep d r ompt ScprituimnI VL ibrSoesn tentSiaenrtuB.mo ,o dki,s tincqtuiesotino,n ,
artiscolleu,oti roq nu,a stiruenpcuell.yaIg;,I.S ent1.5,1 , ii1a ,d 3 .
128G lossary
131I ndex CopmendTihuemgo ilaCo,opm endt.h eol.
Scriptcuormaemln ta(relicetsue rpxao,s itripeoonrtetasa)J,:o bI,nJ ob;
PsalImnPs s,a; Il s.aiIanIh as,.J ;e remlinaJhme,.r; Se tM atthIenw ,
Matt.S;tJ ohInJn, o nan;E. pisotfSl tesP auel.,Ig n.I C orC.h apter,
verlescet,ai sro e quired.
PhilosophicalA rciosmtmPoeetnrHltermeneiaieas ,,r iesI:nP ermih.e;r
PostAnearliytiocsrI ,nP osAtn.la; .P hysIinPc yhss,;D. eC aleoMt u ndo,
Inde Cal;D. eG eneratioenCteo rru ptioInndee G,e ne.Ct o rr;D. eA nima,
Inde AnmiaM;eta physIincM set,a; N. ichomaEcthhiecsIa,nnE tihc.;
PoliItinc sPB,oo loc.kh ,a pletcetraio,sr equiarlefosdror, e ferences to
DionyDseiD uisv,iN nomiisnibus, Inde DiNvo.m R.e ferteoArin scteso tle
incltuhdee Bneukkmerb ering.
x
xi
EDITORIAL NOTES
Qtuestioquneosd liQuboedtla., INTRODUCTION
Main titlesa rgei vefonr o thewro rks.
K=P.K riigered,i toorf t heC orpuJusr iCsi "vBierlilisnV,.o lI., 1 5tedh.
THOUGH CONTVIEONANL Ly regardased de votteomd o ratlh eolothgey ,
1928V.o lI.I 9,t he d1.9 15.
Sendacu Parsof t hSe ummsau rveiynfas c ta w idera ndd eepsecre nteh:e
RF=E.R icht&er E .F riedbedeirtgo,or fst hCeo rpJurisu s Canonici. 2v ols. PrimaS ecutndaa kesi nh umanh appinteshsep, s ycholoofhg uym an ac
Leipz1i9g2,2 .
tivitpya,s siaonndh, a bituaotiroing,i snianl, anmdy sttheoerf yg racael,l
ofw hicahr seu bjewchtse rteh ei nteriesns ottm ainetlhyi cawlh,i lteh e
SecundaS ecundaw,he rteh el ivionfgt h eg ooldi fiess tudiiednd etail,
treatsd irecotfml oyr alisnS, t T homass'trsi cste nsoeft het ermo,n liyn
them iddle secQtiQo 4n7,- 17T0r.u eth isc ompostehseb ulokf t he
SecundSae ndcau,w hicthh enn,o ti napproprmiaaytb eecl ayl,l aem do ral
theolYoegtyi .nh ivsi emwo ratlh eorpyr oviadfr esa meo fr eference within
thel argfieerl odf m an'nse efodr h appinaensdos fh irses ponsteoGs o d
whoi sp resent everiynwt hheewr oer ladn dr evealhsi msetlofaf i thi n
Chriswth,il meo raplr actsipcrei nfrgosm desirwehsi cahr per e-moarnadl
flowst oe ndwsh icahr peo st-moWrhaelt.h ecro nceipvheidl osophoirc ally
theologimcoarlallyio,tc yc upiaenas r ewah ermea na djushtsi mseblyf
deliberaantidco hno itcote hbeu sinoesfsl iviancgc ordtiorn igg rheta son;
itesn da ndo bjeicstt h ea ttainment ofh uman goodH.o1w evert heriesa
fulletrh ougmho rem ysteriloiuvsit nhgr ousghha riinnGg o d'osw nl ife.
Herise ah igheenrd a ndo bjecnta,m eltyh ed ivignoeo dw,h icihsb eyond
ther eacohft hem oravli rtutesh,o ugh onfto htet heologviicratlua ensd
the Giftosft heS pir2iT th.e saree studiientd h fires tm ains ectioonft he
SecundSae cundaQQ, 1 -46w,h icthh,e refogroees,o utsidec otnfinhese o f
moralittoay l ;e sseexrt etnhtse a mmea yb es aiodft hteh iarndd fina l main
sectioQnQ, 171-8w9h,i ccho nsidtehresc harisomfst heS piraintd
contemplation.
Foral li tcso mplexaintdsy y stematic apopfld iicsatitinocntii onon rsd er
toi soltahtpeeo inuntd edri scusstihSoen u,m miasa s ingwlheo loefw hich
nop arcant bep ropearplpyr eciaaptaerfdtr otmh et ottahle oloAglyla. r e
unifieidna discouwrhsiec phr oceefrdosm thep rinciopflC ehsr istian
Revelatiaonndu setsh roughaoc uotn sisatnedcn otm mopnh iloso3Ip th y.
isc entreodn G od,b utc onfesseidtil sty h ougahntdt alakb ouGto d,a nd
sot heriesn oo bjectitoocn a lliintag n thropoltohgeioclaolog rye ,v en,
wheni te xtentdohs u man affairthse,o logainctahlr opolSougcyhi. st' h e
1cfV ol1.8o fth iss erieesd,.T .G ilby,A ppendic3e,sP laciMngo raGlo od5;,
TheSub ordinoaftM ioorna; l sP6h,i oplohsicaanldT heologicaMlo rals7;,M oraals nd
Religion
8Ia26re2.I,& 2;6 8, 2,&I ,8 .2 1l28reI .,5
8VoIlo .fth iss eries,T .eG di.l byA,p pendi4x,T empoefrt hSeum ma
•cfI aI. , 32,4, ,7 & 8
xii xiii
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
continuoifSt tyT homast'hso ughtth aitit sim posstiobd lrea awl inweh ere outsiduesr athtehra bny o uorw np sycholodgiiscpaols iatinodan tsti tu1d1e s.
onee ndasn dt heo thebre ginHse.c ertainly didn otc ounbto numd ivnium Iti sp aibdy w hatw ed or aththane r byh oww efe ela,s b yt hefi rssto n
andb onuhmu manuams a lternaatinvdew sh,e nh ei str eatinogft hel atter, int hep arabsleenb ty h ifast hetro w orki nt hev ineya'rIwd i;l nlo th,e'
asi nth ep resevnotl umieti, sm oret hatnh awth icmhi ghtb ep roposbeyd answerbeudt,a fterwatrdhso ught baentdwt eenrt , wthhieol teh esro n
a purehluym animsotr aplh ilosoTphheyA .r istohtedl ies covewrietdh answer'eCde,rtainl y,s ira,n'dd idn otg o.T1h2e m easurteh,e ni,si mper
relidsihdn otfl yt oh ihse adh;e w asg ratetfuobl e g iveang round-work sonailna s ensyee,ti ti sn ots ofix ed andr igaisdn ott om atcdhi verse
anda scientifiacn dd ialetimceathlo dfo rr easonadbilsec ussainodhn e, socisailt uatiojnuss;ti icsea na nalogviaclaulpe i tchaetdv arioluesv els
sharAreids totslpei'rsoi frt e spefocrt m aterciaauls aesn do fc onfidence accordaisin tgr endewrhsa ti sd uefo rt hec ommong ooodf t hep olitical
int hepo weorf h umani ntelliignte hnewc oer l5dy ,e tth em oravli rtouefs communiUtuys tigteneriaa/ ist)o,o nep rivapteres froonm a nothUeurs titia
the Summaa rneo ts imptlhyo soeft hNei comacheEatnhic sti ncturweidt h commutatiavnad) ,ot noe p ersfroon m thep olitgircoaul(jp u stidtisitari
Christiatnaikteuynp; i nttoh en ewl ifeo fg racteh,e ayr ceh argweidt ah buti)v.a1T3h ist hreefodlidv iswiaosna dequawthee nt heS ummaw as
differeinnkc ien 6d . writtbeenfo,r teh eW elfare-wSatsae tnev isatgheodu,g nho wadaiytms a y
Inttoh ev exeqdu estioonft her elatoifos nu pernatumroarlav li rtue, seemi nsufficiiefdn its tribujtiuvseti icser estricttote hde a pportionment
virtiunsfusa ,t on aturmaolr avli rtvuier,ta ucsqu isitwae,c annnootw e nter: ofs ociaamle nitibeusr,d eannsd,p enaltiTehsem. a itnh emoeft htree atise,
enougthon otteh aittis asc loasset haotfp sycholtoopgy h ysioloorg,y , howeveirsi, n terperjsuosntiactleo w, h icthh osheo ldionffigc ea lsaor e
bettoefrh ,u man psychtooal noigmypa sly cholsoogm yu,c hs ot hat the bounda,n da ccordicnogmlmyu tatijvues tsitrciek tehsed ominannott e.
higher cbaens ntoutd iweidt holuoto kiinngtt oh ec onditioofnt sh el ower. Justinian'Rso manL awh adb eenr ecoveirnet dh e1 2thc entuarnyd,
StT homadsi dn ots hirak t ascko ngentioah li sA ristotteelmeapne r; wasa m ajoirn fluenciens hapintgh es ociaanldp olitiicnaslti tutoifto hnes
indeead n ewcomteort heS ummam ayc atchhi msewlofn deriinffog r West, seacnudle acrc lesiaSsttiT chaolm.a wso rkeidn t hec entroef a
laborisotruest chietis sa bouthte oloagtya lAld. mittetdhlesy pa ceg iven powerfmuolv emenotf l egalainsdmw asw ell-veirnsi etsad p parastou s,
at opiisct ooof tedni sproporttioio ttnsha etoel oigmipcoarlt aYnectee v.e n thati tc omeassa s urprhiosweh er elegjautreisd aiuctahlo rtiotia esm inor
thetnh seu rrountrduitnhgos fR evelaatrineoo ntfo rgottaenndt, h ey keep placeev,e inn th istr eatisoefr ight jaunsdt iHciesp. r eferweansct eog ot o
breakiinns,go metiomneu sn likely ocScoia tis siw ointtshh. de i scussions Greepkh ilosowphheynh ecan , bute vetnh ena,sh asb eeinn dicattheed ,
ont hem oravli rtuoefws h,i cthh osoenj ustfoirmc em oret hahna lf. sovereaiugtnh oriistt hyew ordo fG odd eclatrherdo utghheS criptures
Thet heologcihcaarla cotfte hrtre e atiswei lblem oree xpliicnti htle a ter andt heC hurch, seermeimnogtfrleoy m hiss peescohm etimesb,u tn ot
stageessp,e ciwahlelndy e aliwnigtr he ligoirot nh,ed uew orshoifpG od. fromh itsh ought.
Herei nt heo penisntga gtehsec onceirnst ol atyh em aterfoiuanld ations.
Itb egifrnosm th ei deoafr ighjtu,so ,fa no rderbeadl anicnthe i ngwsh ich 1128.25 11:8, IO uMatth3ew1 2,8
isa premifosrem oralaintdyl awt od evel.To hpea ppeatlo a p re-juridical 112aza:5.8 ,5 & 7;6 I,I
andb iologciocnacle ptoifao nn aturrailgh tm atchimnagl ea ndf emale
shoulbden oticedT.h1ea quailtawsh icmha ketsh inegvse bne comtehse
mattoefrj ustiwchee no urr esponsiibsii nlviotlyiv neo du ro utwardde al
ingwsi tohn ea nothTehre.l astianngd c onstwainlttl or endteore achhi s
duet,h adte finitionfr om Romanj urisprusdteanrcttehs ed iscussoino n
justicIetis. 8 t akeansa specicfiacr divniarlt uteh;em eaning isn arrower
than thaotfS criptu'rrailg hteouVsunlegsajstu'est, ti i9aa, n dn om orlei east
theh earotft heG ospetlh adno es tohflaetg a.l1i0t y
Thed ueo fj ustilcieesi na no bjectimveea sudreec idbeydt hsei tuation
•volI.,e d.T .G ilby,Ap pendix6 ,T heoloas gyS cience
'I2aa:.63 ,4 •2aza:5.7 ,3 82aza:5.8 ,1
•2aa:z.5 8,2 10cfI a2.1 ,4 .1 a2a:1.o6 ,I & 2
xiv xv
