Table Of ContentThe Summ aTh eologranksi re amontgh e greatest odftho ecC uhmreinsttisa n
Churcahn,d i sa landmaorfkm edievwaels tetrhno ughIttp. r ovitdhees
frameworfokr Catholsitcu diienss y stematthieco loagndyfo r ac lassical
Christipahni losoapnhdiy sr, egulacornlsyu lbtyes dc holoafra lsfal i thasn d
nonea,c roas rsa ngoefa cademdiics ciplTihniepssa .p erbraeciks souft eh e
clasLasitin/Enc glisehd itifionr sptu blisbhyet dh eE ngliDsohm iniciannth se
1960asn d1 970isn, twhaek eo f tSheec onVda ticCaonu ncihla,sb een
undertakienrn e spotnosr ee gurleaqru efrosmt sr eadearnsdl ibrarairanosu nd
the woforrlt dh ee ntirsee rioef6s 1 v olumteos mbaed ea vailaabglaei Thne.
origitneaxilts u nchangeexdc,e foprtt hec orrecotfia os nm alnlu mbeorf
typograpehrircoarls .
The origianiamol f th ise ditiowna sn otn arrowelcyc lesiaIststi ocuaglh.t to
maket his treoafsth ueCr her istiiannt ellehcetruiatalav gaei ltaobt lhee ologians
andp hilosopohfae lrblsa ckgrouinndcsl,u dtihnogsw eh o, witchloauitm ing
tob eb elievtehresm selavpepsr,e cair aetlei giinotuesg wrhiitcyeh m bodies
hardbirtattieonn alainsdwm h or ecogniisnThe o masA quinaam sa stoefrt hat
perennpihaill osowphhiyc fohr mst heb edroocfkE uropecainv ilisation.
Becauosfet his etdhiet woorrsk eundd ers peciifincs tructitoobn esa irnm ind
noto nltyh ep rofesstihoenoall ogbiuatan l,s toh eg enerraela dweirt ahn
interients hte' reasionCn h'r isti.Ta hneip tayralElnegll iasnhdLa tint exts
canb eu sesdu ccessbfuyla lnyy bowdiyt ahb asikcn owledogfLae t inw,h ile
thep resenocfthe e La tin texhta sa llowtehdetr anslaatd oergsr oefefr eedom
ina daptitngh eEinrg livsehr sifoornm odern readersv.o luEmaceco hn tains
agl ossaorfyt echnitcearlma sn di sd esignetdob ec ompleitnie t steols fe rve
forp rivastteu doyra sa c ourtseex t.
STT HOMASA QUINAS
SUMMA THEOLOGI£
NIHIL OBSTAT
EDUARDUS BOOTH O.P.
GIRALDUS BUCKLEY O.P.
IMPRIMI POTEST
JOANNES HISLOP O.P.
PriPorro vinAcnigalilai s
die 4 Ju liI9 i7 3
NIHIL OBSTAT
JOHN M. T. BARTON S.T.D.,L .S.S.
Censor
IMPRIMATUR
+
DAVID NORRIS
Vic.G en.
Westminste3r1J, ul1y9 73
...
� ---· -'-
ST THOMAS AQUINAS
SUMMA
THEOLOGIJE
Latitne xatn dE nglitrsahn slation,
IntroductNiootnessA,,p pendices
andG lossaries
L
•
IN AAUND IEE,N13 CD ecemb1e9r6 3t,oa grourpe pre
senttihnDego miniEcdaint oarnsdt hceo mbinPeudb lishers
oft heN ewE ngliSsuhmma , HisH olinPeospse P auVlI
warmlwye lcomaendd e ncouratgheediu rn dertakAi ng.
lettfreorm HisE minenCcaer dinCailc ognaSneic,r etary
ofS tat6eF ,e brua1r9y6 8e,x prestshecedo ntiniunetde rest
oft heH olyF atheirnt hep rogroefst sh ew ork',w hich
doehso noutrot heD ominicOarnd earn,d t heP ublishers,
andi st ob ec onsidweirtehdo duotu batsg reactolnyt ributing
tot heg rowtahn ds preoafda g enuinCealtyh ocluilct ure',
andc ommunichaitspe adr ticAuploasrt oBlliecs siTnhge.
assurawnacsre e peaitnea d l ett5e Fre,b rua1r9y7 3fr,o m
PIR. MEMORI.ll!. thep reseSnetc retoafrS yt atHei,s E minenCcaer dinal
Villot.
JOANNIS
PP.X XIII
DICATUM
,i
.
.:J ;..'..:.,. '!�·· . lt,. ,c.. , : • '.1:�.·/.f'L �tt':J·{.[. ·.:..; ,i.;:.
iBRARY
ST THOMAS A QUINA S
SUMMA THEOLOGAIE
VOLUME 36
PRUDENCE
(a2re2.4 76-)5
Latint exEtn,g listrha nslatiIonntr,o duction,
NoteAsp,p end&i Gxl ossary
THOMAS GILBY O..P
CONTENTS
xiiE ditorNioatle s
xiv Introduction
QUETSION4 7.N ATUORFEP RUDENCE
CAMBRIDGEU NIVERSITPYR ESS 5 Arti1c.l ew hethperru denicsie n t hew ilolri nt her eason
CambridgNee,wY orkM,e lbournMea,d riCda,p eT own,S ingapoSraeoP, a ulo 9 Artic2l.e if int her easownh,e thienrt hep ractirceaalso orni n
thet heoreatswi ecl l
CambridUgnei versPirteys s
11 Artic3l.e w hethietrc ank nowi ndivicdausaels
TheE dinburBguhi ldiCnagm,b ridCgBe2 2 RU,U K
15 Artic4l.e w hethietri sa virtue
Publisihnet dh eU nited SotfaA tmeesr icbayC ambridUgnei versPirteys Nse,w Y ork 17 Artic5l.e a nda s pecivailrt ue
21 Article 6. whethietar p pointthsee ndfo r them oravli rtues
www.cambridge.org
Informatioontn h itsi tlwew:w .cambridge.org/9780521393836 25 Articl7e. andfix est hej usmte anfo rt hem
27 Artic8l. ew hethietrps r opaerci ts r eachianneg ff ectdievcei sion
©TheD ominicCaonu ncaislT rustfoere t heE ngliPsrho vinocfte h eO rdeorf P reach1e9r7s4
29 Articl9.e whethseorl iciotruv dieg ilainspc aero tf p rudence
[ExceptLiantgit ne xotf ' DEP RUDENTIA'J
33 Artic1l0e.w hethperru denecxet entdost heg overnmoefnt th e
Thipsu blicaitsii oncn o pyrigShutb.j etcots tatuteoxrcye ption people
andt ot hper ovisioofrn esl evant collilceecntsiaivgnerg e ements, 35 ArticIl.Iew hethperru dence witht oor neeg'oaswr ndp se rsonal
nor eproducotfia onnyp armta yt akpel acwei thout
goodi ss pecifically atsth hea wtsh aimcerh e aches
thew rittpeenr missoifoC na mbridUgnei versPirteys s.
tot hec ommong ood
Thidsi gitaplrliyn tfeidr psatp erbavcekr si2o0n0 6 39 Artic1l2e.w hethseurb jecotrrs u,l eornsl,hy a vper udence
41 Artic1l3e.w hethietrm ayb efo undi nt hew icked
A catalogfuoetr h pirusebc loiricdasa v taiioflnra otbmhlB eer iLtiibsrha ry
45 Artic1l4e.w hethienra lulp rigpheto ple
ISBN-1937 8-0-521-39h3a8r3d-b6a ck 47 Artic1l5e.w hethietir si nbornw ithhu mann ature
��BN:::rcr ·o:s21:39383-3hardback 49 Artic1l6e.w hethietrm ayb efo rgottaennds ol ost
'
ISBN,-1937 8-0-521-02p9a4p4e-r5bk a c QUSETOIN4 8.P ARTOSFP RUDENCE
I�BN�i-0 0c5l20- 2944-p9a perback
53 Articlew.h ethtehrea p portionimnettnoht r eiesa cceptable
QUSETOIN4 9. COMPONENTOSFP RUDENCE
·-·H:.W, 3,; ?',.T \''·/ , \! < � 61 Artic1l.e m emory
65 Articl2e. insigohrit n telligence
J �'·· ' 1""1,/,;9 :16
67 Artic3l.e t eachableness
69 Artic4l.e a cumen
73 Article 5. reasonjeudd gment
75 Artic6l.e fo resight
ix
CONTENTS CONTENTS
77 Articl7e. circumspection 153 Artic3l. ew hethceurn nibnega s pecsiianl
79 Artic8l.e c aution 155 Artic4l. ec oncernignugi le
QUEST5I0.O KNI NDOSFP RUDENCE 157 Artic5l.e c heating
83 ArticIl.e w hethsetra tesmainssa hk iipn odf p rudence 159 Artic6l.e s olicitudet emapboorutathl i ngs
16I Articl7e. aboutth efu ture
87 Artic2l.e w hethtehre riesa politpircuadle nce
I63 Articl8e. thes ourocfet hesvei ces
89 Artic3l.e a nda p rudenocfde o mestmiacn agement
9I Artic4l.e a ndo fm ilitaaffrayi rs QUEST5I6.O CNOM MADNMENTOSFP RDUENCE
QUEISOTN5 I .AL LIOEFPS R UDENCE I69 ArticIl.e t hosree lattionp gr udenictes elf
I7I Articl2e. thosree lattioni gto sp posviitcee s
95 ArticIl.e w hethweerl l-advisbeeda nv eisrstu e
97 Artic2l.e a nda spevciiratldu ies tinfrcotm prudence APPDEINCES
IOI Articl3e. whethtehre rbeea v irtoufse o unpdr actjiucdaglm ent 174 1.P rudenacnedL aws
I03 Artic4l.e a ndo ft hew itt od eawli tehx cepticoansaels 178 2.P rudenacnedC asuistry
QUESOTN5I 2.G IFOTFC OUNSEL 180 3.P rudenacnedC onscience
182 4.P rudenacnedC ertainty
109 ArticIl.e w hethceoru nssehlo ulbdec ountaemdo ngt hes even
giftosf t heH olyG host 185 Glossary
I I IA rticl2e. whethietra n swetrost hev irtoufep rudence 188 Index
115 Articl3e. whethietrr e maiinnsh eaven
117 Artic4l.e w hethtehre fift h beatitBuldees,s aerdet hem erfciul,
matchtehseg ifto fc ounsel
QUEST5I3·O INM RPUDENCE
I2I ArticIl.e w hethiemrp rudebneca es in
I25 Article2 . anda s pecial sin
I29 Artic3l.e c oncerningu nduhea ste
131 Artic4l.e a ndt houghtlessness
133 Articl5e. andi nconstancy
135 Artic6l.e c oncerntihnesg o urocfet hesvei ces
QUESOTN5I 4.N EGLEINEGC
I39 ArticlIe. whethneerg ligebneac s ep ecsiianl
141 Articl2e. thev irttuoew hicihti so pposed
143 Artic3l.e w hethneerg ligebnemc oer tsailn
QUESOTN5I 5 .S HAPMR DUENCE
147 ArticIl.e w hethperru denocfte h efl esbhe a s in
149 Artic2l.e a nda m ortsailn
x xi
EDITORIANLOT ES
EDITORIANLO TES BIBLIOGRAPHY
Thomadse V ioC,a rdiCnaajle tHains.c loscoem mentoanrt yh et exotf
THEL ATtIeNxi tst haotf t heP ianead itibountt, h eL eonine ehdaist ion thepr esetrneta tisiesp rintiend the folio tehdeLi etoinoinSn uemo mfa ,
Vol8., R ome1,8 95.
beecno nsulted tharnodau fe gwh nooutte vda riathiaovnbese eand opted.
Thep unctuahtaisbo ene tni diaendds ompea ssage re-paforrat ghrea phed ThomasD emanLa, PrudencSeo.m meT heologiq2uae2,re 4.7 -56,
sakoef c learnTehsestr .a nslamtaitocnh tehseo rigipnharla bsyep hrase, 2nde d.P ari1s9,4 9. eAdni tiwohni ch alirse aad cyl asseiscp;e cially
yeatl loswosm ev ariaitnit ohnre e nderoiftn egc hnpihcraals lee,st soa void valuafobrls ee ttitnhg etr eatiisnte h eh istoorfAy r istotaenldeS atno ic
dulrle petitthiaotnno c atcthh ee chooefst hed iscourse. philosophy.
JosPeife pePrr,ud entcreR.,. & C.W inston, LoNnedwYo onr,k 1,9 59.
FOOTNOTES
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thossei gnibfiyea ds uperniuomrb earr ues ualtlhyre e feregnicveebsny
StT homaasn dtr ackeddo wnb yt heL eoninCeo mmissiwoint,th h e Thee ditiosgr r eabtelhyo ldaenndg ratefully achkinison wdleebdtgeeds
exceptoifno on.1 t oe acahr tiwchliec rhe fetrops a raltleexlit nsh iwsr it nestsoD rS tephJeonh Rne idOy.,P o.f,t heU niverosfiD tayl lwahso,d id
ingTsh.o ssei gnified alphaarebede ittiocrraeilfalelyr eanncdee xsp lanatory mucht op repatrheeL atitne xatn dg eneroumsaldyeo vear p reliminary
remarks. draofftt hetr anslwaititomhna nye xplanantootreys .
REFERENCES
Biblirceafle reanrceteo st heV ulgate; PraetrfiesrteitncocM eisg ne (PG,
GreeFka thePrLs,;L atiFna therWsh)e.n t heE nglitsiht laersew ell
knownr,e feretnotc heweso rkosfS tT homaasn dA ristaortieln eE nglish.
TitloefSs t T homasw'osr kasr aeb breviaasfot leldo ws:
SummaT heologwii<£t,h otuitt Plaer.qt u,e stiaornt,i rcelpel,ey .;g1 .a 7.0 ,
Ia d2 .2 a2re2.5 4, .
SummaC ontrGae nlteisC,G .B ookc,h aptee.rg;C. G I,I1 4.
Scpritumi nI V LibraSse ntentiaSreunmtB,.o okd,i stincqtuieosnt,i on,
artiscolleu,t oiroq nU<£,s tiuncruelpal,ey .;gI .IS e nt1.5 1,, 1 ,ii ad3 .
CompendiuTmhe ogliao,C ompentdh.e ol.
Scriptcuormamle ntar(liceetsu ree£xp,o sitiropenoerst atJao)b:I, n J ob;
PsalmIsn,P s al.I;s aiIanhI ,s .a;J eremiIanJhe,r e.m;S tM attheIwn,
Matt.St;J ohnI,nJ oann.E;p istolfe sPS atu le,. gI.n I C orC.h apter,
verslee,c taisro e quired.
Philosopchoimcmaeln tarAireiss:t oPtelreiH, e rmeneiIans P,er hiemr.;
PosterAniaolry tiIcns P,o stA.n alP.h;y sicIns P,h ys.D;e C<£loe t
MundoI,n d eC <£l;.D e GenerateitoC onrer uptiIondn eeG ,e n.e tC orr.;
DeA nmia,I n dAeni maM;e taphysIinMc est,.a ;Ni chomachEetahni cs,
InE thci.P;o litIincP so,lB .o okc,h aptleerc,ta isro e quir1e,ad l,s foor
referetnocD eiso nysiDueds i,v inNiosm inibIunsde , D iv.N om.R efer
encetsoA ristiontclleu tdheeB ekkneurm bering.
Qu<£stioqnudeolsie bt<£Q,u odl.
Fullteirt alreegs i vefonr o thewro rks.
xii xiii
INTRODUCTION
INTRDOUCTION sometimerse aidn tiomt o rdee veloipmepdl icatthiaornni ss teoxtpllei citly
intended.
Thea ppetaolA ristosthlaedo effsi nt hes econhda loff t hetr eatise,
I.T hep lacoef t het reatiinst ehe S umm a.W rittdeunr intgh ea uthor's onc ounsfreolm theS pirtihteq, u aliitineism itcoap lr udenacned,th e
secopnrdo fessoartts hheUi npi verosfiP tayr ainsd a bouttw oy earbse fore Scriptcuormmanal ds,w herhee h asr ecourtsote h et eachinogft he
his deatihn1 274i,to pentsh ed iscussoinot nhsem oravli rtiuned se tail Fatheprrsi,n cipGarlelgyo rSyt.e mmifrnogm thee thipchaill osoopfh y
whicohc cupmyo sotf t her emainodfet rh eS ecunSdeac unda!.A lreaidny thLea tin Stoictsh Ge(r teheokCuh,gr hy sipp2u0s7,B .d.Ci.,st heu nder
thePri maS ecunhdea!h adc onsidtehrmeeo dr avli rtiuneg se neraTlh.er1e lyitnhgo uguhn acknowleadugtehdo raistfo yu)n di nC icerSoe,n ecaan,d
the roofrl ieg rheta sionnh umanc onduicsst tr essaeP dl,a toensicca tpoe Macrobiaunsdn, o tu naffecbtyeP dl otinaunsd t heP seudo-Andronicus,
ani dewaolr lidsr efuseadn,d fo,l lowitnhgel eaodf A ristotthleie n,t el thes choooflC hristaisacne tiacnidsm mo nastisctirsems tsheend e eodf
ligenicsce o mmittifen do,ta ltogeetahseirtl oyt ,h es hiftwionrglo dft he beinkgri tikoofs ,d iscetrninhtgeh ougahntdsi ntentoifto hnhese ar4at n,d
occasiaonndos p portunfoirth iuemsa nv irtaunedv icHee.n owt urntso ofe xercitshiPena gu lidnieak riVsuilsg,ad tisec rettihaoe,b ilittrya iannidn g
ane xp rfoe sssot udoyft her ulivnigr tiunet hifsi elnda,m elpyr udence. tod istingbueitswhe sepni riatnsdb, e twegeono adn de vi5lT .h en otoef
Thisi sb ettcearl lperda cticwails doifm 'prudenhcaesa' m eana nd discreotrid oins criminwaatssi oounn dbeydJ ohnC assi(adn4. 3 5)b,y
grudgirnigno gr,i sw eltlr anslaas't heoddl iys cernmweintat,n, dd ecisive Bened(icd5t.4 6t)h,e fa therW eosft emrno nasticainsdwm a,sc ontinued
nesisn't hec onteoxfst a crdao cntrai.I ti sa to ncaev irtoufme i nda nda byR ichaorfSd t V ict(odr1. 7 13)I.tw asn otdimini shed byt hger owtohf
virtoufec harac2tT erru.et oh isi ntellectTuhaolmiaspsml ,a cietsf irst interiens ttS haep ienBtoioakols ft heB iblduer itnhge 1 3tche ntury.
amontgh em oravilr tuewsh,i cihnp ractiitbc ien dtso gether.3 Thel iteradtiudmr oer et hatnr ansptohsele e ssoonfSs t orieca sonable
2.T hem aisno urocfet sh ter etaisTeh.e sfea ulnl detrw oh eadinAgrsi,s totle nesisn tao C hristsieatnt iIntg .i sfrsouemd d evoumte ditatoinot nh e
andm oraliosftt hseS totirca ditiinocnl,u dpiantgr iasuttihco rities. Scriptaunrdeo sn t hed ocumenotfst heC hurcjho inteodp ractical
TheN ichomachEetahni acssa wholaen,d i np articuBloaorkV Ion t he experieonftc heefo llowionfgC hrisAtc.c ordiintgw layss trictthleyo
virtoufets h ec alculaantdid veel iberfaactiuvletw ye,r neo tkn ownt ot he logicLailk.e witsheep resetnrte atdioseems o ret hainn seArrti stotle's
scholabsetifocrste h em iddloeft he1 3tche ntuPrhyi.l tihpeC hancellor, moraplh ilosoipnhtayo C hristfriaamneo fr eferenWciet.h osuutr render
workifrnogm CicerMoa,c robiaunsd,D amascehnaed,m adea rudi ofi tpsr opeerv idenmcoersa plh ilosoipslh iyft eidn tmoo ratlh eology,
mentasrtyu doyfp ruden(1c 2e3 w0h)i cwha sd rawonn b yA lbetrhtGe r eat rathaesrw ithoduitm inutoifio tnps r opqeura liatniiemsia lst akeinn to
inh isSu mmad eB ono( 2145)A.b outth es amet imteh eL atitnr anslation ratiowniatlh tihneu nitoyft heh umano rganiosrma ,st hena turmaolr al
ofR oberGtr osseteLisntceo,l niweansiss,c ominign tcoi rculattoib oen , virtaurecesh argweidt thh em oravli rtsuheesod n u sb yg rac6Te h.e p ru
commentoendb yA lbebryt1 25w2h enT homawsa sfini shinhgi sst udies dencoeft heS ummai sn otj ustth aotft heE thicisti; st hep ractgiocoadl
undehri ma tC olognIent. h e1 26oT'hso mawsa sa tt hPea paClo urwti th sensneo,tm ereolfyc itizoeftn hse S tatbeu,to ff ellcoiwt izweintsth h e
hisfr ienadn df ellow-DomitnhiecF alne,m iHsehl lenWiisltl,i oafm sainatnsdm emberosft heho usehooflG do d7.W hilteh efi vei ntellectual
Moerbekweh,ow ast hecno mplethiinstrg a nslatoifto hneA ristotelean virtuaecsc ordtionA gr istontalmee,lw yi sdoumn,d erstansdciinegn,t ific
corpuTsh.o macso mposhise do wnc ommentoanrt yh itse xotft heE thics knowledpgreu,d enacneda, r ta,rd ei sucsseidt,i 8sa sg ifotfts h eS pirtihta t
befor1e2 69t,w oy earosr bsoe forhee a ddreshsiemds etlotf h ep resent thefi rstth reaert er eat9ae ndd,i sb yt heg ifto fC ounstehlat th ev irtoufe
systemaetxipco sitoifto hne v irtoufep rudencSeo. h ew asa lready prudenicshe e ltdo b em oscto mpletely saunpdpf oufilrlletde,md a xime
acquainwtietdhA ristottelaec'hsi Hneg w.a sm,o reovienri ,n stinctive pefirciteutjr u avtu1r0T. hea ctivoift ytg hiefi tsns o tc onfinteod tohbej ects
sympatwhiyt iht mse aninYge.th ew asn oth imseflafm ilwiiatrGh r eek, andp roceduorfee tsh iccoanld uct.
andt hLea titne xhteu sedt,h ougjhu stelsyt eemdeiddn, o tal wacyosn vey 3.T hes hapoeft hter eatTihsiefos.l lotwhsem o deolft hter eatoinsf easi th
thlei tearnadhl i storsiecnasoleft hoer igiannadla,,s i st ob ee xpected, he andh opew,h erteh eQ uestioonnt sh ceo rrespognidftiosnft g h eS pirairte
11a2re5.5 -67V.o l2.3 o fthi s serieedsW.,. D.H ughes •Hebr4e,1 w2s •1C ortihnia12n,Is O .H ebre5,w1 s4
21a2re5.7 ,4 •1a2re6.3 ,4 7pEhesi2,a1 n9 s 8ra2re5.7 ,2 -4
•1a2re6.5 ,l ;6 6,3 & 4 92a2re8.;9 ;4 5 102a25re2.,2
xiv xv
j
