Table Of ContentOpera hactenus inedita Rogeri Baconi
Fasc. XV
SUMMA GRAMATICA
MAGISTRI ROGERI BACON
NECNON
SUMULE DIALECTICES
MAGISTRI ROGERI BACON
NUNC PRIMUM EDIDIT
ROBERT STEELE
HON. D.LITT. DURHAM; CORRESPONDING
FELLOW, MEDIAEVAL ACADEMY OF
AMERICA
OXONII
E TYPOGRAPHEO CLARENDONIANO
LONDONI: APUD HUMPHREDUM MILFORD
M CM XL
250598
:
b 7 (oS
3 ^
j
boston college librae
chestnut hill, mass.
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
N. P.
M. M.
in caram memoriam
R. S.
r
i
I
CONTENTS
Introduction xi
Note on British Museum MS. Sloane 2156 xxiv
Summa GrAMATICA
De construccione 1
an construatur omne suppositum a parte ante cum
verbo ita quod exigatur 8
si est construccio inter nomen et verbum n
De figurativis locucionibus
utrum locucio figurativa sit simpliciter incongrua vel non 13
utrum sit perfecta 14
De perfeccione oracionis 17
quantum ad intellectum vel sensum 20
de distinccione inter intellectum primum vel secundum 21
De antithesi 27
‘pars est pugnare parati* 29
‘ urbem quam statuo vestra est ’ 33
quid sit primo constructibile in hac oracione 33
si sit aliqua racio excusans 35
De sinthesi vel apposicione 43
utrum apposicione posset fieri 44
de ordine eorum que apponuntur 46
an aliqua sit inproprietas in hujusmodi construccione 48
an ‘ apros animal propter convivia natum * possit
sustineri 5 2
De prolemptica construccione
‘alter in alterius jactantes lumina vultus querebant
taciti* 55
an debeat verbum repeti cum dividentibus 55
an hic sit aliqua incongruitas 56
que sit racio excusans 57
de construccione hujus participii ‘jactantes ' cum hoc
verbo ‘querebant* 60
De sylemptica construccione 64
‘ Imphytus et Peleas mecum divellimur ambo ’ 64
de construccione istorum nominativorum ‘Imphytus
et Peleas * 66
VI
quid hic sit concipiens, posito quod hic sit concepcio 66
de inproprietate istius figure 71
De zeumatica construccione 71
‘ hic illius arma hic currus fuit ’ 71
utrum verbum debeat repeti vel non 72
si sit figura, que sit inproprietas et que sit racio
excusans 72
De construccionibus inpersonalibus 74
‘ Matheum legitur, psalmos erat ante legendum’ 74
de construccione hujus verbi ‘legitur’ 74
an sit perfecta ‘ psalmos erat ante legendum ’ 78
an verbum possit inpersonari 78
an possit ‘ est ’ inpersonari 80
De gerundio
an possit gerundium reddere suppositum verbo racione
infinitivi intellecti 86
an possit reddere suppositum racione dignitatis vel
debiti intellecti in illo 89
de isto sermone ‘ sillogizantem ponendum est terminos ’ 94
De interjeccione 95
‘ proch dolor o socii ’ 95
de construccione istorum adinvicem 97
de ordinacione interjeccionis cum nomine sequente :
an exigere possit casum rectum a parte post 98
queritur a quo regatur iste nominativus 101
de oracione secunda ‘ o socii ’: de adverbiis 105
de ordinacione adverbii ad vocativum 107
an adverbium exigat vocativum 108
utrum iste vocativus ‘ magister ’ absolute ponatur vel
non 109
‘ o magister, te non legente etc.’ 109
de ablativo absoluto et de interjeccione 113
de ordinacione interjeccionis ad dativum 117
‘modio vini ad denarium, ve illi qui non habent
argentum’ 119
De ablativo absoluto: ‘ dicto de genere dicendum est
de specie’ 121
‘est dies’ 123
Vll
‘ Moris erat Persis ducibus tunc temporis omnem ducere
in arma domum’ 129
de construccione hujus dativi ‘ Persis ducibus’ 133
‘Vestes quas geritis sordida lana fuit’ 135
quid reddat suppositum hoc verbo ‘geritis’ 137
‘ Amatus sum vel fui ’ 145
quid sit suppositum 145
de ista circumlocucione 147
‘Vado Romam que est pulcra civitas ’ 150
quid sit suppositum huic verbo ‘vado’ 150
de construccione eo quod est ‘ vado ’ cum verbo
‘Romam’ 152
de duobus que supponuntur prius 156
utrum li ‘ Romam ’ sit nomen vel adverbium 157
‘Video centum homines uno minus’ 159
‘iste vixit centum annos et eo amplius’ 160
‘ in convertendo dominus captivitatem Syon ’ 160
‘idem sibi’ 161
‘ Lupus est in fabula ’ 161
* In nostro magistro habet bonum hominem ’ 162
‘ Margarita est pulcherrimus lapidum ’ 163
‘Quid nisi secrete leserunt Philide silve’ 164
‘Nominativo, hic magister’ 165
De quibusdam casibus absolute positis 166
‘virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt’ 166
‘detrahentem secreto proximo suo’ 166
‘ hunc persequebar ’ 166
‘ superbo oculo suo ’ 166
‘ conscius ipse sibi ’ 166
De apposicione mediata 167
‘ me miseram tacite quid vult sibi noctis ymago ’ 171
de numero plurali in nominibus propriis 172
‘jactamus jampridem omnis te Roma beatum ’ 173
‘ ex quo ita est quod dies est vado Romam ’ 174
‘inter canem et lupum eundum est secure’ 176
viii
‘uterque vocatum Cipiones’ 178
‘ego meorum solus sum meus* 178
De aliquibus locucionibus difficilibus 180
‘ benedicite dominus ’ 180
‘deo gracias’ 181
‘ Dominus vobiscum : et cum spiritu tuo ’ 181
‘per omnia secula seculorum, amen’ 182
‘ sequencia sancti evangelii secundum Lucam * 183
‘ ite, missa est ’ 183
‘ Pater noster qui es in coelis ’ 184
* O vos omnes qui transitis per viam’ 184
‘ in pace in id ipsum ’ 185
‘ erat autem Margareta duo de viginti annorum * 185
‘pridie kalendas Maii’ 185
‘ video Marcum id est Tullium ’ 186
ecce ego, ecce hominem 186
non ego solus solus ego sed ego sumus unus et alter 186
vespere autem sabati que lucescit 189
Sumule Dialectices
De introduccionibus 193
de proprio 199
de accidente 200
De predicabilibus : de antepredicamentis 203
De predicamentis 210
De predicamento relacionis 221
De predicamento qualitatis 226
De predicamento accionis 229
De predicamento passionis 230
De predicamento situs 230
De predicamento quando 231
De predicamento ubi 231
De predicamento habere 231
De enunciacione : de nomine 232
De verbo 237
De proposicione 240
De proposicionibus modalibus 255
De proposicionibus de vero et falso 263
IX
De supposicione 268
De appellacione 277
De copulacione 289
De sillogismo: de conversione sillogismorum 289
De figuris sillogismi 298
De sillogismis demonstrativis : de causa 303
De loco: de sillogismo dyalectico 313
De sillogismo sophistico 324
De fallacia equivocacionis 330
De fallacia amphibologie 333
De fallacia composicionis 334
De fallacia divisionis 336
De fallacia secundum accentum 342
De fallacia figure diccionis 343
De fallacia accidentis 348
De fallacia consequentis 349
De fallacia secundum quid et simpliciter 350
De fallacia ignorancie elenchi 351
De fallacia peticionis principii 353
De fallacia secundum non-causam ut causam 353
De fallacia secundum interrogaciones 354
De sillogismo peccante in materia 355
Notes and Conjectural Emendations 361
Authorities quoted 371
INTRODUCTION
T he Summa Gramatica is found in two manuscripts, P. in
Cambridge at Peterhouse College in the Codex 191 described
by the late M. R. James, the other, W. in the library, Worcester
Cathedral, numbered Q. 13. The former is in a book hand,
evidently intended to form part of a library, the latter in the
current hand of the late thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
for the use of students.
The existence of two manuscripts of diverse origin may be
esteemed fortunate, as the scribal errors of each would arise
from different causes. The errors of a stationer’s copy (since
we cannot suppose an ‘ exemplar ’) would be due to a limited
acquaintance with the subject-matter and an ignorance of its
technical terms; the errors of a student’s copy would commonly
arise from the omission of phrases of an explanatory nature
too elementary to need repetition. As a result the text here
printed has been founded on P. with numerous corrections
from W.
Thurot’s study (‘ Notices et Extraits de divers manuscrits
Latins pour servir a l’histoire des doctrines grammaticales au
Moyen Age,’ Notices et Extraits. xxii. 2, Paris, 1868) of
grammatical teaching in the Middle Ages tells us little or
nothing of the nature of its scholastic treatment in Paris and
Oxford during the greater part of the thirteenth century. As
a consequence this treatise is a very welcome addition to our
knowledge of grammatical theory, coming as it does between
the systematic course of Petrus Helyas at the end of the twelfth
century and the condemned propositions of 1277. It is
obviously a set of lectures delivered during Bacon’s regent
mastership in one of the compulsory courses on Priscian’s de
Constructione (the last two books of his great treatise) which
most probably were fundamentally necessary, even before the
statute of 1215, which is our earliest record of the complete
Arts curriculum at Paris. The main object of this tract is to
elucidate the principles of figurative construction, and to
