Sugarcane-based Biofuels and Bioproducts

407 Pages·2016·5.084 MB·English

by  Ian O’Hara, Sagadevan Mundree

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Sugarcane-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts
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Sugarcane-Based
Biofuels and
Bioproducts
EDITEDBY
Ian M. O’Hara
and
Sagadevan G. Mundree
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Copyright©2016byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:O’Hara,IanM.,editor.|Mundree,SagadevanG.,1946-editor.
Title:Sugarcane-basedbiofuelsandbioproducts/editedbyIanM.O’Haraand
SagadevanG.Mundree.
Description:Hoboken,NewJersey:JohnWiley&Sons,2016.|Includesindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2016007511|ISBN9781118719916(cloth)|ISBN9781118719923
(epub)
Subjects:LCSH:Biomassenergy.|Sugarcane–Biotechnology.
Classification:LCCTP339.S842016|DDC662/.88–dc23LCrecordavailableat
http://lccn.loc.gov/2016007511
Coverimage:Getty/Felipex
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
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Contents
Preface,xiii
Listofcontributors,xv
Part I Sugarcane for biofuels and bioproducts
1 Thesugarcaneindustry,biofuel,andbioproductperspectives,3
IanM.O’Hara
1.1 Sugarcane – aglobalbioindustrialcrop,3
1.2 Theglobalsugarcaneindustry,5
1.2.1 Sugarcane,5
1.2.2 Sugarcaneharvestingandtransport,6
1.2.3 Therawsugarproductionprocess,7
1.2.4 Therefinedsugarproductionprocess,9
1.2.5 Thesugarmarket,11
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1.3 Whybiofuelsandbioproducts?,11
1.3.1 Thesearchfornewrevenue,11
1.3.2 Sugar,ethanol,andcogeneration,12
1.3.3 Fiber-basedbiofuelsandbioproducts,13
1.3.4 Climatechangeandrenewableproducts,13
1.3.5 Newindustriesforsustainableregionalcommunities,14
1.4 Sugarcanebiorefineryperspectives,14
1.4.1 Thesugarcanebiorefinery,14
1.4.2 Thesustainabilityimperative,17
1.4.3 Futuredevelopmentsinbiotechnologyforsugarcane
biorefineries,18
1.5 Concludingremarks,19
References,20
2 Sugarcanebiotechnology:tappingunlimitedpotential,23
SudiptaS.DasBhowmik,AnthonyK.Brinin,BrettWilliamsandSagadevan
G.Mundree
2.1 Introduction,23
2.2 Historyofsugarcane,sugarcanegenetics,wildvarieties,24
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vi Contents
2.3 Usesofsugarcane,25
2.3.1 Foodandbeverages,25
2.3.2 Biofuelsandbioenergy,26
2.3.3 Fibersandtextiles,26
2.3.4 Value-addedproducts,26
2.4 Sugarcanebiotechnology,26
2.4.1 Limitationsofsugarcanebiotechnology,29
2.5 Improvementofsugarcane – breedingversusgeneticmodification
throughbiotechnology,29
2.6 Geneticmodificationofsugarcane,30
2.7 Paucityofhigh-qualitypromoters,32
2.8 OpportunitiesforGM-improvedsugarcane,32
2.9 Improvedstresstoleranceanddiseaseresistance,35
2.9.1 Stresstolerance,35
2.9.2 Drought,35
2.9.3 Salinity,35
2.10 Naturallyresilientplantsasanovelgeneticsourceforstress
tolerance,36
2.11 Diseaseresistance,37
2.12 Industrialapplicationofsugarcane,39
2.13 Howwillclimatechangeandexpandedgrowing-regionaffect
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2.14 Conclusionandperspectives,41
References,42
Part II Biofuels and bioproducts
3 Fermentationofsugarcanejuiceandmolassesforethanolproduction,55
CecíliaLaluce,GuilhermeR.Leite,BrunaZ.Zavitoski,ThamiresT.Zamai
andRicardoVentura
3.1 Introduction,55
3.2 Naturalmicrobialecology,56
3.2.1 Saccharomycesyeasts,56
3.2.2 Wildyeasts,58
3.2.3 Bacterialcontaminants,58
3.3 Yeastidentification,60
3.3.1 Identificationofgeneticandphysiologicalphenotypes,60
3.3.2 Molecularidentificationmethods,61
3.4 Cellsurfaceandcell–cellinteractions,62
3.4.1 Dissolvedairflotation,62
3.4.2 Flocculation,64
3.4.3 Biofilms,65
3.5 Sugarcanejuiceandbagasse,65
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3.5.1 Harvestingofthesugarcane,65
3.5.2 Receptionandcleaningofsugarcane,66
3.5.3 Juiceextraction,66
3.5.4 Juiceclarification,66
3.5.5 Juiceconcentration,66
3.5.6 Qualityofclarifiedjuice,67
3.6 Fermentationofjuiceandmolasses,67
3.6.1 Startersyeasts,67
3.6.2 Rawmaterialsusedinfermentation,67
3.6.3 Thefermentation,68
3.7 Cogenerationofenergyfrombagasse,68
3.8 Bioreactorsandprocesses,69
3.8.1 Batchfermentation,70
3.8.2 Fed-batchfermentation,70
3.8.3 MultistageStageContinuousFermentation(MSCF)
system,72
3.9 Controlofmicrobialinfections,73
3.10 Monitoringandcontrollingprocesses,74
3.11 Concludingremarksandperspective,76
Acknowledgments,77
References,77
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4 Productionoffermentablesugarsfromsugarcanebagasse,87
ZhanyingZhang,MarkD.HarrisonandIanM.O’Hara
4.1 Introduction,87
4.2 Bioethanolfrombagasse,88
4.3 Overviewofpretreatmenttechnologies,90
4.4 Pretreatmentofbagasse,91
4.4.1 Diluteacidpretreatment,91
4.4.2 Alkalinepretreatment,92
4.4.3 Liquidhotwaterpretreatment,93
4.4.4 Organosolvpretreatment,94
4.4.5 Ionicliquidpretreatment,97
4.4.6 SO -andCO -associatedpretreatments,98
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4.5 Enzymatichydrolysis,99
4.6 Fermentation,100
4.7 Conclusionsandfutureperspectives,102
References,103
5 Chemicalsmanufacturefromfermentationofsugarcaneproducts,111
KarenT.RobinsandRobertE.Speight
5.1 Introduction,111
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viii Contents
5.2 Thesuitabilityofsugarcane-derivedfeedstocksinindustrial
fermentationprocesses,114
5.2.1 Competingcurrentapplicationsofsugarcaneproducts,115
5.2.2 Useofsugarcaneproductsinfermentations,117
5.3 Metabolismandindustrialhoststrains,121
5.3.1 Metabolismofsucrose,121
5.3.2 Metabolismoflignocellulose-derivedsugars,124
5.3.3 Optimizationofstrainsandmetabolism,126
5.4 Bioprocessconsiderations,127
5.5 Sugarcane-derivedchemicalproducts,130
5.6 Summary,132
References,133
6 Mathematicalmodelingofxyloseproductionfromhydrolysisof
sugarcanebagasse,137
AvaGreenwood,TroyFarrellandIanM.O’Hara
6.1 Introduction,137
6.2 Mathematicalmodelsofhemicelluloseacidpretreatment,139
6.2.1 Kineticmodelsofhemicelluloseacidhydrolysis,139
6.2.2 TheSaemankineticmodel,139
6.2.3 Thebiphasicmodel,140
(cid:2) 6.2.4 Thepolymerdegradationequation,143 (cid:2)
6.2.5 Othermathematicalconsiderationsandmodelsof
hemicelluloseacidhydrolysis,146
6.3 Amathematicalmodelofsugarcanebagassedilute-acidhydrolysis,150
6.4 Sensitivityanalysis,153
6.4.1 Experimentalsolidsloadingsandfittingthehard-to-hydrolyze
parameter,155
6.4.2 Hemicellulosechainlengthcharacteristicsandtheparameter
fittingofk andk ,156
a b
6.5 Conclusions,159
References,160
7 Hydrothermalliquefactionoflignin,165
KameronG.DunnandPhilipA.Hobson
7.1 Introduction,165
7.2 Areviewofligninalkalinehydrolysisresearch,170
7.3 Hydrolysisinsubcriticalandsupercriticalwaterwithoutanalkali
base,186
7.4 Solvolysiswithhydrogendonorsolventformicacid,188
7.5 Reporteddepolymerizationpathwaysofligninandligninmodel
compounds,192
7.6 Thesolidresidueproduct,194
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