Table Of ContentVarucha Misra
Santeshwari Srivastava
Ashutosh Kumar Mall Editors
Sugar Beet
Cultivation,
Management
and Processing
Volume 1
Sugar Beet Cultivation, Management
and Processing
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Varucha Misra Santeshwari Srivastava
Ashutosh Kumar Mall
Editors
Sugar Beet Cultivation,
Management
and Processing
Editors
VaruchaMisra SanteshwariSrivastava
ICAR-IndianInstituteofSugarcane ICAR-IndianInstituteofSugarcane
Research Research
Lucknow,India Lucknow,India
AshutoshKumarMall
ICAR-IndianInstituteofSugarcane
Research
Lucknow,India
ISBN978-981-19-2729-4 ISBN978-981-19-2730-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2730-0
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To
Late (Mr.) N.K. Misra
(F/O Dr. Varucha Misra)
Foreword
The book entitled Sugar beet Cultivation, Management and Processing is a very
useful compilation of excellent work on sugar beet that may prove to be the
torchbearer in research field of this subject. The editors of this book have cast a
broad net to assure how each topic is addressed by some of the world’s foremost
experts of respective disciplines. Sugar beet is farmed and researched all over the
world, as seen by the countries that made a significant contribution in this area.
Duringthelasttwocenturies,sugarseemstohavebecomeastapledietwithayearly
intakeof20kgperpersonaroundtheglobe,andconsumptionisexpectedtorisein
thenearfuture.Domesticdemandforethanolisalsoincreasing,withprojectionsof
14.5billiongallonsin2021.Becauseofitsshortlifespanandtremendouspotential,
sugarbeet isincreasinglyattractingagriculturalists,millers,andresearchersforthe
manufacturing of ethanol. The editors have taken a keen interest in compiling
information in the form of chapters on all essential aspects for high and quality
production. In a straightforward, crisp, and succinct style, the book summarizes
recentachievements andresearchinthiscrop. Thebook’sinformationissimpleto
comprehend for the reader and will be of great use to those interested in this crop.
Furthermore, the book’s contributors have provided up-to-date and high-quality
information,enhancingthevalueofthiseditedvolume.
BirsaAgriculturalUniversity,Kanke OnkarNathSingh
Ranchi,Jharkhand,India
vviiii
Foreword
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is cultivated worldwide in many temperate countries
likeEurope,NorthAmerica,Asia,SouthAmerica,andNorthAfrica.Itisanannual
vegetative crop that has become a key source of sugar production in temperate
countriesaroundtheworld.Sugarbeetvarietiescanadapttoavarietyofhabitatsand
growing circumstances. Now its cultivation is being emerged in India after a long
halt. It is utilized in diverse industries as raw materials, such as in bioethanol and
molassesproductionandpectinextraction.
Consideringthediverseusageandapplicationinsugarandotheragro-industries,
this crop has been researched meticulously for the benefit of farmers and sugar
millers. Several research papers on different aspects are being published, but it is
very surprising that only limited information compiled in the form of a book is
availableinthepublicdomain.Iamdelightedtohearaboutthiscompilationentitled
Sugar beet Cultivation, Management and Processing by Varucha Misra,
Santeshwari Srivastava, and A.K. Mall (eds) devoted specifically to sugar beet
which will be published by Springer, Singapore. This book examines sugar beet
production, processing, and management from a variety of perspectives, with a
particular focus on sugar beet studies in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast
Asian countries. This will aid in boosting the long-term development of sugar
beets around the world. An array of topics on this crop like crop production and
management, mechanization in sugar beet, seed production, weed management,
foliar and root diseases, diverse uses of by-products, insect pests, abiotic stress
iixx
x Foreword
management,andapplicationofartificialintelligencehavebeencoveredinthisbook
whichisofinterestforthereaders.Oneofthehighlightingsectionsineachchapteris
offutureprospectsthatgiveanewroutetosugarbeetresearch.
I appreciate the work of the editors who have cast a broad net to guarantee that
each topic isaddressed by sugar beet researchers worldwide. This edited book isa
compilation of 48 chapters by experienced sugar beet experts from continents of
Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America in different fields. This book
containsin-depthinformationonavarietyofcontemporarysugarbeetdevelopment
and establishment practices and technologies giving a glimpse of recent
advancements.Researchersandpractitionersinterestedinunderstandingtheessen-
tialdynamicsofsugarbeetcultivation,processing,anddiverseusageforitssustain-
able development will find the book particularly useful and interesting. This book
will serve as a reference book for them. The editor and authors should be
commended for compiling so much current material in one spot. Sugar beet will
beanimportantpartoftheindustry’sknowledgebaseandaspringboardforfurther
advancement for the next one or two decades, serving practitioners and scholars
alike.
Iwishthiseditedbookagreatsuccess.
InstituteofFieldandVegetableCrops JegorMiladinović
NationalInstituteoftheRepublicofSerbia
NoviSad,Serbia
Preface
Sugar beet isknownasanalternativecrop for sugar productionand isarenowned
crop of temperate regions. It runs behind sugarcane in production of sugar
contributing to 20% of sugar in the world. It is a biennial and short-duration crop
withlesswaterrequirementcapabilitycomparedtosugarcane.Historically,thiscrop
is considered to be a European crop and is known to cultivated in many other
countriesworldwide.
Indiaisalsoamongsuchfortunatecountrieswherethiscrophasbeenintroduced
manyyearsago.ExhaustiveresearchworkonthiscrophasbeendoneinIndiaduring
1970s.ICAR-IndianInstituteofSugarcaneResearch,Lucknow,hasalwaysbeenin
the leading role of sugar beet research in India along with other government
institutesandsugarindustries.Thesearchfortherightlocationforseedproduction
of indigenous and exogenous varieties is a great effort by Indian sugar beet
researchers. Successful development of indigenous varieties like LS6, IISR Comp
1 is another achievement to the determination of the researchers. Agronomic
practices for crop production and protection of Indian subtropical and tropical
conditions have also been developed and standardized through several attempts.
Identificationandmanagementofvariousdiseasesandinsectpestsonsugarbeetin
Indianconditionshasalsobeenthoroughlyexplored.Inthecurrenttime,germplasm
maintenance, seed production, post-harvest quality analysis, drought and saline
tolerance, and ethanol production are some of the ongoing research areas. The
chapters on seed and crop production, crop adaptability to Indian subtropical
climaticconditions,identificationoffoliarandrootdiseases,insectpests,bioethanol
production, and management measures for diseases and insects have discussed the
effortsofIndianresearchinbrief.
Improvementincropproductiontechnologieswiththeinvolvementofadvanced
machinesandartificialintelligencehasfurtherstrengthenedthebaseofthiscropin
theworld.Theincreasedusageofagriculturalapplicationsofdronesformonitoring
andsurveillanceofdiseases,insects,andapplicationofinsecticidalsprayshasalso
benefittedthiscrop.Imageprocessingtechniquesanddeeplearningtechniques,for
disease detection, have great potential benefits for sugar beet protection
technologies.Thechapteroncropproductionandmanagementofvariouscountries
like Serbia, Turkey, mechanization for this crop, and new technologies for disease
monitoring has thrown light on it. As improvement in crop production has always
xi
xii Preface
beendoneforthefarmer’sbenefit,intercroppingofsugarbeetwithothercropshas
been a good option for doubling farmers’ income. The cultivation package and
practices have been clearly discussed in the chapter on the intercropping of sugar
beetwithdifferentagriculturalcrops.
Climatechangeisanotherkeyongoingissuethatisgivingbirthtoseveralabiotic
stresses. Soil salinity and recurrent droughts are to name a few. The halophytic
natural endowment helps sugar beet to not only grow but reclaim saline soil for
cultivation,whereothercropslagbehind.Theincreasingfrequencyofwatershort-
age in the world has strongly impacted sugar beet cultivation all over the world.
Research have been performed and conclusive results have been obtained. The
chapters on Sugar beet production under changing climate: Opportunities and
Challenges Improving Sugar beet Production under Salinity Conditions, and
DroughtstressManagementinthiscrophavecoveredtheworldwideresearchwork.
Furthermore, sugar beet is identified as a promising feedstock for ethanol pro-
duction. The ethanol blending with petrol in many countries has been the reason
behindcatchingtheireyestowardsthiscrop.Onetonofsugarbeethasbeenknown
to attain 100–120 L of ethanol, and this may exceed even through the recent
advanced technologies being developed all over the world. Furthermore, this crop
hasshownits versatile nature byits diverse usage indifferent fields. The molasses
obtained after juice extraction is rich in betaine and is being used as a feed
supplement. The non-sucrose dry matter and fleshy leaves are also used as fodder
forlactatinganimalslikecattle.Thevinasseobtainedisbeingusedintheproduction
of petrochemicals. Additionally, sugar beet pectin is now emerging as a natural
ingredientforfoodandalliedindustrieslikepharmaceutical,cosmetic,andpolymer
industries.Thechaptersbasedonproductionandutilizationofsugarbeetmolasses,
prospectsandscopeofthiscropascattlefeed,diversifiedusageofsugarbeetpulp
and pectin throw complete insight on the expanded application of by-products and
recentprogressinthisfield.
This book Sugar Beet Cultivation, Management and Processing is a complete
packageofsugarbeetcultivationcoveringeveryessentialaspectforhighproduction
andgoodyieldofsugarbeetcultivation,development,andcropmanagement,such
as origin, breeding, seed production, physiology, pathology, entomology, biotech-
nology,andpost-harvesttechnology,inaconciseway.Thisbookwillgivereaders
anoverviewofsugarbeetcrop,beginningwiththeirorigins.Thebookendowswith
the recent advancements and up-to-date knowledge and research on this crop. We
hope this book will serve as a significant reference for students, researchers,
scientists,industrialists,andentrepreneursassociatedwiththisfieldandwillemerge
outwithnewerresearchideasandworkonthisissue.
Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India VaruchaMisra
SanteshwariSrivastava
AshutoshKumarMall
