Substance Abuse: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)

318 Pages·2010·1.16 MB·English

by  David E. Newton

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Selected Titles in ABC-CLIO’s
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES
Series
AmericanFamiliesinCrisis,JeffreyS.Turner
AnimalRights,CliffordJ.Sherry
ClimateChange,DavidL.Downie,KateBrash,and
CatherineVaughan
CorporateCrime,RichardD.Hartley
DNATechnology,DavidE.Newton
DomesticViolence,MargiLairdMcCue
EducationinCrisis,JudithA.Gouwens
EnergyUseWorldwide,JainaL.MoanandZacharyA.Smith
EnvironmentalJustice,DavidE.Newton
Gangs,KarenL.Kinnear
GayandLesbianRights,DavidE.Newton
GlobalOrganizedCrime,MitchelP.Roth
Globalization,JustinErvinandZacharyA.Smith
IdentityTheft,SandraK.HoffmanandTracyG.McGinley
LobbyinginAmerica,RonaldJ.HrebenarandBrysonB.Morgan
MainlineChristiansandU.S.PublicPolicy,GlennH.Utter
ModernSportsEthics,AngelaLumpkin
NuclearWeaponsandNonproliferation,SarahJ.Diehland
JamesClayMoltz
Obesity,JudithSternandAlexandraKazaks
PolicinginAmerica,LeonardA.Steverson
RenewableandAlternativeEnergyResources,ZacharyA.Smithand
KatrinaD.Taylor
Sentencing,DeanJohnChampion
SexualCrime,CarynE.Neumann
SexualHealth,DavidE.Newton
U.S.NationalSecurity,CynthiaA.Watson
U.S.TradeIssues,AlfredE.Eckes,Jr.
WasteManagement,JacquelineVaughn
Foracompletelistoftitlesinthisseries,pleasevisit
www.abc-clio.com.
Books in the Contemporary World Issues series address vital
issuesintoday’ssociety,suchasgeneticengineering,pollution,
andbiodiversity.Writtenbyprofessionalwriters,scholars,and
nonacademicexperts,thesebooksareauthoritative,clearlywritten,
up-to-date,andobjective.Theyprovideagoodstartingpoint
forresearchbyhighschoolandcollegestudents,scholars,and
generalreadersaswellasbylegislators,businesspeople,activists,
andothers.
Eachbook,carefullyorganizedandeasytouse,containsanover-
viewofthesubject,adetailedchronology,biographicalsketches,
factsanddataand/ordocumentsandotherprimary-source
material,adirectoryoforganizationsandagencies,annotated
listsofprintandnonprintresources,andanindex.
Readers of books in the Contemporary World Issues series will
findtheinformationtheyneedtohaveabetterunderstandingof
thesocial,political,environmental,andeconomicissuesfacingthe
worldtoday.
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SUBSTANCE ABUSE
A Reference Handbook
David E. Newton
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES
Copyright2010byABC-CLIO,LLC
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,
storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyany
means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,
exceptfortheinclusionofbriefquotationsinareview,withoutprior
permissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Newton,DavidE.
Substanceabuse:areferencehandbook/DavidE.Newton.
p.cm.—(Contemporaryworldissues)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-59884-509-9(hardcopy:alk.paper)—
ISBN978-1-59884-510-5(ebook)
1. Substanceabuse—Handbooks,manuals,etc.I.Title.
HV4998.N488 2010
362.29—dc22 2010007451
ISBN:978-1-59884-509-9
EISBN:978-1-59884-510-5
14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5
ThisbookisalsoavailableontheWorldWideWebasaneBook.
Visitwww.abc-clio.comfordetails.
ABC-CLIO,LLC
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Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper
ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
For Ed Semeyn and Tom Littell
and all the young men and women of Wilcox Park
for the great honor their friendship has done me;
thanks for the memories!
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Contents
ListofTablesandFigures,xiii
Preface,xv
1 BackgroundandHistory,1
Introduction,1
ABriefHistoryofSubstanceUseandAbuse,2
SpeakingofDrugs,7
ClassifyingDrugs,11
HowDoDrugsWork?,15
ASurveyofLegalandIllegalDrugs,18
Tobacco,19
Alcohol,22
Marijuana,24
Cocaine,26
Amphetamines,28
OtherDrugsandTheirEffects,30
References,31
2 Problems,Controversies,andSolutions,35
Introduction,35
SubstanceAbusePrevention,36
SubstanceAbuseTreatment,40
DrugTesting,42
DrugTestingintheWorkplace,42
DrugTestinginSchools,45
DrugTestinginAmateurandProfessionalSports,47
ControllingtheUseofDrugs,49
TaxationofDrugs,51
OutrightBansonSubstances,58
FederalLegislationsincetheControlledSubstancesAct,
1970–2010,63
ix