Subsonic Aerodynamics

312 Pages·2002·31.15 MB·English

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LECTUR.E $ERIES NO. 37
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Subsonic Aerodynamics
DISTRIBUTION AND AVAILABILITY
ON BACK COVER

AGARD Lecture Series .No. 37
. _ - -
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(ORGANISATION DU TRAITE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD)
HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER
I
SUBSONIC AERODYNAMICS
.
The material in this book has.been assembled to support a Lecture Series
recommended by the Fluid Dynamics Panel of AGARD, andco-sponsored by the
AGARD Consultant and Exchange Programme and the Von Kkrmh Institute.
The material in this publication has been composed directly from copy
supplied by each author.
Published June 1970
533.6.011.12:
533.6.011.3
Prznted by Technrcal Edrtrng and ReProductron Ltd
Harford House, 7-9 Charlotte St, London. KIP IHD
ii
FOREWORD
Recommended by the Fluid Dynamics Panel, this Lecture Series was Co.-sponsored by AGARD
and the Von Kdrmdn Institute, and presented to NATO scientists and engineers on 21-25 April
1969 at the Von Kdrmdn Institute, Rhode-Saint -Genkse, Belgium.
The objective of the Lecture Series was to present a state-of-the-art review of
aerodynamics problems associated with the .design of very large subsonic aircraft.
This document represents the main aspects of the material presented by the various
speakers, all of them eminent specialists from Europe and North America.
The advantages and problems of large subsonic aircraft are of special interest at the
moment when the Jumbo-Jets are being introduced into the commercial network. Also, the
parametric design studies and the aerodynamics of wing design will be of interest to many
as significant problems remain particularly at the high-speed end of the spectrum in the
case of subsonic aircraft.
The increasing interest in “Aeromechanics” which embrace many types and phases of
aircraft environment-interaction will certainly be of interest to the reader.
Finally, the aspects of noise and vibration, engine component design and high lift
technology are covered as important problems for the coming generation of aircraft (large
subsonic).
More specialized, but every day more appreciated, “Advanced Computer Technology in
Aerodynamics” is given here as a sample of how computers could be used and could help the
designer to rapidly evaluate the various possible changes in the flow field.
Applications of Computer Graphics are also presented.
Mr. Little was responsible for organizing the technical programme and is to be thanked
for a job well done - a job which with the able assistance of his co-lecturers has
produced this very useful and timely document. Appreciation for the speakers’ time and
efforts must ihdeed be mentioned as this Lecture Series represented an additional heavy
workload for them.
Finally, the Director and Staff of the Von Khdn Institute must be thanked for the
excellent facilities made available to the speakers and participants and especially for
the important part they took in setting up this excellent Lecture Series.
ROLLAND A. WILLAUME
Director, Plans and Programmes, AGARD
iii
AVANT-PROPOS
Sur la proposition de la commission “Dynamique des Fluides”, la prdsente Sdrie de
Confdrences fut offerte ‘conjointement par 1’AGARD et 1’ Institut Von Kfhmdn, et presentee
du 21 A 25 avril 1969 auc locaux de l’Institut, Rhode-Saint-Genkse, Belgique devant des
savants et ingdnieurs de;; pays de 1’OTAN.
Le but de la Sdrie h i t de faire le point de l’dtat actuel des connaissances sur les
problkmes adrodynamiques posds par la concept ion d’ avions subsoniques de tres grand tonnage.
Le present document reprdsente les principaux aspects des matikres presentees par les
divers confdrenciers, toils des spdcialistes bien connus de 1’Europe et de 1’Amdrique du
Nord.
Les avantages offerts par les gros avions et les problkmes qu’ ils soulkvent prdsentent
actuellement un inte‘rgt particulier, au moment de la mise en service sur les rdseaux
commerciaux des Jumbo-Jets, D’ autre part, les dtudes paramdtriques et 1’ adrodynamique
de l’dtude de voilures prdsenteront de 1’ inte‘rgt pour beaucoup d’ ingdnieurs, &ant donnd
qu’ il reste toujours des problkmes importants & rdsoudre, et notamment dans le domaine
des grandes vitesses, dans le cas des subsoniques,
L’attention de plus er1 plus grande portde “1’ Adromdcanique”, qui comprend plusieurs
types et phases de 1’ intwaction entre 1’ avion et son environnement. intdressera
certainement le lecteur.
Les questions du bruil,. des vibrations, de la conception des pieces de rdacteur et de
la technologie des hyperoustentateurs sont dtudides en tant que problkmes importants pour
.
la prochaire gdndration tl’ avions (gros avions subsoniques)
Le sujet plus spdcialjsd, mais de jour en jour plus apprecid, d’une “Technologie de
Calcul d’ Avant-Garde pour 1’Aerodynamique” est citd comme exemple des possibilitds
d’ application des ordinat-eurs pour aider 1’ ingdnieur d’ dtude d evaluer rapidement toutes
variations dventuelles de 1’ image d’ dcoulement.
On prdsente dgalement quelques application de “Computer Graphics”.
L’organisation du prog’ramme technique a dtd confide Mr. Little, & qui des
remerciements sont dus pcur la maniere trks compdtente dont il a assurd cette ttche,
tgche qui, avec le concorrs prdcieux de ses co-confdrenciers a en pour rdsultat le
present document trks utile et opportun. I1 faut en effet exprimer notre apprdciation
des efforts et, du temps consacrds cette grie de Conferences par les confdrenciers.
pour qui elle a reprdsentd une lourde charge de travail suppldmentaire.
Eh conclusion, je tiens A remercier Monsieur le Directeur et le personnel de
1’ Institut Von Kdrmdn des excellentes facilitds qu’ ils ont bien voulu accorder aux
confdrenciers et aux participants, et surtout du r61e important qu’ ils ont joud dans
la rdalisation de cette Edrie de Confdrences.
ROLLAND A. WILLAUME
Directeur. Plans et Programmes, AGARD
iv
CONTENTS
Page
iii
FOREWORD
iv
AVANT PROPOS
vi
SPEAKERS
Reference
INTRODUCTORY LECTURE:
/ ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF LARGE SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT
by B.H.Little, Jr
/ A E ROM E CH AN I C S
by B.H.Little, Jr
SCALING EFFECTS ON SHOCK-INDUCED SEPARATION
f
by B.H.Little, Jr
SCALING EFFECTS ON DRAG PREDICTION
/
by J.H.Paterson
NOISE AND VIBRATION PROBLEMS*
by P.E.Doak
HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER SUBSONIC AERODYNAMICS
I ,/- by D.M.Ryle, Jr
ADVANCED COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN AERODYNAMICS
{ Computer-Aided Aircraft Design
L e c ~ ~ r ~ . ~ ~ L iJtr t l e , 7
ADVANCED COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN AERODYNAMICS
/A -Program for Airfoil Section Design Utilizing Computer Graphics
by J. L. van Ingen
ENGINE PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE LARGE SUBSONIC TRANSPORT
/
by B.Wrigley
I
THE AERODYNAMICS OF, ENGINE COMPONENT DESIGN PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE
SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT
by R.Hetherington 10
~
1
* not available for publication
V
SPEAKERS
Lecture Series :Director
B. H. LITTLE Associate Director of Research
Aerospace Sciences
Lockheed Georgia Company
Marietta, Georgia
USA
Speakers
P. E. DOAK Hawker Siddeley Reader
in Noise Research
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research
The University
Southampton
UK
R.HETHERINGMN Project Engineer
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics
Aero Engines Division
Rolls-Royce
Derby
UK
J.L.VAN INGEN Senior Lecturer
Technische Hogeschool
Delft
'
Netherlands
D. M. RYLE Chief of Advanced Aerodynamics Division
Lockheed Georgia Company
Marietta, Georgia
USA
B. WRIGLEY Assistant Chief Performance Engineer
Turbo Machinery Aerodynamics
Aero Engine Division
Rolls -Royce
Derby
UK
vi
1
INTRODUCTORY LECTURE
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF LARGE SUBSONIC AIRCRAFT
by
B. H.Little, Jr.
Lcck heed-Ge or g ia Company
Marietta, Georgia, USA
I
1
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