Study of the Seasonal and interannual variability Of Phytoplankton Bloom in Arabian Gulf Using

134 Pages·2017·4.91 MB·English

United Arab Emirates University
Scholarworks@UAEU
Theses Electronic Theses and Dissertations
4-2016
Study of the Seasonal and interannual variability Of
Phytoplankton Bloom in Arabian Gulf Using
Modisdata
Malik Mutasim Malik Gasim
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Part of theEnvironmental Sciences Commons
Recommended Citation
Malik Gasim, Malik Mutasim, "Study of the Seasonal and interannual variability Of Phytoplankton Bloom in Arabian Gulf Using
Modisdata" (2016).Theses. 460.
https://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/all_theses/460
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vii

Abstract

The Arabian Gulf is a semi enclosed large water body that experiences seasonal
variations and reversal of it water currents flow circulation. The Gulf waters are
characterized by having high primary productivity and strong phytoplankton blooms
at particular seasons within the year. Phytoplankton is a base of the food chain for
marine species, providing an essential food resource for aquatic life. Marine
phytoplankton affects the diversity of any marine ecosystem and drives its
functioning and is strongly correlated with fishery yields. The primary objectives of
this research study are to answer key research questions related to phytoplankton
blooms in the Arabian Gulf. The research attempts to identify the seasonal and inter-
annual variations of phytoplankton blooms, the factors that affects these blooms, and
the spatial distribution of such blooms within the Gulf waters using the Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer – AQUA (MODISA) and the Advanced
Scatterometer (ASCAT) satellite data. MODIS derived chlorophyll concentration
(chlorophyll-a) product (as indicator of phytoplankton) and MODIS sea surface
temperature product (SST) over the study area are utilized. ASCAT wind vectors are
used to identify the prevailing wind direction over the study area. The major findings
from this research are that observed phytoplankton concentrations in the Arabian
Gulf experience wide variability from season to season each year. The onset of
phytoplankton blooms in the Arabian Gulf starts in early autumn season reaching its
peak at the end of the season and into the onset of the winter season. High levels of
phytoplankton concentrations remain visible in the satellite data through the winter
season where it starts to disappear towards the end of the season. The spring and
summer seasons portray the lowest levels of phytoplankton with no apparent bloom
during the study period in these seasons. The percentile increase between the
minimum and maximum concentrations is almost 140%. The phytoplankton blooms
in the Arabian Gulf are strongly influenced by the sea surface temperature and the
prevailing winds and their directions. Phytoplankton blooms are associated with the
north easterly wind regime of autumn and winter coupled by lower SST. A strong
positive inverse relation between chlorophyll concentrations and sea surface
temperature within the study area are observed from the satellite data. During the
study period 2003-2013 a decline in the overall chlorophyll concentrations of
approximately 2% - 4% is observed. This is currently assessed from only 9 to 11
viii

observations spanning the years of the study period. This is not a statistically valid
sample to make a major conclusions vis-à-vis the trend of the phytoplankton
concentrations in the Arabian Gulf. To have a statistically valid sample, a minimum
of 30 observations are needed from MODIS observations. However, the results are in
agreement with previous studies of declining phytoplankton concentrations globally.
The summary of the results of this study provided key information in regards to the
study’s major research questions.
Keywords: Phytoplankton bloom, chlorophyll, sea surface temperature, winds
currents, satellite image, Arabian Gulf Sea, MODIS, ASCAT.
ix

Title and Abstract (in Arabic)
ﺔﻴﻤﺳﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ (ﻮﺩﻳﺲﻣ) ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺎ ﺮﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ
ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻠﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍﻮ
ﺺﺨﻟﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ،ﺔﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ . ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﺍﻤﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﻟ
ﺎﻴﻟﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻦﻋ ﻼﻼﻼ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜﻳﻹﺍ ﻢﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﻫﺩﺯﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻣﺎﻫ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺐﻌﻠﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻭ .ﺔﻴﻜﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﻭﺮﺜﻟﺍ ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻌﻟ
ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ ﻡﺪﻘﻳ ﻭ .ﺞﻴﻟﺨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻜﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﻭﺮﺜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻟﻟ ﺪﻴﺟ ﺮﺍﺮﻗ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺞﻴﻟﺨﻟﺍ ﺮﺤﺑ
ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻤﻟﺎ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ ﺓﺯﺎﺘﻣﻣ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻗﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ
ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻗﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﺻ ﻖﻳﺮﻁ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻦﻳﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ .ﻲﻤﺳﻮﻤﻟﺍ
ﻲﻫ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ .ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻮ ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺭﻮﻟﻜﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ
.ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﻴﻟﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻘﺗ ﻢﻈﻨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻘﻘﺤﺘ ﻟﺍ
ﻊﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻫﻫﺎﻴﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﺘﻟ ﻪﻟ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﺬﻔﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ﻪﺒﺷ ﻲﺋﺎﻣ ﺢﻄﺴﻣ ﻮﻫ ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﻴﻟﺨﻟﺍ
ﻲﻗﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﺍﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺞﻴﻟﺨﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻣ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗﻭ .ﻕﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻬﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺪﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺞﻴﻠﺧ
ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ .ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻳﻮﻗ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺍﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺎﺑ
ﺞﻴﻟﺨﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻣ ( MODISA)ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﺒﻋ ﺔﺟﺮﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺭﻮﻟﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ
ﺔﻛﺮﺣ ﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺣ ﺺﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ (ASCAT) ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺐﻨﺟ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺐﻨﺟ
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻵﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﻟ ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻛ ﻝﺬﻛ ﻭ ،ءﺍﻮﻬﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺗ ﺔﻋﺮﺳﻭ
ﻥﺃ ﻮﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺍﺘﻨﻟﺍ .ﻞﻴﻓﻮﺭﻮﻞﻜﺍﻞ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺍﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻢﻈﻨﺗ
ﺮﻬﺷﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺗﻭﺭﺫ ﻎﻠﺒﺗ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺮﺨﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﻮﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰﻟ ﺎﻴﻓ ﺃﺪﺒﺗ ﺓﺩﻮﺻﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺭﻮﻟﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﺡﺎﻳﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻋﻮﻓﺪﻣ ﻰﻟﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺒﻠﻘﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ (ﺮﻳﺍﺮﺒﻓ ﻭ ﺮﺒﻤﺴﻳﺩ) ءﺍﺘﺸﻟﺍ
ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺃﺪﺒﺗ .ﺱﺭﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺑﻮﺘﻛﺃ ﻟﻼ ﺧ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺳﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺸﻟﺎ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺸﻟﺎ
ﻲﻓ ،ﻒﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﻟﺼﻒ ﻦﻣ ﺴﻄﺴﻏﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻮﻴﻟﻮﻳ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺗﻭﺭﺫ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﺼﺗ ﻰﺘﺣ ﻊﻴﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰﻟﺍ ﻴﻓ
ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻜﻋ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻮﻴﻟﻮﻳ ﻲﻓ ﻒﻌﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺪﻬﺸﻳ ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺭﻮﻟﻜﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ
ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟﻟ ﻱﻮﻟﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺪﻳﺮﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻁ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻘﺗ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ .ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺤﻟﺍ
ﺐﻠﺠﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻟﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟﻟ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﺩﺎﺒﺗ ﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻊﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ
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ﻕﻮﻓ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻁﻹ ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ
.ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ
،ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﻬﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﻴﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺓﺭﺍﺮﺣ ،ﻞﻴﻓﻭﺭﻮﻟﻜﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻤﻟﺎ ﻖﻟﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ : �ﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻣﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ
،ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﻟﺍ ،ﺔﺒﻠﻘﺘﻤﻠﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﻻﺍ ،ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﻴﻟﺨﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﻤﻗﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﺻ ،ﻤﺳﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ
.(ﺕﺍﻜﺳﺍ) ،(ﺲﻳﺩﻮﻣ)