study of bernoulli's theor apparatus and ver of bernoulli's theorem, construction of an apparatus

48 Pages·2015·0.85 MB·English

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SUPERVISED BY

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DECEMBER 2012-12-03

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We hereby declare that the project titled “DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
BERNOULLIS APPARATUS “is submitted to the Department of Mechanical
Engineering for the partial fulfilment of the requirements for Bachelor of Science
Degree on Mechanical Engineering (course no 400).This is our original work and was
not submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree or diploma or any other
publication.

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SYED ENAMUL HASAN KAMAL

MD.NAJMUS SAKIB

SK.REZANUR ISLAM

SUPERVISED BY
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CCCCAAAAPPPPTTTT MMMM MMMMUUUUNNNNIIIIRRRR HHHHAAAASSSSSSSSAAAANNNN,,,, BBBBNNNN
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MILITARY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY
SSSSUUUUPPPPEEEERRRRVVVVIIIISSSSOOOORRRR CCCCEEEERRRRTTTTIIIIFFFFIIIICCCCAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
This is to certify that,SyedEnamulHasan Kamal, Student ID:200818001;
MD.NajmusSakib,Student ID:200818002, Sk.RezanurIslam,Student
ID:200818003,have completed their undergraduate project and thesis entitled
““““DDDDEEEESSSSIIIIGGGGNNNN AAAANNNNDDDD CCCCOOOONNNNSSSSTTTTRRRRUUUUCCCCTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN OOOOFFFF AAAA BBBBEEEERRRRNNNNOOOOUUUULLLLLLLLIIII’’’’SSSS AAAAPPPPPPPPAAAARRRRAAAATTTTUUUUSSSS””””.This paper
embodies original work done under my supervision.

CCCCAAAAPPPPTTTT MMMM MMMMUUUUNNNNIIIIRRRR HHHHAAAASSSSSSSSAAAANNNN,,,, BBBBNNNN
Head of The Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Military Institute of Science &Technology
Mirpur Cantonment
Mirpur-12
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This project is one of the greatest additions to our knowledge and experience.We acknowledge the
help of the individuals who contributed to the successful construction of the different parts of this
apparatus .We would specially like to express our most sincere gratitude to our Supervisor Captain
MMunir Hassan (BN), Head of The Department, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Military
Institute of Science & Technology. His heartfelt assistance and innovative ideas for working out for
the project has helped us a lot to complete the project to this far within the given time.

We gratefully acknowledge our deepest gratitude to Captain MMunir Hassan (BN), Head of The
Department,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Military Institute of Science &Technology(MIST)
who has the whole contribution to this project by allowing us to use the lab facility.

We are extremely grateful to Machine Tools Lab for their technical support and machining facility.

Last but not the least; we would like to show our thanks to the Lab Assistance of Fluid Mechanics
Lab.Special Thanks to Dibakarda and Ashraf. Also we are grateful to the “JAMAL METAL WORKS”,
and Welder Ismail of 16 ECB. They did their best to help with this accomplishment. Without being
helped from all personalities mentioned above ,it would not be possible to successfully construct the
different parts of the apparatus and the project would not be completed to this far.

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Bernoulli’s apparatus is one of the simple but fundamental experimental devices of
fluid mechanics. With this set up anyone could be able to verify physically verify the
Bernoulli’s equation which is the foundation of Fluid Mechanics and base of fluid flow
problem. It will help the undergraduate students to understand the basic concepts of
fluid friction, pressure head, velocity head and many others related terminology about
the static and dynamic fluid flow. Designing, characterizing and constructing such a
device is surely a challenging job which is definitely a result of combination of merits
and hard work. In most of the cases this devices are imported from outside the country
for experimental purpose and basic lab works. But by using our engineering knowledge
and true effort we can construct such device rather than importing them. On the other
hand by constructing such complex structure,students will be able to be oriented with
many important aspects about construction of engineering apparatus. Subsequent
further modification and improvement of this project is always welcome.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page

1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Background
Chapter 1 1
1.1.2 Objectives

2.1 Applications Of The Bernoulli Equation
2.1.2 Pitot Static Tube
2.1.3venturi Meter
2.1.4 Real Life Application
Chapter 2 2-14
2.2 Fundamental Concept Of Bernoulli’s Principle
2.3 Significance Of Each Term Of Bernoulli’s Equation
2.4 Definition And Explanation Of Hydraulic Gradient Line And Energy
Gradient Line

2.4.1.1 The Following Points Are Worth Knowing About
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E.G.L. And H.G.L.

2.5 The Basic Idea About A Converging-Diverging
Section:

3.1 General Description:
3.2. Tube Water Manometer & Bernoulli’s Apparatus
Chapter 3 3.3 Description Of Apparatus: 15-20
3.4. Relevant Theory:

4.1. Experimental Procedure:
4.4 RelevantTheory
4.5 ExperimentalProcedures

Chapter 4 4.5.4 ResultsAndCalculations 16-30

4.6. Calculations:
4.7. SampleCalculations
4.8 Graph:

5.1 RESULTS ANALYSIS:
Chapter 5 34
5.2 DISCUSSION:

6.1 Conclusion:
6.2 Recommendation:
Chapter 6 35-36
6.3 Referances:

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LIST OF FIGURES:

Fig No Page
Fig 2.1.1 :Streamlines around a blunt body
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Fig 2.1.2 A Piezometer and a Pitot tube
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Fig 2.1.3 A Pitot-static tube 6
Fig 2.1.4 A Venturi meter
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Figure 2.4.1 : Energy gradient line and hydraulic gradient line.
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Figure 2.4.2 : HGL and EGL in converging diverging section. 13
Figure 2.5.1: Nozzles and Diffuser
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Fig 3.2.1 Tube Water Manometer
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Fig 3.4.1 : Velocity Triangle Diagrams
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Fig 4.2.1 Bernoulli’s Apparatus
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4.2.2 Full Set up
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Sample graph
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NOMENCLATURE

NOTATION DEFINITION
g= Gravitationalacceleration,9.81m/s2

p = Pressure of fluid, Pa
u= Velocity offluid,m/s

Z = Height abovedatum,m
ρ= Density of fluid,kg/m3
P= static pressure of the fluid,
γ= Specific Weight of the flowing fluid,
v= velocity of flow,
g= gravitational acceleration,
Z= datum head
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