Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing

334 Pages·2011·2.76 MB·English

Contents
UNIT 1 N URSING AND THE HEALTH CARE UNIT 5 F OUNDATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
ENVIRONMENT 2 7 Patient Safety, 92
1 Nursing Today, 1 2 8 Infection Prevention and Control, 96
2 The Health Care Delivery System, 4 2 9 Vital Signs, 103
3 Community-Based Nursing Practice, 7 3 0 Health Assessment and Physical Examination, 110
4 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice, 9 3 1 Medication Administration, 126
5 Evidence-Based Practice, 11 3 2 Complementary and Alternative Therapies, 136
UNIT 2 CARING THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN UNIT 6 P SYCHOSOCIAL BASIS FOR NURSING
6 Health and Wellness, 14 PRACTICE
7 Caring in Nursing Practice, 18 3 3 Self-Concept, 140
8 Caring for the Cancer Survivor, 21 3 4 Sexuality, 144
9 Culture and Ethnicity, 23 3 5 Spiritual Health, 148
1 0 Caring for Families, 26 3 6 The Experience of Loss, Death, and Grief, 152
1 1 Developmental Theories, 30 3 7 Stress and Coping, 156
1 2 Conception Through Adolescence, 33
1 3 Young and Middle Adults, 41 UNIT 7 P HYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR NURSING
1 4 Older Adults, 46 PRACTICE
3 8 Activity and Exercise, 160
UNIT 3 C RITICAL THINKING IN NURSING 3 9 Hygiene, 164
PRACTICE 4 0 Oxygenation, 169
1 5 Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice, 51 4 1 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, 176
1 6 Nursing Assessment, 54 4 2 Sleep, 184
1 7 Nursing Diagnosis, 57 4 3 Pain Management, 189
1 8 Planning Nursing Care, 60 4 4 Nutrition, 195
1 9 Implementing Nursing Care, 64 4 5 Urinary Elimination, 203
2 0 Evaluation, 67 4 6 Bowel Elimination, 209
2 1 Managing Patient Care, 70 4 7 Mobility and Immobility, 216
4 8 Skin Integrity and Wound Care, 220
UNIT 4 P ROFESSIONAL STANDARDS IN 4 9 Sensory Alterations, 227
NURSING PRACTICE 50 Care of Surgical Patients, 233
2 2 Ethics and Values, 72
2 3 Legal Implications in Nursing Practice, 75 Answer Key, 245
2 4 Communication, 78
2 5 Patient Education, 84
2 6 Documentation and Informatics, 88
Study Guide for
Fundamentals of Nursing
Eighth Edition
YOU’VE JUST PURCHASED
MORE THAN
A TEXTBOOK
ACTIVATE THE COMPLETE LEARNING EXPERIENCE
THAT COMES WITH YOUR BOOK BY REGISTERING AT
http://evolve.elsevier.com/Potter/fundamentals
Once you register, you will have access to your
FREE STUDY TOOLS:
• P repare for Class, Clinical, or Lab
Answers and Rationales for Review Questions, Answers to Clinical Application
Questions, Case Studies with questions, printable Key Points, Video Clips, Interactive
Skills Performance Checklists, Animations, Fluids and Electrolytes Tutorial, Audio
Glossary, Concept Map Creator, Nursing Skills Online reading assignments, Calculation
Tutorial, Key Term Flashcards, Interactive Learning Activities, and Content Updates
• P repare for Exams
Review Questions with Rationales, Three comprehensive Fundamentals practice quizzes
• A dditional Resources
Building Competency Scenarios and Answers
REGISTER TODAY!
Study Guide for
Fundamentals of Nursing
Eighth Edition
Geralyn Ochs, RN, ACNP-BC, ANP-BC
Associate Professor of Nursing
Coordinator of the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Program
St. Louis University School of Nursing
St. Louis, Missouri
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
STUDY GUIDE FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF ISBN 978-0-323-08469-7
NURSING, EIGHTH EDITION
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance
Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Nursing Diagnoses—Definitions and Classification 2012-2014. Copyright © 2012, 1994-2012 by NANDA
International. Used by arrangement with Blackwell Publishing Limited, a company of John Wiley and
Sons, Inc.
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or
methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they
have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be
administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and
contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge
of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual
patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any
liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or
otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the
material herein.
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-08469-7
Senior Content Strategist: Tamara Myers
Content Development Specialist: Melissa J. Rawe, Tina Kaemmerer
Publishing Services Manager: Deborah L. Vogel
Senior Project Manager: Deepthi Unni; Jodi M. Willard
Design Direction: Teresa McBryan
Printed in United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Introduction
The Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing, eighth The Review Questions in each chapter provide a valu-
edition, has been developed to encourage independent able means of testing and reinforcing your knowledge
learning for beginning nursing students. As a beginning of the material. All questions are multiple choice. As
nursing student, you may be wondering, “How will I a further means for independent learning, each answer
possibly learn all of the material in this chapter?” The requires a rationale (the reason why the option you
essential objective of this Study Guide is to assist you selected is correct). After you have completed the review
in this endeavor by helping you learn what you need questions, you can check the answers in the back of the
to know and then testing what you have learned with Study Guide.
hundreds of review questions. Chapters 27, 33-38, 40, 42-45, and 48-50 include
This Study Guide follows the textbook layout chapter exercises based on the care plans and concept maps
for chapter. For each chapter your instructor assigns, you found in the text. These exercises provide practice in syn-
will use the same chapter number in this Study Guide. thesizing nursing process and critical thinking as you, the
The outline format has been designed to help you learn nurse, care for patients. Taking one aspect of the nursing
to read nursing content more effectively and with greater process, you will be asked to imagine you are the nurse
understanding. Each chapter of this Study Guide has in the case study and write your answers in the appropri-
several sections to assist you to comprehend and recall. ate boxes. You will have to think about what knowledge,
The Preliminary Reading section is designed to teach experiences, standards, and attitudes might be used in
prereading strategies. You will become familiar with caring for the patient.
the chapter by first reading the chapter title, key terms, When you finish answering the review questions and
objectives, key points (found at the end of each chap- exercises, take a few minutes for self-evaluation using
ter), and main headings. Also pay close attention to all the Answer Key. If you answered a question incorrectly,
illustrations, tables, and boxes. This can be done rather begin to analyze the thoughts that led you to the wrong
quickly and will give you an overall idea of the content answer:
of the chapter. ■■Did you miss the key word or phrase?
Next you will find the Comprehensive Understanding ■■Did you read into something that wasn’t stated?
section, which is in outline format. This will prove to be ■■Did you not understand the subject matter?
a very valuable tool not only as you first read the chapter ■■Did you use an incorrect rationale for selecting your
but also as you review for exams. This outline identifies response?
both topics and main ideas for each chapter as an aid to Each incorrect response is an opportunity to learn.
concentration, comprehension, and retention of textbook Go back to the text and reread any content that is still
information. By completing this outline, you will learn unclear. In the long run, it will be a time-saving activity.
to “pull-out” key information in the chapter. You will be The learning activities presented in this Study Guide
reinforcing that content as you write the answers in the will assist you in completing the semester with a firm
Study Guide. Once completed, this outline will serve as understanding of nursing concepts and process that you
a review tool for exams. can rely on for your entire professional career.
v
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 200192, 20058, 20012, b1y9 M97o sbbyy ,M Inocs.b, ya, fafinlia ateff ioliaf tEel soefv Eielsr,e Ivnice.r AInllc r.i gAhllt sri grehstse rrveesde.r ved. Chapter Introduction
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
UNIT 1 NURSING AND THE HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT
1 Nursing Today, 1
2 The Health Care Delivery System, 4
3 Community-Based Nursing Practice, 7
4 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice, 9
5 Evidence-Based Practice, 11
UNIT 2 CARING THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN
6 Health and Wellness, 14
7 Caring in Nursing Practice, 18
8 Caring for the Cancer Survivor, 21
9 Culture and Ethnicity, 23
1 0 Caring for Families, 26
1 1 Developmental Theories, 30
1 2 Conception Through Adolescence, 33
1 3 Young and Middle Adults, 41
1 4 Older Adults, 46
U NIT 3 CRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING PRACTICE
1 5 Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice, 51
1 6 Nursing Assessment, 54
1 7 Nursing Diagnosis, 57
1 8 Planning Nursing Care, 60
1 9 Implementing Nursing Care, 64
2 0 Evaluation, 67
2 1 Managing Patient Care, 70
U NIT 4 PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS IN NURSING PRACTICE
2 2 Ethics and Values, 72
2 3 Legal Implications in Nursing Practice, 75
2 4 Communication, 78
2 5 Patient Education, 84
2 6 Documentation and Informatics, 88
U NIT 5 FOUNDATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
2 7 Patient Safety, 92
2 8 Infection Prevention and Control, 96
2 9 Vital Signs, 103
3 0 Health Assessment and Physical Examination, 110
3 1 Medication Administration, 126
3 2 Complementary and Alternative Therapies, 136
vii
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 200192, 20058, 20012, b1y9 M97o sbbyy ,M Inocs.b, ya, fafinlia ateff ioliaf tEel soefv Eielsr,e Ivnice.r AInllc r.i gAhllt sri grehstse rrveesde.r ved. Chapter Contents
U NIT 6 PSYCHOSOCIAL BASIS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
3 3 Self-Concept, 140
3 4 Sexuality, 144
3 5 Spiritual Health, 148
3 6 The Experience of Loss, Death, and Grief, 152
3 7 Stress and Coping, 156
U NIT 7 PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
3 8 Activity and Exercise, 160
3 9 Hygiene, 164
4 0 Oxygenation, 169
4 1 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, 176
4 2 Sleep, 184
4 3 Pain Management, 189
4 4 Nutrition, 195
4 5 Urinary Elimination, 203
4 6 Bowel Elimination, 209
4 7 Mobility and Immobility, 216
4 8 Skin Integrity and Wound Care, 220
4 9 Sensory Alterations, 227
5 0 Care of Surgical Patients, 233
Answer Key, 245

viii
Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
C C hoanptetenrt s Contents CopyCriogphyt r©igh 2t 0©0 92,0 21020, 52,0 20080, 12,0 10929 b7y b My oMsobsyb, yIn, ca.n, aaffffiilliiaattee ooff EEllsseevviieerr, Inc. All rights reserved.