Table Of ContentElytt,a,Tokyo,27(2):553-571,November13,1999
StudiesontheAsianStaphylininae(Coleoptera,Staphylinidae)
N RevisionalNotesontheGeneraRhyncocheilusFAuvEL
andRhynchocheilusSHARP,withRedescriptions
oftheirTypeSpecies
Yasuhiko HAYAsHI
Suimeidai3-1-73,KawanishiCity,Hyogo,666-0116Japan
Abstract CharacteristicsofthegeneraRhyncoc11ellusFAuvELandRhynchocheiius
SHARPare reviewed, and their typespecies,StaphylinusaurousFABRIcIusandRhyn-
cl1ochelhlspectoralisSHARP,areredescribed.
Rhyncocheiluswasfirstlyintroduced(published)byFAuvELin1882withoutde-
scriptionasanunpublishedgenericname forStaphy11nusaurousFABRIcIUs.SHARP
(1889) established thegenusRhynchocheilus for RhynchochelluspectoralisSHARP,
thoughhedidnotgiveanycommentonRhyncocheilusFAUvEL.Thereafter,most re-
searchersoftheStaphylinidae,evenFAuvELhimself, treatedthe formerasaninvalid
nameand/orajuniorsynonymofthelatter. CAMERON(1932)maybethefirstandthe
only oneresearcher whoredescribed the genusRhynchoche11us (spelled as Rhyn-
cochihts) afterSHARPinhissense. 0ntheotherhan BLAcKwELDER(1952) recog-
nizedRhyncoche11usFAuvELas an acceptablenameand regardedRhynchocheilus
SHARPasajuniorsynonymoftheformer.Hisarrangementseemsreasonableunderthe
presentnomenclature,butColFFAIT(1982)stillconsideredRhynchocheilusSHARPto
beanavailablename.
Recently,IhadanopportunitytocloselyexaminethetypespecimenofStaphyli-
nus aurous FABRlclus with someadditional specimens and the type specimens of
RhynchocheiluspectoralisSHARP.A量oracarefulexaminationofthesetypespecimens
andseveraladditionalones, ithasbecomeclearthatthetwogeneraareclearlydiffer-
ent.ThereforeIamgoingtoredescribethesegeneraonthebasisofclosereexamina-
tionofthetypespecimens,andtodiscusstheirphylogeneticrelationships.
“Rhyncocheilus”maybeamiss-spellingof“Rhynchoche11us”,butbotharecor-
rect originalspellingsaccording to thepresentCodeofZoological Nomenclature.
Thesenamesare,however,verysimilar toeachother,andconfusing;ithasbeenoften
miss_spelledasRhyncochilusorRhynchochilus.Suchconfusionsareinevitableso far
asthetwonamesareavailable. It isthereforedesirablethatanewsubstitutenamewill
beproposedforRhynchocheilusundertheplenarypoweroftheCommisionofZoolog-
icalNomenclature.
554 YasuhikoHAYAsH1
Beforegoinginto furtherdetails, IwishtoexpressmyheartythankstoMr.M.J.
D.BRENDELLoftheNaturalHistoryMuseum,London, forhiscourtesyandgenerosity
toloanmethepreciousmaterials,thetypespecimensofStaphylinusau1'eusFABRICIUS
andRhynchocheiluspectolalisSHARP. Iamverygrateful toDr.H.SHILLHAMMERof
theNaturhistorischesMuseumWienforhiskindofferofthespecimensofthegroupof
RhyncocheilusaurousandinformationabouttheEucibdelusgroup;toDr.Shun-Ichiro
NAoM1oftheNatural HistoryMuseumandInstitute,Chiba,Dr.Fumiaki KIMuRAof
theKashiharaInsectariumandMr.HiroyoshiKoNlsHI(IkomaCity) fortheirkindloan
ofRhyncoche11usau1-eus. IammuchindebtedtoDr.Shun-IchiUENo,EmeritusCura-
toroftheNationalScienceMuseum(Nat.Hist),Tokyo,forhisinvaluableguidanceon
thenomenclatura1problemandforhiskindnessofcriticallyreadingthemanuscriptof
thispaper.
nermino1ogy. Themain terminologyandtheabbreviationsusedhereinarethe
sameasthoseexplainedinthepreviouspartsofthisseriesofpapers.
DifferentialDiagnosisofRhyncoc11etlusFAUvEL
andRhyltcltoclteilusSHARP
1. Pronotum obtrapezoida1, rather widely flattened in middle; protarsus much
widenedand foliaceous,muchwider thanapexofprotibia; terminalspursoftib-
iaeveryshort,hardlyvisible;5thsegmentofmaxillarypalpusnothaired;genal
andsubgena1macrosetaeabsent;molartoothofmandiblelargeandwide.......
Rhv,1coche11usFAUvEL
- Pronotumbarrel-shapedtosubcylindrica1andstronglyconvexasawhole;protarsus
less widenedandsub-oblong, alittlenarrower thanapex ofprotibia; terminal
spursof tibiaelong,distinctlyvisible;5thsegmentofmaxillary palpushaired;
genal andsubgena1macrosetaebasicallypresent;molar toothofmandiblesmall
Ss andnarrow f1ync/1ocﾍelf1l HARP
GenusR◆tfJ,'ncocheihlsFAUvEL
(Figs.l-22)
FAUvEL,1882,RevueEnt.,Caen,1:211. - BLAcKwELDER, l952,Bull.U.S.natn.Mus.,200:341.
Typespecies:StaphylimtsaurousFABRIcIUs(typearea:Siam).
Body thick,wide, robust, rather flattenedabove, coveredwith conspicuousto-
mentumandrathershiny.
Head (Fig 4) large, wide, subtrapezoida1(seemingly subtriangular including
labrum),widenedposteria roundedat hindangles, feeblyemarginateatbase, feebly
convexabove;surfacedenselyandminutelypuncturedondorsum,withdensepubes-
cence;neck thick,muchwider thanhalfthewidthofhead.Antennae(Fig 5) filiform,
rather long,withbasal4segmentspolishedbut4thsegmentweaklyso.Eyeslargein
size,stronglyconvex,alittleshorterthanpostgenae.Chaetotaxyofheadcomposedof
StudiesontheAsianStaphylininae,IV 555
1・
l
Fjgs.1-3. Rh、・,Ieee/let/usatl1-eils(FABRlclUs);1,habitus,holotype,female;2,labelattachedtotheholo-
type;3,habitus,male.
5pairsofmacrosetae,viz.,supra-antennal,supraorbital,postgena1,occipitalandinfra-
orbitalmacrosetae,supraorbitalandoccipitalonessometimesaccompaniedwithone
ortwolongsetae,theoccipitalmacrosetaesituatedbeforepostgena1ones;genal,front
marginalandsubgena1macrosetaereduce(i,imperceptible,butthe frontmarginalone
israrelypresentandmat-developed.
Subgenaerather at,minutely reticule-cribrateasminutepunctures, finely and
sparselypunctured,withpubescence.Infragena11ineabsent.
Mandibles(Figs 6&7)longandrobust,stronglycurvedinwards,gentlysoven-
lra(i,narrowlysulcatealonginnermarginofapicalhalfandsharplyedgedattheupper
margin; Ie量mandiblemore strongly curved than the right, bearing 2 large teeth,
namelycanineandmolar, thecaninetoothlargeand long,acuteat thetip,andthe
molartoothverylarge,wideandsubquadrate,rectangularatthedistalangle,sharply
protuberantattheproximalangleasasmalltooth;rightmandiblebearingalarge,wide
andsubquadratemolartooth,whichissharplyprotuberantat thedistalandproximal
556 YasuhikoHAYAsH
angles.
Labrum(Fig 8)verylong,wide,andcompletelybilobed;eachlobesubtriangular,
largely rounded at antero-1atera1margin, weakly convex, weakly and vermicularly
roughene sparselypuncturedwithlongstiffpubescence, fringedwithrathershort
anddensepubescenceatanteriormargin,bearingabout6longsetaealonginnerhalf
ofanteriormargin.
Galea(Fig 9)gentlydilateddista denselypubescentondistal lobewithaseta
near base, thepubescencebeingseparateddorsally and ventrally;proximal sclerite
subtrapezoidal,smooth,verysparselypubescentwithafewfinepubescenceatapical
anglebutwithout terminalspine.Laciniawide,subtriangularanddenselypubescent
oninner three-fifths.Maxillarypalpi(Fig 9)elongate;1stsegmentveryshort, feebly
arcuate,slightly longerthanwide,withafinesetaatapex;2ndlong,gentlythickened
apica feeblycurve withseveralsetaeofvariouslengthinapicalportion, thinand
verysparsepubescenceinmiddle;3rdsubclavate,slenderatbase, rapidly thickened
apicad frombasalthird,slightly longerandthicker than2n weaklycurved,bearing
severalsetaeofvariouslengthmainlyonapicalhalf(muchmoreinthenumber than
thoseon2nd);4thglabrous,subfusiform,straight, truncateatapex,alittleslenderer
than2ndandnearlyaslongas3rd.
Labialpalpi(Fig.10)elongate;1stsegmentstraight,muchlongerthanwide,gent-
lythickenedapica withtwelveormorelongerectsetaeofvariouslengthexceptbasal
portion;2ndstraight,gentlythickenedapica nearly as longasandslightlythicker
than1st,withseveral longsetaemainlyonapicalhalfandwithafewshortandthin
setaenearbaseandonlateralside;3rdsubfusiform,longer thanwide,alittleshorter
andslendererthan2n withsparsestiffpubescenceofvariouslength.Ligulalongand
wide, widely excisedat apex in two lobes, deeply impressedmedially, each lobe
fringedwithpubescenceatapicalmarginandsparselypubescentonventral face.Para-
glossaelongandwide,roundedateachtip,reachingthemiddleof2ndsegmentof
labialpalpus,combedwithdensethinsetaeateachinnermarginanddenselypubes-
centdorsally.Prementumsubpentagona1,ratherlong,nearlyaslongaswideandfinely
depressedmedially.
Mentum(Fig.10)veryshort,ratherweaklysclerotize feeblyemarginateat front
margin,withalongerectsetainsideeach frontcorner.Submentumroundlydepressed
inthemiddle,withseveral longerectsetaeanda fewthinshortsetae.Mental fossae
sharplycarinatealonghindborder.Gularsutureverynarrowlyseparated.
Pronotum(Figs 4,11&12)obtrapezoida1,transverse,moreorlessnarrowerthan
head,muchnarrowerandshorterthanelytra,nearlystraightlynarrowedposteriad;disc
weaklyconvex,withdense,umbilicateandrathersmallpunctureswithlongtomentose
pubescence;medianlinenarrowandweaklyconvex, irregularly impunctate;anterior
comerstronglyandsubtriangularlyexpandedlaterad,andsuperiorlateral lineinvisible
indorsal view,unitedwithinferior lateral lineataboutthelevel ofanterior two-fifths
ofthesidesinventralview,sothatthehypomeronisnarrowandsmall;anteriorcorner
conspicuouslywidelyprotrudentlateradinventralview,sothattheanteriormarginis
StudiesontheAsianStaphylininae,IV 557
Rhyncochellusaurous(FABRlc1us). - 4,Head,pronotumandelytrawithChaeOt taXyof
Figs 4_8
setaejnmale(al:antero-lateral,am:antero-margina1,h:humeral,io:infraorbital,lb:latero-baSa1,mi:
mid_lateral,o:occipital,pg:post-genal,pl:post-lateral,ps:parascute1lar,sa:supra-antennal,andso:
supraorbjta1macrosetae;acs:setaonanteriorcornerand1ms:intermedia1setae);5,antenna;6,left
mandible(m:molar);7,rightmandible(c:canineandm:molar);8,labrum.
558 YasuhikoHAYAsH1
Figs. 9-10. Rhyncochellusaurous(FABRlclus). - 9,maxilla; 10, labium (m: mentumandpm:pre-
mentum).
visibleonlyinthemiddlehalfindorsalview;chatotaxycomposedof4usualmacrose-
taeand ladditionalmacroseta,viz.antero-marginal,antero-1atera1,mid-lateral,1atero-
basalandante-angularmacrosetae,a fewadditionallongsetaebeingpresentbetween
ante-angularandantero-1atera1macrosetae.Epimeron(=hypomera1projection)absent.
Scutellumlarge,lingulate,roundedatapex;prescutumwelldeveloped.
Elytra(Fig 4)subtrapezoidal,nearlystraightlydilatedposteriadand feeblyemar-
ginateathindmargin,flattened,minutelyandratherdenselypunctured,withstreamings
oftomentosepubescence;suturalspacenarrowlyconvexbutobscurelydelimite(i,para-
suturallinenotimpressed.Macrosetaeformingratherunderdevelopedchaetotaxy,thin
andnotsolong;humeral,mid-lateralandpost-lateralmacrosetaewellrecognize but
theparascute1larmacrosetaearereduce barelyperceptiblefardistantfromscutellum,
eachmacrosetaesometimesaccompaniedwithoneortwosetae;several longsetae
(similarinsizetomacrosetae)arrangedlongitudinallyininnermidarea.
Prosternum(Figs. ll &12)rather attened,moderatelylong,widelytransversely
convexinmiddle,withoutapairofmacrosetaeatthemiddlebutwithafewdarkpoor
longsetaeinamiddletransverserowandnotcarinatemedially; lateralbordershort,
boundedwithanteriorangleofpronotum;presternal fossaedeep;presternalprocess
slightlyconvexandroundedatthetip.Furcastemumshort,notcarinatemedially.
Mesosternum(Fig.13)transverselysubrhomboida1,reflexedlaterally, feeblycon-
vex inmiddle,sparselyandminutelypuncturedwithlongpubescence,widelyrounded
StudiesontheAsianStaphylininae,IV 559
atposteriorangle; intersterna1pieceveryshallowlysunken.Mesocoxaewidelysepa-
rated.
Abdomenverywide,subpara11e1-side 3rdto6thsegmentsshallowlydepressed
dorso-ventra11yateachbase,finelyanddenselypuncturedwithtomentosepubescence;
4thto7thsterniteseachwithseveralbareroundspots,eachspotbearingabristleatthe
centre;male7thsternite(Fig.14) feeblyemarginateinthemiddleofhindmargin;
male8thsternite(Fig.14)widelyroundlyemarginateinthemiddleofhindmargin;
male lothtergite(Fig.15)subtriangular,notsetose;9thsternite(Fig. l6)rathernar-
row,deeplyandwidelyemarginateatapex. In female,8thsterniteslightlyemarginate
athjndmargin;10thtergite(Fig.17)subtriangular,notprolongedlaterallyatbase;2nd
gonocoxite(Fig. l8)thickandrelativelyshort,notsetosebutwithlongstiffpubes-
cenceofvariouslengthatapicalportion,andminutestyluswithafewfineandweak
setaeofvariouslengthatapex.
Legsmoderatelylong,forelegsstout,mid-andhindlegsslender;tibiaenotspin-
ous,terminalspursveryshort,hardlyvisible;protibiae(Fig.19)moderatelythickened
apjcadasusual,meso-andmetatibiaeelongateandfeeblycurved;protarsi(Fig.19)
stronglydilatedandpatellateinbasal4segments,gentlynarrowedapica much wider
thanapexofprotibiaandwithagar-likedensehairsonplanta,5thsegmentflat,short,
nearlyaslongas4thandinvaginatedinto4th;metatarsi(Fig20)with1stsegmentdis-
tinctlylongerthanthefollowing2segmentscombinedandnearlyaslongas5th,2nd
to4thsegmentseachseeminglybilobed;empodia1setaepaired,generallyabouttwo-
thirdsaslongasclawbutrathervariableinlength.
Malegenjtalja(Figs 21&22) elongate,subpara11e1-sidedandasymmetrical;
penissubcylindrica1;parameresuni1obe inclinedtotheleft,narrowedaPica with
numerouspeg-setaeonapicalportionofinnerface.
ThisgenusismorecloselyrelatedtothegenusPhytolinusSHARPthanto
Notes.
thegenusRhynchocheilusSHARPinthefollowingcharacteristics: inboththefo「me「
twogenera,the4thsegmentofthemaxillarypalpusisglabrous,the3rdSegmentof
labja1palpusiselongateandnearlyaslongasthe2nd,structuresofthemolarteethand
oftheprotarsiareverysmi ilartoeachother,andatleastterminalspursoftheP「otibiae
arehardlyvisible.
Rhyncocheilusaurous(FABRICIUS)
(Figs.1-22)
staphylinusau,-eusFABR1cIus,1787,Mant.Ins.,1:219. - 0LIVEIR,l794,Ent.III,42:7,t・2,f・1・ -
KRAATz,1859,Arch.Naturg.,25:74.
palaest,・jnus(?)au・,eus:ERlcHsoN,1839-'40,Gen.Spec.Staph.,344・
Rhyncocheihsl au,-eus:FAUvEL, l882,RevueEnt.,Caen,1:211. - BLACKWELDER,1952,Bull・U・S・
natn.Mus.,200:341.
Rhyncoche11usau1・eus:BERNHAUER&SCHUBERT,1914.ColeOPt.Ca・t,(57):394・
Rhyncochjlusaurous:CAMERON,1932,Fn.Brit.India,Coleopt.StaphylinidaeIII,225-226・
560 YasuhikoHAYAsH]
Descriptionofthetypespecimen.
Female. Bodythick,robust,gentlyconvexabove, fairlyshiny,mainlycovered
withyellowishgoldenpubescencein forebodyandwithwhitishgoldenpubescencein
hindbody;hea pronotumandelytralight reddishyellow,withafew indistinctob-
scurepatcheshereandthere; labrumandpalpi yellowishbrown, the formercovered
with longand sparsegoldenpubescence,mandibles andmaxillaepitchy; antennae
withbasal2segmentsyellowishbrownandtheirapicalhalvesinfuscate,thefollowing
segmentslost;prosternum,inflexedsidesofpronotum,abdomen,coxaeandtibiaeex-
cept fortheapicesblackish;scutellumyellowishbrownwithalarge,blackandsubova1
markinhindpart;metasternumreddishyellowanddenselycoveredwithlong,shiny
goldenpubescence;3rdand4thtergitesofabdomenyellowishbrownatsidesandhind
margins,denselycoveredwithlongwhitishgoldenpubescenceexcept forbothsidesof
themiddle and peri-spilacular portions; 5th tergitedensely coveredwithwhitish
goldenpubescenceonbothlateralsidesanddenseblackonesinmiddle;6thand8th
segmentscoveredwithdenseblackishbrowntoblackishpubescence,buteachsternite
withpatchesofscantysilverywhitepubescenceatsidesandthemiddle;7th tergite
Figs. 11-18. Rhytlcocheilusaurous(FABRIcIUs). - 11,Ventralviewofprothorax(aa:apjcalangle,ac:
anteriorcorner;am:apicalmargin,fs:furcasternum,111:inferiorlateralline,pst:prosternumandsit:
Superiorlateralline);12,ditto,obliqueview(seeFig 4);13,mesosternum;14,male7thand8thster_
niteSofabdomen;15,ditto,9thsternite;16,male10thtergite;17,gonocoxiteoffemalegenitalseg_
mont;18,female10thtergiteofabdomen.
StudiesontheAsianStaphylininae,IV 561
denselycoveredwithlongsilverywhitepubescenceexcept forapicalarea,with3pairs
ofbarespots;3rdto5thsternitesofabdomenwhollycoveredwithdense,longandsil-
verywhitepubescence,3rdsternitewithapairofbarespots,4thwith5pairsand5th
withabout10pairsofsimilarones,7thsterniterathersparselycoveredwithlongsil-
verywhitepubescenceandwith8pairsofsimilarones,thespotsbeingglabrous,each
bearingalargesetawithitssocket;tibiaeandtarsiyellowishbrown,protibiaeweakly
darkeneddorsad.Length:about20mm(inashrunkstate).
Headsubtrapezoidal,ataglancenotstronglydilatedbehindbecauseofstrongly
convexeyes,nearlystraightatsides,considerablyemarginateatbase,widelyrounded
atbasalangles,a littlewider thanlong(43.0:37.0),alittlewider and longer than
pronotum(43.0:39.0&37.0:31.0);dorsalsurfacegentlyconvexabove,veryshal-
lowlydepressedat the topofvertex,minutelyandverydenselypuncturedbut the
puncturesaremuchsmallerandrathersparseinoccipitalarea.Mandiblesverylong,
nearlythree-fourthsaslongashead.Labrumverylarge,aboutahalfaslongashead.
Eyeslarge,stronglyconvexandaboutthree-fifthsaslongaspostgenae.Antennaewith
basal2segmentsmuchlongerthanwideandeachsegmentwiththefollowingrelative
length: l8.0-10.0, the followingsegments lost.Subgenaenearly attene opaque,
minutelyandsparselypuncturedasonvertexbutmuchmoresparselypubescent;sub-
genalmacrosetaeabsent;mental fossae nelycarinateexcept for inner thirdofeach
posteriormargin.
Pronotumobtrapezoida1,conspicuouslynarrowedbehin muchwider thanlong
(39.0:31.0),nearlytwo-thirdsaslongasandahalfaswideaselytra(39.0:64.0&
31.0:63.0), feeblyarcuateatsides,gentlyconvexandshallowlydepressedatanterior
comer; anteriormargin feeblyemarginate, basal one feeblyarcuate,anteriorangles
simplyrounded,basal angleswidelyso;discfinelyandverydenselypunctured, the
puncturesumbilicateandmuchlargerthanthoseonhead;medianlinenarrow,weakly
convex,irregularlyimpunctateandrunningfromfrontfourthtobase;about2or31on9
additionalsetaepresentalonglateralsidebetweenrespectivemacrosetae.
Elytrasubtrapezoida1,gentlydilatedposteria nearlyaswideaslong, attened,
feeblyarcuateatsides,shallowlyemarginateatapicesandsimplyroundedat latero-
apica1angles;surfaceminutelyandsparselypuncture with rathersparseandshort
pubescence,somewhatunevenandshallowlydepressedhereandthere,thedepressions
eachbearingamacro-orlongsetaatthemiddle; inadditiontooriginalmacroSetae,
severallesslongsetaepresentinmedianareaofelytron.
Abdomenwide,gentlyconvexabove,shallowlydepressedateachbaseof3rdto
6thtergjtes,finelyandcloselypunctured,thepuncturesbecomingsmalto「POSte「Oi「ly
oneachsegmentandalittlelargeronstemitesthanontergites;8thsegmentgentlya一「
cuateatposteriormarginandshallowlyemarginateinthemiddle;parater9iteS「athe「
wideandalmostverticallyerect.
Forelegsthjck,longandrobust,muchlongerthanmid-andhindlegs,whicha「e
slenderandnot long;protibiaethick,clavate,gentlythickenedapicad,weaklyCu「Vcd
wjth1onganddensesuberectpubescenceonunderside;protarsiwithbasal4
ventra
562 YasuhikoHAvAst-Il
20
Figs. 19-22. Rhyncocheilusaule'us(FABRIclus);19,protarsus,male;20,metatarsus,male;21,malegen-
italia,inventralview;22,ditto,lateralview(ps:pegsetae).
segmentsconspicuouslystrongly dilatedandflattened,muchwider than theapexof
protibia,sparselypubescentdorsally,verydenselycoveredwithshortmodifiedpubes-
cenceonthesole,and5thsegmentrathershort,ftat,invaginatedmostlyintodorsumof
4thasinthegenusPhytolinusSHARP,andtheapicalportiononlybeyond4th;meso-
andmetatibiaeeachwith2ndto4thsegmentsapparentlybilobedindorsalview, the
outerlobemuchlongerthantheinnerone;1stsegmentofmetatarsialittlelongerthan
thefollowing2segmentscombined.
Specimenexamined. 1 (holotype), labeled“Staphylinusau1-eusFahr. Mant.
Ins. n. 1”.
Note. Thetypespecimenexaminedonlybearsthespeciesnamelabelasshown
inFig 2withoutanyotherdatalabel.Judgingfromotherfemalespecimens,the10th
ter9iteissubtriangular,bluntattheapex,andthebaseisproducedlaterallyforashort
length.
Ado加iona1dos〔、ript1onofmalespecimen.
Bodyalittleslenderer.Headrelatively longandlessdilatedposteria(i,slightly
wider than long (35:32); eyesmorestrongly convex, less short than postgenae
(12.0:7.0);antennae(Fig 5) longandslender, reachingnearbasalanglesofprone_
tum,gradually thickenedapica(1,1stto5thand11thsegmentsdistinctly longer than
Wide,6thnearlyaslongaswide,7thto10thalittletransverse,11thsegmententirely
whitishandeachsegmentwith the followingrelativelength:25.0_14.0_23.0_13.0_
