Studies on seasonal incidence of insect- pests of guava and eco-friendly management of fruit fly

99 Pages·2016·4.06 MB·English

“Studies on seasonal incidence of insect-
pests of guava and eco-friendly
management of fruit fly”

By

CHANDAN KUMAR

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

(ENTOMOLOGY)

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY

BIHAR AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, SABOUR, BHAGALPUR

BIHAR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, SABOUR

BHAGALPUR-813 210 (BIHAR) INDIA

2016
“Studies on seasonal incidence of insect-pests
of guava and eco-friendly management of
fruit fly”

THESIS

SUBMITTED TO THE

BIHAR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, SABOUR, BHAGALPUR IN PARTIAL

FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMETS FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

(ENTOMOLOGY)

BY

CHANDAN KUMAR

REGISTRATION NO.: M/ENTO/188/BAC/2014-15

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY

BIHAR AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, SABOUR, BHAGALPUR

BIHAR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, SABOUR

BHAGALPUR-813 210 (BIHAR) INDIA

2016
Dedicated To My Beloved
Parents

Chandan…
BIHAR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERsrn',
SABOUR, BHAGALPUR - 813 210 (BIHAR}I
Dr. S. N. Ray
Department of Entomology
Bihar Agricultural College,
Sr. Scientist and Chairman
Sabour, Bhagalpur -813 210
Date_ ___
CERTIFICATE-I
This is to certify that the thesis entitled "Studies on seasonal incidence
of insect-pesu and pollinators in guava and eco-friendly management of
fruit fly" submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of Master of Science (Agriculture) in the subject of
Entomology, faculty of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
(Bhagalpur), Bihar, is a genuine record of bonafide research work carried out
by Mr. Chandan Kumar under my guidance and supervision. No part of the
thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma.
It is further certified that such help or information received
during the course of this investigation and 'preparation of the thesis have
been fully acknowledged.
~-/{,
(S. N. Ray)
CHAJRMAN
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
CERTIFICATE-II
We, the undersigned members of the Advisory Committee of Mr.
Chandan Kumar, Reg. No.- M/Ento/188/BAC/2014-2015, a candidate for
the degree of Master of Science (Agriculture) in Entomology, have
gone through the manuscript of the thesis and agreed that the thesis
entitled"Studies on seasonal incidence of insect-pest,, and pollinators in
guava and eco-friendly management of fruit fly" may be submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the de~
(S.N. ~D~/b
Chairman
Advisory Committee
Endorsed: Lw-- ~h
Members ...... ·-
-(~([~ ob~v-
1. Dr. T. Saha ..................... .
Chairman Asstt. Prof.-cum- Jr. Scientist
Department of Entomology Depttt. of Entomology
B.A.C., Sabour ,
. \L~~\b
2 . D r. K. ir an K umar1 ....................
Yo.
Asstt. Prof. cum-Jr. Scientist
Depttt. of Entomology
B.A.C., Sabour
3. Dr. Md. Ansar ........................... .
Asstt. Prof. cum-Jr. Scientist
7 Depttt. of Plant Pathology
B.A.C., Sabour
.....
$.h!.~:':': f\}-~ ~
4. Dr. Shirin Akhtar. .
Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Scientist 30 Ob·
Deptt. ofHorti. (Veg.& Flori.)
B.A.C.,Sabour ~
:·:_~ ~?.!.~// b
5. Dr. S. N. Singh ..... ...
Univ. Prof.-cum-Chief Scientist
Deptt. of SMCA
cQl
B.A.C., Sabour .~ \..b
_.~~.:.~.:
6. Dr. Rafat Sultana ••.....••
Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Scientist
Deptt. of PBG
B.A.C., Sabour
(Nominee of Dean PGS)
..
CERTIFICATE-Ill
This is to certify that the thesis entitled "Studies on seasonal incidence
of insect-pest!.and pollinators in guava and eco-friendly management of fruit
fly" submitted by Mr. Chandan Kumar, Reg. No.-M/Ento/188/BAC/2014-2015,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of
Science (Agriculture) in Entomology, faculty of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural
University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, was examined and approved on 09. O&'. !2.~16,
.__ /11;:t~1rrcK
'?'710]_%
,q-~ ~ ~G,
J>r.
(Dr. S. }v1 , k'. .~~1Wf7
Chairman Name and Signature of ExternalExaminer
Advisory Committee
Endorsed:
_J .,..,_ ~l
· -·
Members -r
~:---oq/tfb h"
1. Dr. T. Saha. .................... .
Chairman Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Scientist
Department of Entomology Deptt. of Entomology, BAC, Sabour
'
2. Dr. Kiran Kumari. ... ~~~· lb
Asstt. Prof. cum-Jr. Scientist
Deptt. of Entomology, BAC, Sabour
Assoc. Dean-cum-Principal 3. Dr. Md. Ansar ........................... .
Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour Asstt. Prof. cum-Jr. Scientist
Bhagalpur - 813 210 Deptt. of Plant Pathology, BAC, Sabour
S.hrr.f.n ..... IJ~~~b
4. Dr. Shirin Akhtar. ..
Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Scientist
Deptt. of Horti. (Veg., & flori.), BAC, Sabour
. ~· '11~
... ..
5. Dr. S. N. Smgh ..............~ .1.8
DRI-cum-Dean PGS Univ. Prof.-cum-Chief S 'entist
:;>_
Bihar Agricultural University Deptt. of SMCA, BAC, Sab~ l l
Sabour, Bhagalpur-813 210
"'.~L( ~. \
6. Dr. Rafat Sultana .......... b
Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Scientist .
Deptt. of PBG, BAC, Sabour
(Nominee of Dean PGS)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His
showers of blessings throughout my research work to complete the research successfully.

I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to chairman of my advisory
committee honorable Dr. S. N. Ray, Sr. Scientist & Head& Chairman of Deptt. of
Entomology for his inspiring guidance, unflinching support and constant
encouragement throughout the course of investigation as well as the preparation of this
manuscript. I owe my great devotion, respect and profound gratitude towards him for
his unfailing enthusiasm, encouragement & generous help. He always gave me a patient
hearing, even when he was extremely busy. I take the pride in having been associated
with such a teacher.
My co-advisor, Dr. T. Saha, Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Sci., Deptt. of Entomology,
has been always there to listen and give advice. I am deeply grateful to him for the long
discussions that helped me sort out the technical details of my work. I am also thankful
to him for encouraging the use of correct grammar and consistent notation in my
writings and for carefully reading and commenting on countless revisions of this
manuscript.

With the same spirit, I express my fathomless gratitude to benevolent and ever
generous members of my Advisory Committee, Dr. KiranKumari, Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr.
Sci., Deptt. ofEntomology, Dr. Md. Ansar, Asstt. Prof. cum-Jr. Sci., Deptt. of Plant
Pathology, Dr. Shirin Akhtar, Asst. Prof. cum-Jr. Sci., Deptt. of Hort., Veg. & Flori.,
Dr. S. N. Singh, Univ. Prof. cum Chief Sci., Deptt. of SMCA & Dr. Rafat sultana,
Asstt. Prof-cum-Jr. Sci., (Nominee of the Dean PGS), B.A.C., Sabour, Bhagalpur for
their valuable suggestions, prudent guidance and painstaking interest to going through
the entire manuscript of the thesis.

I place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Nithya Chandran for her
valuable suggestions. I am obliged to Dr. Ramanuj Vishwakarma, Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr.
Sci., Dr. T. N. Goshwami, Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Sci., Dr. Anil, Asst. Prof.-cum-Jr. Sci.,
Dr. Kalmesh Manganvi, Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Sci., Dr. Sanjay Kumar Sharma, Asstt.
Prof.-cum-Jr. Sci. and, Dr. A. K. Maru, Asstt. Prof.-cum-Jr. Sci. for their continuous
support, encouragement & guidance throughout the research work.
My sincere and heartfelt thanks to Dr. Ramashrit Singh, Dr. Rajkishor Kumar,
Dr. Chanda Kushwaha, Dr. Anand Kumar, Dr. Sanjeev Kumar, Dr. Vinay Kumar, Dr.
Sushant, Dr. Y. K. Singh, Dr. Saurav Chaudhary, BAC, Sabour, Bhagalpur for their
learned advice and constant encouragement. Their support has no doubt enabled me to
overcome all the hurdles in my M.Sc. Research work.

I indeed very much obliged to Hon’ble Vice-chancellor BAU, Sabour
(Bhagalpur) Bihar, Dean, (Agriculture), DRI-cum-Dean PGS, BAU, Sabour & Assoc.
Dean-cum-Principal, BAC, Sabour for providing necessary facilities and encouragement
to perform my research work for M. Sc. (Ag.) Degree Programme.
I am equally thankful to staff member (Sri Ajay kumar, Sri Bajrangi yadav, Sri
Shivshankar, Sri Samar Samrendra, Sri Basudeoj Prasad Yadav, and Sri Shiv Sankar)
of Deptt. of Entomology, BAU, Sabour.
I would also like to acknowledge Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour for
financial assistance for successfully conducting my M. Sc (Ag.) research programme.
The help and assistance received from my seniors Mr. Rajendra Kumar Verma,
Mr. Munna Yadav, Mr. Nikhil Kumar, Mr. Niranjan Kumar, Mr. Amit Kumar, Mr.
Pramod Kumar, Ms. Priyanka Kumari, Mr. Rishav Kumar, Mr. Jiterndra Kumar
Maurya, Mr. Kumar Deepak, Mr. Krishna Kumar Maurya, Mr. Amit Mishra, Mr.
Praween Kumar Mishra, Mr. Sudhir Kumar, Mr. Piyush Srivastava, Mr. Ravindra
Singh, Mrs. Neh Kiran, Mr. Ankesh Kumar and Mr. Ramjeet have been duly
acknowledged with respectful thanks. I acknowledge the assistance rendevered by my
friends Santosh Mandal, Vikas Kumar Patel, Puskar, Ashok, Gaurav, Kundan, Alok,
Murari, Ajeet, Chandan, Vishok, Dina Nath, Ravindra, Krishna, Sanjeet, Rajendra,
Nisha, Kiran, Anjali and Milind at opportune moment. My loving thanks to my juniors
Dev Vrat, Maneesh, Gautam, Sohan, Annu, Bipin, Amresh and Bhola Nath for their
co-operation.
It is noble chance to express my deepest and heartiest gratitude to my parents
(Shri Brahamdeo Prasad Singh & Smt. Lalita Sinha) for their courageous and
ambitious thoughts, which made me able to achieve his prodigious. My thanks are not
adequate to repay the tender love that my sister (Kamini Kumari and Divya Rani) and
brother (Tarun Kumar) have filled me with. Thank you all for love and support.
Lastly my thanks goes to everyone who helped me in one way or other and all
those scientist whose published work have been quoted freely in the text of thesis.

Place : (Chandan Kumar)

Date:
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
Bihar Agricultural University
Bihar Agricultural College
Sabour, Bhagalpur-813 210 (Bihar)

Title of the Thesis : Studies on seasonal incidence of insect-pests and pollinators in guava
and eco-friendly management of fruit fly.
Name of the Student : MR. CHANDAN KUMAR
Registration No. : M/ENTO/188/BAC/2014-15)
Major Advisor : Dr. S. N. Ray

ABSTRACT
The Guava (Psidium guajava) belongs to the family of Myrtaceae. It is a very rich source of
vitamin C (Mahmood, 1994). Guava, the “poor man’s fruit” or “apple of the tropics” was a
popular tree fruit of the tropical and subtropical climates. About 80 species of insects have
been recorded on guava trees, affecting yield and quality of fruits. Fruit flies, castor capsule
borer, mealy bug, whiteflies and coccids (scale insects and mealy bugs) are considered as
major pest of guava, while aphids, thrips, cockchafers, stem borers and fruit borers, etc., are
the minor pests (NHM, 2012). The infestation of fruit fly is a major limiting factor in
production of guava. Apart from these pollinators are also playing an important role in the
production of guava. Considering the above background information in view, the present
experiment was undertaken on “Studies on seasonal incidence of insect-pest and pollinators
in guava and eco-friendly management of fruit fly” with the objectives i. To study the
seasonal infestation of insect-pests of guava, ii. To record the diversity and activity of
pollinators in guava and iii. To evaluate different traps for fruit fly management.
The incidence of fruit flies was recorded as high as from second week of June to August and
the peak population was recorded at 32nd standard week (August). Among different species
of Bactrocera, the highest population was recorded with B. dorsalis followed by B. zonata
and B. correcta. The incidence of mealy bug was observed as high as from second fortnight
of January to second fortnight of February, while castor capsule borer peak incidence was
recorded at 49th standard week (December). Regarding diversity of pollinators are
concerned, a total of four species of Apis were observed in the field pollinating the guava
flower namely Little bee, Apis florea; Rock bee, A. dorsata, Italian bee, A. mellifera, Indian
bee, A. cerena indica. In addition to, coccinellid and hover fly were also observed in the
flowers of guava. A. mellifera was recorded as the most abundant pollinator of guava flowers
based on the number of visit observed. The maximum pollinators were visited the guava
flowers during 0700 hr followed by 1000 hr. Three traps viz: Sabour trap, Water trap and
Nomate trap along with untreated control were taken for the management of fruit flies.
Among the traps, Sabour trap performed well as compared to other traps based reduction of
fruit damage both wt. and no. basis and simultaneously obtained highest yield as compared to
others. The highest cost-benefit ratio was obtained with Sabour trap (1:18.71) followed by
water trap (1:8.97).

Dr. S. N. Ray (Chandan Kumar)
(Major Advisor)