Table Of ContentSTUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTERIZATION
OF CUSTARD APPLE (AnnonasquamosaL.) GENOTYPES IN
NORTHERN BASTAR OF CHHATTISGARH
Ph. D. Thesis
By
Jeevan Lal Nag
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
RAIPUR (Chhattisgarh)
2017
STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTERIZATION
OF CUSTARD APPLE (AnnonasquamosaL.) GENOTYPES IN
NORTHERN BASTAR OF CHHATTISGARH
Thesis
Submitted to the
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
by
Jeevan Lal Nag
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THEREQUIREMENTS
FOR THEDEGREE OF
Doctor of Philosophy
in
Agriculture
(Horticulture)
Roll No. 15428 ID No.: Ag/94/13
JANUARY, 2017
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I consider it my privilege in expressing my warmest feelings with deep
sense of gratitude to my Major Advisor and Chairman of the advisory committee
Dr. S. N. Dikshit,Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture,
Raipur (C.G.) for his excellent guidance, enthusiastic interest, valuable
suggestions, plausible appreciation, constant encouragement and healthy criticism
on each and every aspect of this investigation and preparation of this manuscript.
I am extremely grateful to Dr. O.P. Kashyap, Dean Student Welfare,and
Co-Chairman of the advisory committee,IGKV, Raipur, who endowed me with his
invaluable help, full-fledged co-operation and guidance during the period of
investigation.
I am deeply obliged to Dr. Neeraj Shukla, Professor and Head,
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, and Dr. R.R. Saxena,
Professor, Department of Agricultural Statistics and Social Science (Language);
members of my advisory committee, for their inspiring guidance and fruitful
suggestions during the period of research work.
I would like to express my Special thanks to Dr. Nandan Mehta for kind
support and help to complete my research work and making the manscript of my
thesis.
I would like to express my cordial appreciation toDr. Prabhakar
Singh,Professor and Head, Department of Fruit Scinece for this excellent
guidance, valuable suggestion and critical comments during course of this
investigation and providing necessary facilities.
I wish to record my sincere thanks to Dr. S.K. Patil, Hon’ble Vice-
Chancellor, IGKV, Raipur, Dr. J.S. Urkurkar, Director Research Services Dr. S.S.
Shaw, Director of Instructions, Dr. M.P. Thakur, Director Extension Services,
Dr.P.K. Chandrakar,Dean, College of Agricultureand Research Station, Kanker
and Dr. S.S. Rao Dean College of Agriculture, Raipur for their blessings and
necessary facilities provided during the course of my studies.
I am immensely thankful to Dr. Jitendra Singh, Dr. H.G. Sharma, Dr. Vijay
Kumar, Dr. Vijay Jain, Dr. Satish Verma, Dr. Dhananjay Sharma, Dr. Praveen
Sharma, Dr. JitendraTrivedi, Dr. Gaurav Sharma, Dr. Amit Dixit, Dr. L.S. Verma,
Dr. G.L. Sharma, Dr. G.D. Sahu,Shri T. Tirkey, Dr. Sameer, Dr. S. Sharma, Dr.
D.S. Ram, Dr. M.S. Paikara, Dr, RajshreeGayen, Dr. AnnuVerma, Dr.
HemantPanigrahi,Dr, Sanjay Verma, Dr. R.K. Bisen,Dr. Vijay Soni, and other
technical and non-technical staff members of Department of Genetics and Plant
Breeding, for their valuable suggestions, kind cooperation and encouragement
during the course of investigation.
I own my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. (Major) G.K. Shrivastava Professor, Dr.
C.P. Khare, Principal scientist, Dr. G.P. PaliProfessor, Dr. G.K. Das Professor
and Head, Dr. BirbalShau,Programme Coordinator, ShriS.K. Nag, Scientist, and
ShriV.B.Kuruwanshi,Assit, Prof.whose diligent support & help could lead to the
completion of this work.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. M. Pandey (Librarian,
Nehru library, Raipur) and Shri U.K. Watti for giving me there kind help during
my present study.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page No.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix
ABSTRACT x
I INTRODUCTION 1
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7
2.1 Evaluation of genotypes 8
2.2 Flowering behaviour 11
2.3 Assesment of genetic variability 12
2.4 Character association 16
2.5 Genetic divergence 20
2.6 Physico-chemical characters of fruits 23
2.7 Keeping quality (Shelf Life) 25
III MATERIALS AND METHODS 30
3.1 Location and period of experiment 30
3.2 Geographical location 30
3.3 Agro-climatic conditions 31
3.4Experimental soils 31
3.5 Experimental materials 31
3.5.1 Experimental details 35
3.6 Experimental methods 35
3.6.1 Experimental design 35
3.6.2 Cultural practices 35
3.7 Observations recorded on morphological and yield parameters 35
3.8 Observations recorded on chemical composition of fruits 64
3.9Statistical analysis 68
3.9.1 Analysis of variance 69
3.9.2 Variability parameters 70
3.9.3 Variability for PCV and GCV 70
3.9.4 Heritability (broad sense) 71
3.9.5 Genetic advance 72
3.9.6 Genetic advance as percentage of mean 72
3.9.7 Estimates of correlation coefficient 73
3.9.8 Significance of correlations 73
3.9.9 Path coefficient analysis 73
3.9.10 Genetic divergence study 74
3.9.11Average Intra and Inter-Cluster Distances 75
3.9.12Contribution of individual characters towards total 75
divergence
3.10 Visual observation of selected 5 genotypes 77
iii
Chapter Title Page No.
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 83
4.1 Analysis of variance for quantitative traits 83
4.2 Genetic variability 83
4.2.1 Range and mean performance for quantitative traits of 83
fruit yield and its components during the year 2013-14
and 2014-15
4.2.2 Range and mean performance for qualitative traits of 88
fruit yield and its components in custard apple during
the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.2.3 Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation for 90
quantitative traits of fruit yield and its components
during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.2.4 Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation for 93
qualitative traits of fruit yield and its components
during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.3 Heritability and genetic advance 93
4.3.1 Heritability for fruit yield and its components in 94
custard apple for quantitative traits during the year
2013-14 and 2014-15
4.3.2 Heritability for fruit yield and its components in 95
custard apple for qualitative traitsduring the year
2013-14 and 2014-15
4.3.3 Genetic advance for fruit yield and its components in 95
custard apple for quantitative traits during the year
2013-14 and 2014-15
4.3.4 Genetic advance for fruit yield and its components in 96
custard apple for qualitative traits during the year
2013-14 and 2014-15
4.3.5 Genetic advance as percentage of mean for fruit yield 96
and its components in custard apple for quantitative
traits during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.3.6 Genetic advance as percentage of mean for fruit yield 97
and its components in custard apple for qualitative
traits during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.4 Correlation coefficient analysis 101
4.4.1 Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficient for 101
fruit yield and its components in custard apple for
quantitative traits during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.4.2 Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient for 105
fruit yield and its components in custard apple for
qualitative traits during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.5 Path coefficient analysis 107
4.5.1 Path coefficients showing direct and indirect effects of 107
different quantitative traits on fruit yield and its
components during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.5.2 Path coefficients showing direct and indirect effects of 112
different qualitative traits on fruit yield and its
iv
Chapter Title Page No.
components during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.6 Genetic divergence for fruit yield and its components in 120
custard apple
4.6.1 Genetic divergence for fruit yield and its components 120
in custard apple for quantitative traitsin2013-14 and
2014-15
4.6.1.1 Cluster constellation 121
4.6.1.2 Mean performance of cluster wise 121
4.6.1.3 Percent contribution to variation 123
4.6.1.4 Cluster wise promising genotypes for quantitative 125
traits
4.6.2 Genetic divergence for qualitative traits of fruit yield and its 125
components in custard apple during the year 2013-14
and 2014-15
4.6.2.1 Cluster constellation 125
4.6.2.2 Intra and Inter-cluster distances for qualitative 125
traits
4.6.2.3 Percent contribution to variation or mean 127
performance of genotypes for qualitative traits
4.6.2.4 Cluster wise promising genotypes for qualitative 129
traits
V SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION 139
REFERENCES 150
APPENDICES 156
Appendix I 156
Appendix II 157
Appendix III 158
Appendix IV 162
Appendix V 164
Appendix VI 168
Appendix VII 170
Appendix VIII 174
Appendix IX 176
VITA
180
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
3.1 Geographical information about various blocks of District-Kanker 30
3.2 Soil physico-chemical properties of experimental field 34
3.3 Custard apple genotypes used for experimental material 36
3.4 In-situ custard apple genotypes and their location 56
3.5 The skeleton of analysis of variance for randomized complete block
69
design
4.1 Analysis of variance for quantitative traits of fruit yield and its
85
components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.2 Analysis of variance for qualitative traits offruit yield and its
86
components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.3 Genetic parameters of variation for fruit yield and its components in
custard apple for quantitative traits during the year 2013-14 and 2014- 99
15(pooled data)
4.4 Genetic parameters of variation for fruit yield and its components in
custard apple for qualitative traits during the year 2013-14 and 2014- 100
15 (pooled analysis)
4.5 Genotypic (G) correlation coefficients for quantitative traits of fruit
yield and its components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and 114
2014-15
4.6 Phenotypic (P) correlation coefficients for quantitative traits of fruit
yield and its components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and 115
2014-15
4.7 Genotypic path coefficients for quantitative traits of fruit yield and its
116
components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.8 Genotypic (G) correlation coefficients for qualitative traits of fruit 117
yield and its components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and
2014-15
4.9 Phenotypic (P) correlation coefficients for qualitative traits of fruit 118
yield and its components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and
2014-15
4.10 Genotypic path coefficients for qualitative traits of fruit yield and its 119
components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
4.11 Distribution of different clusters for quantitative traits of fruit yield 131
and its components in custard apple during the year 2013-14 and
2014-15
4.12 Intra and Inter-Cluster distances and D2 values among 8 clusters for 132
quantitative traits of fruit yield and its components in custard
appleduring the year 2013-14 and 2014-15
vi
Description:The fruit of custard apple (Annona squamosa) has delicious whitish pulp, and This was derived from the above exercise described at S. No.
