Struggle for National Survival: Chinese Eugenics in a Transnational Context, 1896-1945

206 Pages·2002·3.736 MB·English

by  Yuehsten Juliette Chung

E a s t A s ia
H is t o r y , P o l it ic s , S o c io l o g y ,
C u l t u r e
Ed it e d B y
E d w a r d B e a u c h a m p
Un iv er sit y o f Ha wa ii
A Ro ut l edg e S er ies
East A sia
Histor y, Pol itics, Sociol ogy, Cultur e
Edward Beauchamp, General Editor
Modern Education, Textbooks, and the Self-Reliance or Self-Destruction?
Image of the Nation Success and Failure of the Democratic
Politics and Modernization and People's Republic of Korea's
Nationalism in Korean Education: Development Strategy of Self-Reliance
1880-1910 "juche"
Yoonmi Lee Phillip H. Park
Problems of Democratization in China Third Delight
Thomas G. Lum The Internationalization of Higher
Education in China
The Unknown Cultural Revolution Rui Yang
Educational Reforms and Their Impact
on China's Rural Development, Struggle for National Survival
1966-1976 Eugenics in Sino-japanese Contexts,
Dongping Han 1896-1945
Yuehtsen Juliette Chung
M ao's Prey
The History of Chen Renbing, Liberal Rethinking Japan's Identity and
Intellectual International Role
Jeanette Ford Fernandez An Intercultural Perspective
Susanne Klien
The Roots of Japan's Environmental
Policies Japan's Foreign Policy Maturation
Amy Wong A Quest for Normalcy
Kevin J. Cooney
The Origins of the Bilateral Okinawa
Problem Village, Market and Well-Being in a
Okinawa in Postwar US-japan Rural Chinese Township
Relations, 1945-1952 Tamara Perkins
Robert D. Eldridge
History of Japanese Policies in
South-South Transfer Education Aid to Developing Countries,
A Study of Sino-African Exchanges 1950s-1990s
Sandra Gillespie The Role of the Subgovernmental
Processes
Studying the Enemy Takao Kamibeppu
japan Hands in Republican China and
Their Quest for National Identity Engineering the State
Christiane I. Reinhold The Huai River and Reconstruction in
Nationalist China, 1927-1937
David A. Pietz
St r u g g l e f o r N a t io n a l
S u r v iv a l
Eugenics in Sino-Japanese Contexts,
1896-1945
YUEHTSEN JULIETTE CHUNG
Published in 2002 by
Routledge
29 West 35th Street
New York, NY 10001
Published in Great Britain by
Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane
London EC4P 4EE
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
Copyright © 2002 by Yuehtsen Juliette Chung
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chung, Yuehtsen Juliette.
Struggle for national survival : Chinese eugenics in a transnation-
al context, 1896-1945 / Yuehtsen Juliette Chung,
p. cm.
Inclues bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-415-93366-8
1. Eugenics—China—History. 2. Eugenics—Japan—History.
I. Title.
HQ755.5.C6 C48 2002
363.9'2'0951—dc21 200201 7782
To the memory of
Edward Tzuu Ch'ien
1940-1996

CONTENTS
List of Tables ix
Acknowledgments xi
1.
Introduction 3
Eugenics: A Global Interest 3
Eugenics: Local Signification 11
Concluding Remarks 18
2.
Eugenics and Scientific Disciplines 23
The American Connection and Nazi Connection 24
Transplantation: Medicine and Biology 28
Local Science and Competition Strategy 36
Eugenics and Disciplining Learning 42
Concluding Remarks 50
3.
Lamarckism versu s Mendelism: The Politics of Body and Heredit y 61
Symptoms: National Character and the Eugenicists'
Presentation 63
Diagnosis and Remedies in Eugenic Proposals: Lamarckian
or Mendelian? 70
A. China 71
vii
viii Contents
B. japan 86
Concluding Remarks 97
4.
Birth Control or Sex Control?: Politics of Knowledge
and Reproduction 105
Sexuality versus Morality: Margaret Sanger and the Birth
Control Movement in China and Japan 107
Politics of Reproduction and Knowledge: Women Scientists
and their Lives 119
Concluding Remarks 135
5.
Eugenics in the Second Sino-]apanese War and Population Policies 141
Japanese Eugenicists' Involvement and Population Policy:
Constructing Racial Body and Ethnic Body 143
Chinese Eugenic Solution and Population Policy:
Constructing an Ethnic Nation 156
Conclusion: Postwar Reflections of Two Eugenicists 162
6.
Conclusion: What Can We Learn from Eugenics? 169
7.
Epilogue: The Comeback of Eugenics Discourse 173
Bibliography 179
Index 191
Lis t o f Ta b l e s
1. Individual research projects sponsored by China Foundation 31
2. The locations of research projects of Table 1 (1928-1934) 31