Structures and Architecture : ICSA 2010 - 1st International Conference on STructures and Architecture, July 14-16, 2010 in Guimaraes, Portugal

554 Pages·2010·9.41 MB·English

by  Paulo J Da Sou Cruz

STRUCTURES AND ARCHITECTURE
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURES AND
ARCHITECTURE, ICSA 2010, GUIMARÃES, PORTUGAL, 21–23 JULY 2010
Structures and Architecture
Editor
Paulo J.S. Cruz
School of Architecture, University of Minho, Portugal

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Cover photo
Reproduced with permission
Photographer: Tibor Bognar
Date: May 1998
Location: Montréal, Québec, Canada
Copyright: © Tibor Bognar/Corbis
Description of the building Biosphère Montréal
The symbol of Expo '67, Buckminster Fuller’s sphere is a landmark in the history of contemporary
architecture and the most important building of its kind in the world. Its structure reproduces more
than 97% of a sphere (62.8 metres in height and 76.2 metres in diameter).
The original structure was covered with 1,900 transparent acrylic panels.
The building’s complete transparency created an almost invisible barrier between the inside and the
outside. In 1976, while the structure was being repaired, a fire broke out and completely destroyed the
acrylic skin. Only the tubular frame remained intact.
The outer shell of the Biosphère was awarded to Buckminster Fuller (1895–1983), who called himself
a “comprehensive anticipatory design scientist”, but the design of the US pavilion’s inner structure
was given to Cambridge Seven Associates Inc., a group of Harvard University architecture and design
professors.
The original inner structure consisted of four large platforms divided into seven levels and connected
by escalators, bridges and elevators. During Expo '67, the gigantic structure included a 37.5-metre
(123-foot) escalator. The longest escalator ever built, it was the equivalent of eight floors.
In 1990, Environment Canada signed an agreement with the City of Montreal to convert the struc-
ture into a site devoted to eco-action. Montreal architect Éric Gauthier won an architectural competi-
tion and was commissioned to convert the interior structure in keeping with the original design, in line
with Fuller's avant-garde philosophy: seeking maximum efficiency for minimum effort.
Since its opening in 1995, Environment Canada's Biosphère has been a showcase for environmental
education. As an Environment Museum, the Biosphère raises the awareness of young people and their
families, and the general public about major environmental issues, including those related to water
and climate change, and the sustainable development, through exhibitions, interactive activities and
multimedia presentations.
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Published by: CRC Press/Balkema
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ISBN: 978-0-415-49249-2 (Hbk)
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Structures and Architecture – Cruz (Ed.)
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-49249-2
Table of contents
Preface xxi
Conference organization xxiii
Conference sponsors (as of April 20, 2010) xxvii
Keynote lectures
Architectural values, altruism and innovation in a changing world 3
I. Ritchie
Treatment of the form in structural engineering 7
J. Martínez-Calzón
An ontology of structured space 11
B.N. Sandaker
The architecture of special structures 15
A.J. Reis
Innovative timber constructions 19
Y. Weinand
The changing relationship between architects and structural engineers 21
A.J. Macdonald
Concrete immaterial structures 23
A. Tavares
New trends on membrane and shell structures—Examples of bat-sail
and cushion-belt technologies 25
R. Off
Technical contributions
“Tectonics” in architecture: Between aesthetics and ethics
The morphogenesis of shell structures: A conceptual, computational
and constructional challenge 31
M.A. Chiorino & M. Sassone
Topology optimization in architecture may it be a design tool? 33
L. Frattari, G. Leoni, R. Vadori & R. D’Aria
On the optimal design of shape resistant structures 35
L. Consolini, G.D. Puppa & S. Lenci
Structural optimization vs. shape design 37
P. Trovalusci & A. Tinelli
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Geometrical indeterminacy as a way to structural and architectural performance 39
C. Padoa-Schioppa & S. Pollak
The tectonic of modern materials: Alternatives from Le Corbusier’s work 41
V. Riso
The methods and spatial sensitivity of Italian architects and engineers in the fifties
and sixties 43
A. Muntoni
The P.L. Nervi structural route: From intuition to computation through geometry 45
F. Romeo
Materials, forms and abstract methods in the work of Riccardo Morandi 47
L. Sampò
The structural control of architecture in two works of Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda 49
C. Tocci
Nonlinearity in architecture versus science: Borrowing the lexicon of complexity
or exploiting its powerfulness? 51
G. Rega & V. Settimi
Towards an ethic of construction: The structural conception and the influence
of mathematical language in architectural design 53
P. Trovalusci & R. Panei
Structural design in the architectural design process: Toyo Ito 55
C. Gamboni
Stone-masonry new constructions: Science and history in the service
of beauty and environment 57
G. Salerno, G. Formica, S. Gabriele & V. Varano
An eco-design-oriented multidisciplinary approach in industrial design 61
L. Frattari, R. Vadori & R. D’Aria
Transparent structural materials—glass and plastic
Structural transparency 65
J.-D. Wörner, J. Stahl & C. Eckhardt
Bent architectural glasses: Production, properties, structural behaviour 67
J. Schneider & S. Schula
Detailing with structural glass and steel 69
J.W. Kooymans
Shear behaviour of point fixed glass panels used for building stabilization 71
D. Mocibob, M. Crisinel & J.P. Lebet
Concept, testing and realisation of transparent and sustainable glass double layer grids 73
B. Weller, S. Reich & J. Ebert
Elastic strain energy and failure behaviour of glass elements 75
F.P. Bos
Transparent glass-Vierendeel roof 77
B. Weller, S. Reich & J. Ebert
Fly bubble, fly 79
B. Franken
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Plastic materials in façade applications 81
T. Ries
Detailing of structural elements with thermoplastics 83
C. Eckhardt & J. Stahl
Plexiglas spatial experiment—90 years of the Bauhaus 85
T. Boettger
Innovations in PMMA design 87
J. Stahl & C. Eckhardt
Damages in glass/plastic- and hybrid structures and respective conclusions 89
J.-D. Wörner
SentryGlas®—High-performance laminated glass for structural efficient glazing 91
I. Stelzer
Scaling up SentryGlas-laminated reinforced glass beams 93
P.C. Louter, J. Belis & F.A. Veer
Hybrid structural elements made of glass and polycarbonate 95
B. Weller & K. Härth
Adhesively bonded hybrid steel-glass beams 97
M. Netusil & M. Eliasova
Development of a super slim façade system for InHolland Polytechnic, Delft 99
M. Eekhout & P. van de Rotten
Timber construction
Better than steel? The use of timber for large and tall buildings from ancient times
until the present 103
R. Langenbach
Pushing the limits of platform frame wood construction 105
C. Ni, M. Popovski & E. Karacabeyli
Development of fireproof glued-laminated timber for use in medium-rise buildings
in Japan 107
T. Harada, D. Kamikawa, K. Miyamoto, T. Ohuchi, M. Miyabayashi,
K. Ando & N. Hattori
Design guidelines for an 8-storey hybrid wood-concrete multi-family building 109
S. Gagnon, W. Munoz, M. Mohammad & K.D. Below

A case study of a 6-storey hybrid wood-concrete office building in Québec, Canada 111
S. Gagnon & S. Rivest
Vertical relative displacements in a medium-rise CLT-building 113
E. Serrano, B. Enquist & J. Vessby
A study of cross-lamination of a multi-component liquid-retaining
timber structure 115
N.J. Savage, A. Kermani & H. Zhang
Verification processes for cross laminated timber in the frame of EN 1995 117
R.A. Joebstl
On the architectural qualities of cross laminated timber 119
A.K. Bejder, P.H. Kirkegaard & A.M. Fisker
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Vibration properties of cross laminated timber floors 121
N. Labonnote & K.A. Malo
Failure studies carried out in Europe and a proposal for a standardized
failure template 123
T. Toratti
Moisture-induced stresses in timber-concrete composite structures 125
M. Fragiacomo & J. Schänzlin
Stress analysis of timber structures under variable humidity conditions by using
a multi-Fickian moisture transfer model 127
S. Fortino, T. Toratti & A.L. Mendicino
Robustness evaluation of timber structures—Results from EU COST
Action E55:WG3 129
P.H. Kirkegaard, J.D. Sørensen, D. Čizmar & P. Dietsch
Robustness analysis of big span glulam truss structure 131
V. Rajčić, D. Čizmar, P.H. Kirkegaard & J.D. Sørensen
Steel structures
The steel construction of XIXth century: An exceptional case study 135
C.B. Cestari & S. Invernizzi
Steel interventions in preexistent buildings: Case studies on interfaces 137
C.A. Moraes & L.F.L. Ribeiro
Evolution of Spanish industrialized steel technologies for school buildings 139
O. Pons
Steel detailing and collaboration: A global perspective 141
K. Simonen
Steel tubular structures and connections in architecture of China—New application
and technologies 143
W. Wang
Tubular structure for the “nearly ninety” dance scenography 145
J. Martínez-Calzón & B.M. Encinas Maldonado
Masts and towers 147
U. Støttrup-Andersen & M.G. Nielsen
Transformable architectural structures 149
N.F. Afshar & M. Hosseyni-Amir
Behaviour of steel shear wall systems with cut-outs and stiffeners 151
A. Maleki, T. Donchev, H. Hadavinia & A. Cheah
Improved design model for thin-walled cold-formed purlins continuously connected
to sandwich panel roofing 153
M. Georgescu & V. Ungureanu
Optimizing of human induced vibration performance of lightweight
steel floors 155
W. Rack & J. Lange
Carrasco International Airport. Architects, engineers and steel structure 157
H.M. Ruffo & J. Gomez
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Design of cold-formed steel curved panels 159
P. Casariego, M. Casafont, M. Ferrer & F. Marimón
Tubular structures for the Seville April Fair. A complex geometry exercise 161
M.T. Rodríguez-León, F. Escrig-Pallarés & J. Sánchez-Sánchez
Stability of single layered grid shells with various connectors 163
K.J. Hwang & J. Knippers
Update of steel connection data bank 165
M. Komuro, N. Kishi & W.F. Chen
Case study: The supporting steel structure of the ice rink—city
of Tg. Mureş, Romania 167
Zs. Nagy, C. Câmpian, M. Cristuţiu & I. Benke
Reliability assessment of industrial heritage structures and application
to a light-weight steel roof 169
M. Sykora, M. Holicky, K. Jung, J. Markova, K. Kvaal & T.K. Thiis
Robustness performance of seismic resistant building frames under abnormal loads 171
F. Dinu, D. Dubina & A. Ciutina
Elasto-plastic FE analysis on hysteretic moment-rotation behavior
of top- and seat-angle connections 173
N. Kishi, M. Komuro & W.F. Chen
Mechanical behavior of a ferritic stainless steel under simple and complex
loading paths 175
B. Rossi & J.-P. Jaspart
Analysis of some selected types of joints in lattice structures 177
V. Kvočák, P. Beke & N. Hočóvá
Complex forms and form-finding
Process and form 181
M.G. Fineout, R. Stephens & M. Bacellar
Form and structure in engineering and visual arts 183
J.M. Songel
Form and structure, the teamwork between Arne Jacobsen and M. Folmer Andersen 185
Y.O. Sanz
Free-form design: From facetted to smooth double-curvature envelopes 187
N. Baldassini & J. Raynaud
Origami—geometry of folded plate structures 189
H. Buri & Y. Weinand
Engineering free form: Spanish Pavilion for the Expo 2010 in Shanghai 191
J. Martínez-Calzón & C. Castañón-Jiménez
Evolutionary form-finding—conception of effective structures by means
of interactive patterns 193
J. Stratil
Optimization of structural form using a genetic algorithm to search associative
parametric geometry 195
P. von Buelow, A. Falk & M. Turrin
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From free-form structures to natural lighting—how engineering innovation pushes
the limits of architecture 197
V. Schmid
An iterative surface model for timber construction 199
G. Gouaty, I. Stotz, Y. Weinand & E. Tosan
Canadian museum for human rights, Winnipeg 201
B.D. Charnish & N. Erakovic
Followings natural patterns to unite architecture and structure 203
P. Shirazpur, G. Yunesi & S. Yaghmaeian
Innovative architectural and structural design
Architectural structural schemes 207
N. Baldassini
Cable stayed cathedral ceiling 209
T. Sass
Designing light columns: A quantitative tool 211
T. Vilquin
Direct and reverse shaping structures according to the flow of forces 213
R. Tarczewsk & W. Bober
Dual structures towards kinetic adaptability for earthquake resistance 215
T.L. Sophocleous & M.C. Phocas
Eladio Dieste; ‘resistance through form’ 217
R. Pedreschi & D. Theodossopoulos
Engineering stadia roof forms 219
F. McCormick
Heinz Isler’s shells—a lasting legacy 221
J.C. Chilton
Myron Goldsmith: The development of the diagonally braced tube 223
M.J. Neveu & E.P. Saliklis
Narrative structures 225
E. Castro e Costa
Structural design process of the doubly curved Heysel canopy 227
K. Verbeeck & L. Ney
Structural design procedures to support the development of innovative
architectural structures 229
S.G. Reid
Structural robustness as an innovative design concept 231
M. Sykora & M. Holicky
On deployable reciprocal frames: From the mathematical description
to the architectural applications 233
M. Sassone & D. Parigi
Early Christian cemetery complex Sopianae/Pécs Hungary 235
T. Molnár & B. Bachmann
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Filigree constructions vs solid constructions. The relationship between structure
and architecture in the contemporary age 237
R. Corrao & L. Pastre
Structural design of the Rogier conic shell canopy 239
K. Verbeeck & L. Ney
Interdisciplinary work and educating architects and structural engineers
Teaching structures to architecture students: Examples from bridge design 243
A. Berk & A.I. Unay
Educating structural engineers and architects together at the University
of Sheffield—10 years on 245
J.B. Davison, A. Tyas, O. Popovic-Larsen & T. Carter
A case study on collaboration within multidisciplinary teamwork 247
A.S. Dederichs, J. Karlshøj & K.D. Hertz
Let’s (re)start from the beginning: Structures and architecture—back to school 249
R. Rapaport & R. Frances
Breaking stuff: A no frills approach to haptic learning in structures classes 251
K. Dong & T. Leslie
Interactive “self-learning” cost estimation assistant for the design
of “form-active” structures 253
R. Wehdorn-Roithmayr & N. Kim
Collaborative teaching to create integrated building envelopes 255
K. Dong & J. Doerfler
Get the form right! Teaching structural design to architects 257
R.J. Dermody
An equilibrium approach on a structural scale to structural design 259
D. Zastavni
The interdisciplinary design studio: Understanding collaboration 261
K. Dong & J. Doerfler
Updating the architectural and engineering curricula for the integrated age 263
P. Kassabian & A. Watson
Special projects in architectural structures 265
R.E. Shaeffer
Tall buildings
Structures and architecture in tall buildings 269
K.S. Moon
Torre Reforma—an innovative tower design in Mexico City 271
D.N. Grant, R. Pittella, M. Tavolaro & I. Kourakis
Zerozero tower for the new Telefónica headquarters in Barcelona 273
J. Martínez-Calzón & L. Ceriani
Optimum design of steel diagrid structures for tall buildings 275
K.S. Moon
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