Table Of ContentSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ROOTS
Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences
VOLUME 58
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Structure and Function of Roots
Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on
Structure and Function of Roots,
June 20-26, 1993, Stara Lesna, Slovakia
Edited by
F. BALUSKA, M. CIAMPOROV A, O. GASPARfKOV Aa nd P. W. BARLOW
Partly reprinted from Plant and Soil, Volume 167, No.1 (1994)
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from
the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-4402-0 ISBN 978-94-017-3101-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3101-0
Printed on acid-free papers
All Rights Reserved
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without written permission from the copyright
owner.
Contents
Preface IX
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF ROOT
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
*
1. Structure and function at the root apex - phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives on apical cells
and quiescent centres
P. W. Barlow 3
2. The origin of the basal part of the embryo root in Brassica napus L. and its role in growth of early
seedlings
T. Tykarska and M. Kuras 19
*3. Radicle of Echinocactus platyacanthus (Cactaceae)
A. Lux, M. Mikus, Z. Hanackova, J. Kristin 27
4. The relation between cell size, chromosome length and the orientation of chromosomes in
dividing root cortex cells
J.L. Oud, N. Nanninga 33
*5. Importance of the post-mitotic isodiametric growth (PIG) region for growth and development of
roots
F. Baluska, P.W. Barlow, S. Kubica 41
*6. The completion of cell proliferation and growth in wheat radicle
N.P. Demchenko 53
7. Structural basis of root hair formation: Early development of trichoblasts and atrichoblasts
D. Volkmann and P. Peters 61
8. The relationship between growth, nucleus migration and cytoskeleton in root hairs of radish
S. Sato, Y. Ogasawara and S. Sakuragi 69
9. Morphology and anatomy of rice roots with special reference to coordination in organo- and
histogenesis
S. Morita and K Nemoto 75
10. The localization of ~-glucuronidase in roots of transgenic sugar beet by means of azocoupling
procedure
K Benes, S. Vitha, KM.A. Gartland and M.C. Elliott 87
*
Chapters indicated with an asterisk are reprinted from Plant and Soil, Volume 167, No. 1. (1994).
VI Contents
11. Effect of gibberellin and ancymidol on the growth and cell wall components of pea (Pisum
sativum L.) roots
E. Tanimoto 91
12. Structural and physiological characteristics of the tap root of Smyrnium perfoliatum L. (Apiaceae)
A Lux, E. Masarovicova and Roman Olah 99
*13. Increased root length and branching in cotton by soil application of the plant growth regulator
PGR-IV
D.M. Oosterhuis, D. Zhao 107
14. Modelling of the branching process of the root system of young oil palm seedlings. A markovian
approach
C. Jourdan, H. Rey and Y. Guedon 113
ABSORPTION, TRANSPORT AND
UTILIZATION OF IONS
*15. Effects of vanadate on the ATP content, ATPase activity and phosphate absorption capacity of
maize roots
J. Sklenar, G.G. Fox, B.C. Loughman, AD.B. Pannifer, R.G. Ratcliffe 123
*
16. Ion permeability of maize root membrane vesicles: Studies with light scattering
J. Sklenar, B.C. Loughman 129
17. The role of plasma membrane-bound activities in nitrate transport into sealed plasma membrane
vesicles from Cucumis sativus L. roots
G. Klobus 133
18. Influence of constant nitrate concentration on N uptake and growth of wheat
F. Devienne and B. Mary 141
*19. Al avoidance and Al tolerance of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis: Effects of a heterogeneous root
environment and the nitrogen form in the root environment
K. Hairiah, I. Stulen, M. van Noordwijk, P.I.C. Kuiper 149
20. Phosphate transfer in V A mycorrhizas. Special mechanisms or not?
F.A. Smith, S. Dickson, C. Morris, R.I. Reid, M. Tester and S.E. Smith 155
21. Phosphatase induction under stress conditions in wheat
A SzabO-Nagy and L. Erdei 163
22. Changes in respiration and ultrastructure of radicle mitochondria during early germination in
isolated wheat embryos
O. Gasparikova, T. Psenakova, M. Ciamporova, I. Haviarova, M. Luxova and S. Kasiarova 169
23. Comparison of phytate in radicle, plumule, scutellum and endosperm of Zea mays and Zea
dipioperennis seeds
M. Mikus, A Lux, D. C. Crans, P. K. Shin and J. Kristin 175
Contents vn
24. The effect of vanadate on growth and phospholipid levels in the root and hypocotyl of bean
seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
M. Mikus, P. K. Shin and D. C. Crans 181
*25. Distribution of soil invertase in relation to the root systems of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and
Acer pseudoplatanus L. during development of young plants
D. Vaughan, B.G. Ord, S.T. Buckland, E.!. Duff, C.D. Campbell 189
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT
OF WATER
*26. Water transport across roots
E. Steudle 197
27. Hydrostatic and osmotic hydraulic conductivities and reflection coefficients of onion (Allium cepa
L.) roots
W. Melchior and E. Steudle 209
*28. Root hydraulic properties of spruce measured with the pressure probe
S.W. Hallgren, M. Rtidinger, E. Steudle 215
29. The development of melon roots under trickle irrigation: Effects of the location of the emitters
U. Shani, Y. Waisel and A. Eshel 223
ROOT -SHOOT INTERACTIONS
30. Effects of nitrogen source, nitrate concentration and salt stress on element and ion concentrations
in transport fluids and on C and N flows in Ricinus communis L.
A. D. Peuke and W. D. Jeschke 229
31. Abscisic acid in the ear of winter wheat: Transport from the roots, the leaves, or biosynthesis in
situ?
V. Borkovec and S. Prochazka 237
*32. Hormones and root-shoot relationships in flooded plants - an analysis of methods and results
M.B. Jackson, P.A. Attwood, R.W. Brailsford, D. Coupland, M.A. Else, PJ. English, J.E.
Summers 243
33. Translocation of nutritional and growth regulating substances in vitro to the developing roots and
shoots of cucumber explants
E. Abbas, V. Borkovec, S. Prochazka and L. Havel 253
*34. Root respiration and its importance for the carbon balance of beech saplings (Fagus sylvatica L.)
in a montane beech forest
D. Gansert 257
VIII Contents
ROOTS UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS
*35. Impact of the exodermis on infection of roots by Fusarium culmorum
S.A. Kamula, C.A. Peterson, C.L Mayfield 271
*36. Ultrastructural responses of root caps to the herbicides chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron methyl
K.A. Fayez, 1. Gerken, U. Kristen 277
*37. Biophysics of the growth responses of pea roots to changes in penetration resistance
A.G. Bengough, C.J. MacKenzie, H.E. Elangwe 285
38. Tolerance of meristematic root cells to desiccation in seeds; protection of the nucleus
D. Chiatante 293
39. Inhibition of root growth by salinity stress: toxicity or an adaptive biophysical response?
P. M. Neumann 299
*40. Distribution of calcium in tomato plants in response to heat stress and plant growth regulators
Z. Starck, A. Siwiec, D. Chotuj 305
*41. Safety zone as a barrier to root-shoot ice propagation
J. Zamecnfk, J. Bieblova, M. Grospietsch 311
*42. The binding of zinc, but not cadmium, by phytic acid in roots of crop plants
RF.M. van Steveninck, A. Babare, D.R Fernando, M.E. van Steveninck 319
*43. Differences in the metabolic responses of root tips of wheat and rye to aluminium stress
J.J. Slaski 327
44. Phytohormonallevels in spruce roots under aluminium stress
R Ciikova 335
*45. Distribution of root biomass and length in Picea abies ecosystem under different immission
regimes
M. Kodrfk 341
46. Sporocarp succession of mycorrhizal fungi in the Norway spruce plantations in formerly agricul
turalland
J. Gaper and P. Lizon 349
F. BaiuSka et ai. (eds.), Structure and Function of Roots, IX, 1995.
Preface
In 1971, the late Dr. J. Kolek of the Institute of Botany, Bratislava, organized the first International Symposium
devoted exclusively to plant roots. At that time, perhaps only a few of the participants, gathered together in
Tatranska Lomnica, sensed that a new era of root meetings was beginning. Nevertheless, it is now clear that Dr.
Kolek's action, undertaken with his characteristic enormous enthusiasm, was rather pioneering, for it started a
series a similar meetings. Moreover, what was rather exceptional at the time was the fact that the meeting was
devoted to the functioning of just a single organ, the root.
One possible reason for the unexpected success of the original, perhaps naive, idea of a Root Symposium might
lie with the fact that plant roots have always been extremely popular as experimental material for cytologists,
biochemists and physiologists whishing to probe processes as diverse as cell division and solute transport. Of
course, the connection of roots with the rest of the plant is not forgotten either. This wide variety of disciplines is
now coupled with the development of increasingly sophisticated experimental techniques to study some of these
old problems. These factors undoubtedly contribute to the necessity of continuing the tradition of the root symposia.
The common theme of root function gives, in addition, a certain unity to all these diverse activities.
Plant roots have evidently proved to be an extremely suitable theme for a meeting, such as was held in those
early days, more than twenty years ago, in Tatranska Lomnica. Not only have the Slovak 'Root Meetings' become
a successful tradition, but the subject now attracts a broad international audience with similar meetings being
held with increasing frequency throughout the world. This book presents contributions to the Fourth International
Symposium on Plant Roots held once again in the High Tatra mountains of Slovakia in June 1993. We hope that
these Proceedings will recapture something of the flavour of those days.
Although the Fourth International Root Symposium was itself an ephemeral affair, lasting a mere 5 days, we
hope that the contributions will prove useful for a considerable period. Of course, when that period has passed, the
time may be ripe for a further Root Symposium in Slovakia!
The Editors
