Table Of ContentSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS
Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences
Volume 4
Also in this series:
l. J. Monteith and C. Webb, eds., Soil Water and Nitrogen in Mediterranean
type Environments. Proceedings based on a Workshop organized by the
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, held in
Aleppo, Syria, January 1980.
ISBN 90-247-2406-6
2. J. C. Brogan, ed., Nitrogen Losses and Surface Run-offfrom Landspreading
of Manures, Proceedings of a Workshop in the EEG Programme of Coordi
nation of Research on Effiuents from Livestock, held at The Agricultural
Institute, Johnstown Castle Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland, May 20-22,
1980.
ISBN 90-247-2471-6
3. J. D. Bewley, ed., Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism. Symposium on the
Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Productivity, held in Calgary,
Canada, July 14-17,1980.
ISBN 90-247-2472-4
Series ISBN 90-247-2405-8
Structure and Function
of Plant Roots
Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium,
held in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, September 1-5, 1980
edited by
R. BROUWER
o. GASPARIKOVA
J. KOLEK
B.C. LOUGHMAN
Chapters23, 28, 29, 34,37, 38,40,45,47, 51,52,53, 55,59,65,6 6,69,72,74,76
reprinted from Plant and SoU Vol. 63, No. 1 (1981)
1981
MARTINUS NIJHOFF / DR W. JUNK PUBLISHERS
THE HAGUE / BOSTON / LONDON
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Structure and function of plant roots.
(Developments in plant and soil sciences; v. 4)
'Organised by the Slovak Academy of Sciences' - Pref.
I nd udes index.
I. Roots (Botany) - Congresses. I. Brouwer, Rienk. 11. International Symposium on
Structure and Function of Roots (2nd: 1980: Bratislava, Czechoslovakia) III. Slovenskä akade
mia vied. IV. Series.
QK644.s83 582'.010428 81-16800
TSBN-13: 978-94-009-8316-8 e-TSBN-13 978-94-009-8314-4
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-8314-4
Copyright © 1981 by Martinlls Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1981
All rights reserved. No part of this pllblication may be reprodllced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmirted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, withollt
the prior II'ritlen permission of the publisher,
Martillus NijhofflDr W. Junk Publishers, P.G. Box 566,2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands.
Preface
The 2nd International Symposium on Structure and Function of Roots or
ganised by the Slovak Academy of Sciences was held in Bratislava in early
September 1980 and continued the theme ofits 1971 predecessor at Tatranska
Lomnica.
The symposium started with 'structural characteristics of roots in relation to
the process of growth'. The approach was notable for the way in which it brought
together cytologists, electron microscopists and physiologists to discuss pro
blems of common interest and set the scene for a muItidisciplinary approach to
the remainder of the Symposium. Metabolie aspects of roots under normal
conditions and after being exposed to stress received considerable attention,
together with interesting contributions concerned with responses of roots to
gravity.
The session on water movement provided a useful balance between theoretical
papers on the one hand and the resuIts ofthe use ofnew experimental approaches
to the problem on the other. The Symposium continued with the examination of
factors affecting the transport 01' ions into and across roots, particular attention
focussing on metabolie aspects concerned with delivery ofions to the shoot. The
problems associated with coordinating the separate functions 01' the root were
introduced by a group ofpapers, again supported by contributions in which new
experimental methods were described. These led to an integrated approach to the
correlation 01' root function with the well-being 01' the plant as a whole, which
formed the final day of the Symposium, and it was particularly noticeable from
the trend ofthe discussion that a number ofthe participants had benefitted from
the contact with other disciplines during their week's stay in Bratislava.
The Organising Committee had not intended to publish the proceedings, but
during the Symposium the feeling emerged that the high quality ofmany ofthe
papers merited a permanent record, particularly if relatively rapid publication
could be achieved. The Committee feit that it would be a good opportunity to
present a broad spectrum of international contributions including a number
from Eastern Europe that might not otherwise be readily available.
v
VI
These points were presented to the full Symposium and it was decided to aim
for manuscript submission by early December 1980. With the cooperation of all
concerned, the texts of delivered papers limited to seven text pages and poster
contributions to three pages were in the hands of the Editors by the end of the
year. A deliberate decision was taken to allow all Symposium contributors to
have space in the published volume ifthe work merited it, and as a consequence
the stringent restraints on space meant that authors were required to present
contributions that were overly concise by normal Symposium standards.
Nevertheless, it was feIt that the opportunity to include information from such a
wide range of research groups from so many countries would perhaps provide a
volume the general usefulness of which outweighed the enforced brevity of the
contributions. We hope that some f1avour of the Symposium as feIt by the
participants comes through to the reader even though some of the contributions
contain only the key points of poster presentations with a minimum of text.
The facilities provided by the Comenius University were outstanding and the
hospitality shown to the visitors by the Institute of Experimental Biology and
Ecology of the Slovak Academy willlong be remembered. It will be the wish of
many that the 3rd Symposium takes place long before the lapse ofthe nine-year
interval that divided the first two.
THE EDITORS
Contents
Preface V
List of Contributors XIII
I. Growth processes, structural characteristics
1. v. B. IVANOV, Cellular organization ofroot growth 3
2. M. LUXOVA, Growth region ofthe primary root ofmaize (Zea mays L.) 9
3. A. MURIN, Regulation of the mitotic cycIe in seedling roots of Viciafaba
by environmental factors 15
4. L. l. MUSATENKO, Maturing seed root growth and metabolism 19
5. N. V. OBROUCHEVA, Development of the mature root growth pattern in
the course of seed germination 23
6. L. l. MUSATENKO, o. GASPARIKovA, G. l. MARTYN and K. M. SYTNIK,
Structural and functional aspects of roots of germinating seeds 29
7. R. D. MCLEOD and A. THOMPSON, Cell proliferation during the develop-
ment of lateral root primordia 35
8. P. W. BARLOW, Argyrophilic nucIear structures in root apices 43
9. M. J. OLSZEWSKA and A. K. KONONOWICZ, Can induced autopolyploidy
replace naturally occurring endopolyploidization in roots? 49
10. M. J. OLSZEWSKA and A. K. KONONOWICZ, H. KONONOWICZ and K. JANAS,
In si tu 3H rRNA/DNA hybridization and silver staining of NORs
during growth and differentiation of root cortex cells in the presence or
absence of DNA endoreplication 53
11. F. KADEJ and A. KADEJ, Abnormalities in the ultrastructure of root cap
cells in Raphanus sativus L. induced by actinomycin D, hydroxyurea, rJ.-
naphthylacetic acid and streptomycin 59
12. S. KUBICA, DNA content in metaxylem ofbarley roots 67
13. A. LUX, JR., A light microscopic study ofthe central metaxylem ontoge-
nesis in the root of barley (Hordeum distichum L.) 71
14. M. F. DANILOVA, Correlative morphogenesis of endodermis and xylem
elements in the developing barley root 77
VII
VIII
15. P. W. BARLOW, Division and differentiation during regeneration at the
rootapex 85
16. P. E. PI LET, Root growth and gravireaction. Endogenous hormone
balance 89
17. A. CHANSON and P. E. PILET, ABA effects on root growth and gravireact-
ion of Zea mays L. 95
18. R. BEFFA and P. E. PILET, Critical study of the elongation and gravireact-
ion of maize roots: light effect 99
19. v. N. FILIPPENKO, The differentiation ofrhizodermal cells in grasses 103
20. E. B. KURKOVA, Distribution of plasmodesmata in root epidermis 107
21. D. RICHARDS and J. A. CONSIDINE, Suberization and browning of grape-
vine roots 111
n. Metabolism of roots
22. J. SAHULKA, Regulation of enzymes involved in inorganic N metabolism
119
in pea roots
23. E. PRZEMECK and B. SCHRADER, The effect of mangane se nutrition on
nitrogen assimilation in roots 123
24. o. GASPARIKovA, RNA synthesis in the root tip ofmaize 129
25. E. E. KHAVKIN, I. V. ZELENEVA, E. Y. MARKOV and N.V. OBROUCHEVA,
Development of pro tein patterns in the maize root stele 133
26. K. BEN ES, V. B. IVANOV and v. HADACOVA, Glycosidases in the root tip 137
27. v. HADACOVA and K. BENES, Glycosidase isoenzymes in root growth zones 141
In. Transport phenomena
A. Water transport
28. J. DAINTY, M. KLEINOVA and K. JANACEK, The movement ofwater across
the plant root 149
29. D. M. MILLER, Pressure-flow characteristics of the roots of Zea mays 153
30. v. N. ZHOLKEVICH, On the nature of root pressure 157
31. z. HERDOVA, Electroosmotic phenomena in longitudinal transport of 159
solutes in roots
32. F. VETO, A possible driving force for the transport ofwater in roots: the
temperature gradient 163
IX
33. v. KOZINKA, Conducting efficiency of roots for the longitudinal f10w of
water 165
B. Ion uptake and transport
34. R. DEJAEGERE, L. NEIRINCKX, J. M. STASSART and v. DELEGHER, Mechanism
of ion uptake across barley roots 173
35. D. J. F. BOWLING, Evidence for an ion uptake controller in Helianthus
annuus 179
36. M. DVORAK and J. CERNOHORSKA, Efficiency ofpassive movement ofions
in the root 187
37. N. 1. TIKHAYA and N. E. MISHUTINA, Comparison of some membrane-
bound ATPases of glycophytes and halophytes 191
38. o. G. TANCZOS, L. ERDEI and J. SNIJDER, Uptake and translocation of
sodium in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant Plantago species 193
39. M. s. KRASAVINA, s. v. SOKOLOVA and o. o. LYALIN, Theeffect ofCCCP on
potassium uptake by root cells 199
40. D. B. VAKHMISTROV, Specia1ization ofroot tissues in ion transport 203
41. v. P. KHOLODOVA, Y. P. BOLYAKINA, A. B. MESHCHERIAKOV and M. s.
ORLOVA, Sugar beet root as an organ for sucrose accumulation 209
42. G. FRAN<;OIS, G. J. BOGEMANS and L. NEIRINCKX, Influence of IAA and
ABA on compartmentation in red beet cells (Beta vulgaris L. ssp.
vulgaris L. var. rubra) 215
43.1. M. STASSART and L. NEIRINCKX, The effect of calcium on the accumula-
tion and transport ofsodium into different parts ofbarley roots 219
44. J. MICHALOV, Permeability and conductance properties ofthe maize root
epidermis 221
45. w. G. KELTJENS, Absorption and transport ofnutrient cations and anions
in maize roots 225
46. M. HOLOBRADA, 1. MISTRIK and J. KOLEK, Absorption and transport of
anions by different roots of Zea mays L. 233
47. B. c. LOUGHMAN, Metabolie aspects of the transport ofions by cells and
tissues of roots 237
48. M. G. ZAITSEVA, Accumulation of cations and the functional activity of
mitochondria from roots 247
49. M. HOLOBRADA, Absorption and transport of sulphate in relation to its
metabolism 249
50. F. POSPISIL and M. SINDELAROV A, The effect ofphenolic acids on metabol-
ism and nu trient uptake of roots 253
x
51. s. E. SMITH, F. A. SMITH and D. J. D. NICHOLAS, Effects of endomycorrhizal
infection on phosphate and cation uptake by Trifolium subterraneum 259
IV. Functional integrity of the root system
52. R. BROUWER, Co-ordination of growth phenomena within a root system
of intact maize plants 269
53. B. w. VEEN, Relation between root respiration and root activity 277
54. H. LAMBERS, The efficiency of root respiration in different environments 281
55. B. w. VEEN and F. R. BOONE, The influence of mechanical resistance and
phosphate supply on morphology and function of corn 1"00ts 287
56. o. CHLOUPEK, Genetical variability ofthe size ofthe lucerne 1"00t system
determined by its electrical capacity 293
57. N. EL BASSAM, Genetical variation in efficiency ofplant 1"00t systems 295
V. Responses of roots to stress
58. D. KRAMER, Structure and function in absorption and transport of
nu trients 303
59. N. VARTANIAN, Some aspects ofstructural and functional modifications
induced by drought in 1"00t systems 309
60. M. CIAMPOROVA, Ultrastructure of maize root cells under water stress
conditions 319
61. G. M. GRINIEVA, The effect of flooding on metabolism and structure of
maize 1"00ts 323
62. J. KOLEK, I. MISTRIK, M. HOLOBRADA, T. PSENAKOVA ando. GASPARIKovA,
The response of Zea mays roots to chilling 327
63. o. P. RODCHENKO, The study of root growth under low temperatures at
the ceillevel 337
64. N. D. ALJOCHINA, A. I. KLUIKOVA and s. s. KENZHEBAEVA, Nitrogen
assimilation in wheat in relation to the root zone temperature 339
65. CH. HECHT-BUCHHOLZ and c. D. FOY, Effect of aluminium toxicity on root
morphology of barley 343
66. c. BUJTAS and E. CSEH, Effect of heavy metals and chelating agents on
potassium uptake of cereal 1"00ts 347
67. N. I. SHEVYAKOVA, Transport and metabolism of sulphate und er salt
stress 351
