Structurally Controlled, Magmatic Hydrothermal Model for Archean Lode Gold Deposits

156 Pages·2007·18.66 MB·English

ISBN 978-1-4249-3163-7
THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT

Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the
terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”)
have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use.

Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines
(MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in
the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government
policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal
advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and
applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or
implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage
however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal
liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever.

Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM.
Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility
for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked
Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were
created or maintained (the “Owner”). Both your use of a linked Web site, and your right to use or reproduce
information or materials from a linked Web site, are subject to the terms of use governing that particular Web
site. Any comments or inquiries regarding a linked Web site must be directed to its Owner.

Copyright: Canadian and international intellectual property laws protect the Content. Unless otherwise
indicated, copyright is held by the Queen’s Printer for Ontario.

It is recommended that reference to the Content be made in the following form:
Beakhouse, G.P. 2007. Structurally controlled, magmatic hydrothermal model for Archean lode gold
deposits: a working hypothesis; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6193, 133p.

Use and Reproduction of Content: The Content may be used and reproduced only in accordance with
applicable intellectual property laws. Non-commercial use of unsubstantial excerpts of the Content is
permitted provided that appropriate credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. Any substantial
reproduction of the Content or any commercial use of all or part of the Content is prohibited without the prior
written permission of MNDM. Substantial reproduction includes the reproduction of any illustration or figure,
such as, but not limited to graphs, charts and maps. Commercial use includes commercial distribution of the
Content, the reproduction of multiple copies of the Content for any purpose whether or not commercial, use
of the Content in commercial publications, and the creation of value-added products using the Content.

Contact:
FOR FURTHER
PLEASE CONTACT: BY TELEPHONE: BY E-MAIL:
INFORMATION ON
The Reproduction of MNDM Publication Local: [phone]
[email protected]
Content Services Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext.
5691 (inside Canada,
United States)
The Purchase of MNDM Publication Local: [phone]
[email protected]
MNDM Publications Sales Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext.
5691 (inside Canada,
United States)
Crown Copyright Queen’s Printer Local: [phone]
[email protected]
Toll Free: 1-800-668-9938
(inside Canada,
United States)

Ontario Geological Survey
Open File Report 6193
Structurally Controlled,
Magmatic Hydrothermal
Model for Archean
Lode Gold Deposits:
A Working Hypothesis
2007

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open File Report 6193
Structurally Controlled, Magmatic Hydrothermal Model for Archean Lode Gold
Deposits: A Working Hypothesis
by
G.P. Beakhouse
2007
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that
reference to this publication be made in the following form:
Beakhouse, G.P. 2007. Structurally controlled, magmatic hydrothermal model for
Archeanlodegolddeposits:aworkinghypothesis;OntarioGeologicalSurvey,Open
File Report 6193, 133p.
e Queen’sPrinterforOntario,2007

eQueen’sPrinterforOntario,2007.
Open File Reports of the Ontario Geological Survey are available for viewing at the John B. Gammon Geoscience
LibraryinSudbury,attheMinesandMineralsInformationCentreinToronto,andattheregionalMinesandMinerals
officewhosedistrictincludestheareacoveredbythereport(seebelow).
CopiescanbepurchasedatPublicationSalesandtheofficewhosedistrictincludestheareacoveredbythereport.Al-
thoughaparticularreportmaynotbeinstockatlocationsotherthanthePublicationSalesofficeinSudbury,theycan
generallybeobtainedwithin3workingdays.Alltelephone,fax,mailande-mailordersshouldbedirectedtothePublica-
tionSalesofficeinSudbury.UseofVISAorMasterCardensuresthefastestpossibleservice.Chequesormoneyorders
shouldbemadepayabletotheMinisterofFinance.
MinesandMineralsInformationCentre(MMIC) Tel: [phone]
MacdonaldBlock,RoomM2-17
900BaySt.
Toronto,OntarioM7A1C3
JohnB.GammonGeoscienceLibrary Tel: [phone]
933RamseyLakeRoad,LevelA3
Sudbury,OntarioP3E6B5
PublicationSales Tel: [phone](local)
933RamseyLakeRd.,LevelA3 1-888-415-9845(toll-free)
Sudbury,OntarioP3E6B5 Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
RegionalMinesandMineralsOffices:
Kenora-Suite104,810RobertsonSt.,KenoraP9N4J2
KirklandLake-10GovernmentRd.E.,KirklandLakeP2N1A8
RedLake-Box324,OntarioGovernmentBuilding,RedLakeP0V2M0
SaultSte.Marie-70FosterDr.,Ste.200,SaultSte.MarieP6A6V8
SouthernOntario-P.O. BagService43,126OldTroyRd.,TweedK0K3J0
Sudbury-LevelA3,933RamseyLakeRd.,SudburyP3E6B5
ThunderBay-SuiteB002,435JamesSt.S.,ThunderBayP7E6S7
Timmins-OntarioGovernmentComplex,P.O.Bag3060,Hwy.101East,SouthPorcupineP0N1H0
Toronto-MMIC,MacdonaldBlock,RoomM2-17,900BaySt.,TorontoM7A1C3
This report has not received a technical edit. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Ministry of Northern
DevelopmentandMinesdoesnotassumeanyliability.Sourcereferencesareincludedinthereportandusersareurgedto
verifycriticalinformation.Recommendationsandstatementsofopinionsexpressedarethoseoftheauthororauthors
andarenottobeconstruedasstatementsofgovernmentpolicy.
Ifyouwishtoreproduceanyofthetext,tablesorillustrationsinthisreport,pleasewriteforpermissiontotheTeam
Leader, Publication Services, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level A3,
Sudbury,OntarioP3E6B5.
Cettepublicationestdisponibleenanglaisseulement.
Partsofthisreportmaybequotedifcreditisgiven.Itisrecommendedthatreferencebemadeinthefollowingform:
Beakhouse,G.P.2007.Structurallycontrolled,magmatichydrothermalmodelforArcheanlodegolddeposits:a
workinghypothesis;OntarioGeologicalSurvey,OpenFileReport6193,133p.
iii

Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................................... xiii
Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Summary of Characteristics of Superior Province Granitoid Magmatism.......................................................... 1
TTG Suite.................................................................................................................................................... 4
Low-Al TTG....................................................................................................................................... 6
High-Al TTG...................................................................................................................................... 8
Mantle-Derived (Sanukitoid and Alkalic) Suite.......................................................................................... 9
Sanukitoid Suite................................................................................................................................. 10
Alkalic Suite....................................................................................................................................... 13
A Sanukitoid–Alkalic Continuum?.................................................................................................... 15
Crustally Derived (I-type) Suite.................................................................................................................. 16
Crustally Derived (S-type) Suite................................................................................................................. 18
Summary of Distinguishing Characteristics of Plutonic Suites.................................................................. 19
Relationships of Suites to the Geology of Ontario Map Legend................................................................. 33
Secular Evolution of Superior Province Granitoid Plutonism............................................................................. 34
Plutonic Record in the Classic “Kenoran” Region...................................................................................... 34
The Hemlo Example................................................................................................................................... 39
General Geology of the Hemlo Greenstone Belt................................................................................ 39
Secular Evolution of Intermediate to Felsic Plutonism...................................................................... 41
Petrogenesis of Intermediate to Felsic Plutonic Rocks....................................................................... 42
Summary............................................................................................................................................ 43
Diachronous Secular Evolution across the Superior Province.................................................................... 43
A Petrogenetic Hypothesis for Superior Province Plutonism..................................................................... 44
Comparisons with Phanerozoic Arc Magmatism................................................................................................ 45
Phanerozoic Arc Magmatism...................................................................................................................... 46
Source of Fluids.................................................................................................................................. 46
Thermal Structure of Subduction Zones............................................................................................. 47
Compositional Range of Arc Magmatism.......................................................................................... 47
Possible Contributing Sources............................................................................................................ 48
Mantle........................................................................................................................................ 48
Slab............................................................................................................................................ 48
Sediments................................................................................................................................... 49
Crust........................................................................................................................................... 49
Modification During Ascent and Emplacement................................................................................. 50
Summary of Phanerozoic Arc Magmatism......................................................................................... 50
Comparison with the Archean Greenstone Terrane Magmatic Record....................................................... 50
Relevance to Mineralization....................................................................................................................... 52
Timing of Gold Mineralization Within the Superior Province............................................................................ 53
Problems..................................................................................................................................................... 53
Multiple Gold Events......................................................................................................................... 53
Inequality of Regional- and Deposit-Scale Deformational Histories................................................. 54
Absolute Age Determinations............................................................................................................ 54
v